Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism, has emerged as a major contributor to the development and progression of IHD. The presence of MetS significantly increases cardiovascular risk and worsens clinical outcomes in patients with established coronary artery disease.
We summarize current evidence on the role of metabolic syndrome in ischemic heart disease, with a focus on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Key mechanisms linking MetS to IHD include insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and pro-thrombotic states, all of which promote atherosclerosis and plaque instability. In addition, emerging biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂), adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines provide further insight into the complex interaction between metabolic disturbances and ischemic heart disease.
Understanding the role of metabolic syndrome in IHD is essential for early risk stratification and targeted prevention strategies. Comprehensive management of metabolic syndrome components may reduce the incidence, severity, and recurrence of ischemic heart disease. This review highlights the importance of an integrated metabolic and cardiovascular approach in the prevention and management of IHD.

Cardiovascular diseases related death rates have been declining over, but during the two decades, mortality and morbidity attributable by cardiovascular diseases are continuously taking the first place among the leading causes of morbidity and deaths among the population. Statistics show that >4 million people die each year from cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes in Europe. The World Health Organization reports that in less developed and developing countries, obesity and mortality are expected to continue to increase, depending on the age of the population and the characteristics of lifestyle.
Dyslipidaemia is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and is a known risk factor for development and progression of atherosclerosis in CAD.
Dyslipidemia and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and account for more than 80% of deaths and disability in low- and middle-income countries. Increased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipid (HDL)-cholesterol and decreased low-density lipid (LDL)-cholesterol are known to be associated with major risk factors for CVD. The Framingham study and others that followed could show that HDL-C is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and that the increase of HDL-C of only 10 mg·L(-1) leads to a risk reduction of 2-3%. A recent meta-analysis, including 302.430 subjects from 68 long-term prospective studies, supported the importance of HDL-C measurement in the risk assessment for CAD.
However, data about the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipid profile among Mongolian adult are rare in the literature. In recent years, rapid urbanization, unhealthy diet, increased life expectancy and lifestyle changes have led to an increased rate of CVD around the world.

Background: The American Heart Association estimates that more than 1 million people die each year from acute coronary heart disease and half a million from acute coronary syndrome, and that $ 115 billion a year is spent on diagnosing and treating coronary heart disease [Word Health Organization, 2013]. Goal: In this study we aimed to using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to diagnose unstable plaques in coronary artery disease. Material and methods: From 2018 to 2021, we performed a coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) scan with a Philips Ingenuity 64-slice computed tomography (64 MD-CT) device and examined 47 patients diagnosed with unstable coronary artery disease at the Reference centre on Diagnostic Imaging named after R.Purev State Laureate, People’s physician and Honorary professor of the State Third Central Hospital.
Common statistical measurements such as means and standard errors were calculated. Probability of results were checked using Student’s test. Result: In studying signs of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to diagnose unstable plaques in coronary artery disease that coronary artery diameters more widening to compared healthy artery 16(34.0%±6.9), low density sites clarify in plaque (lower than +30HU)- 14(29.8%±6.7), small calcification detect in plaque 36 (74.5%±6.4), ring liked additional density (lower than +130 HU) sees in edge of plaque (Halo sign)-9(19.2%±5.8), plaque edge roughness, erosion liked changes- 18 (38.3%±7.1), rupture of intima (dissection)- 8(17.0%±5.5). Conclusion We detect that computed tomography angiography (CCTA)’s specific signs of unstable plaque of coronary artery disease are coronary artery diameters widening, low density sites clarify in plaque (lower than +30HU), small calcification detect in plaque, ring liked additional density (lower than +130 HU) sees in edge of plaque (Halo sign), plaque edge roughness, erosion liked changes and rupture of intima.

Background: Lower extremity arterial diseases are chronic stenosis of the artery and occlusive arterial diseases, which are commonly caused by atherosclerosis. Prevalence of lower extremity arterial diseases has positive proportional relationship with age of the patients. Furthermore, prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease is 16% among the males over the age of 60, whereas prevalence among same aged woman is 13%. Among the age group of 38 to 59 age, 60 to 69 age and 70-82 age group, prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease was 5.6%, 15.9%, and 33.8%, respectively. Goal: Identifying lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries by CTA-TASC classification of aorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions. Obiective:
1. To identify age and sex of the patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries.
2. To identify lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries by CTA-TASC classification of aorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions. Material and methods: Study sample consisted of 237 patients, who were diagnosed with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries from 2019 to 2020 at reference centre on Diagnostic Imaging na after R.Purev State Laureate, People’s physician and Honorary professor of the State Third Central Hospital. Computed angiogram images of lower extremity arteries were examined. Contrast agent “Ultravist” was pumped by automatic syringe. Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries are categorized by CTA-TASC classification of аorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions. The youngest participant was 20 years old and the oldest participant was 76 years old. Common statistical measurements such as means and standard errors were calculated. Probability of results were checked using Student’s test. Results: We have found following results: 185(78.1%±3.0) cases out of 237 diagnosed patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries are males and 52(21.9%±3.0) cases are female. Distribution of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries by the age group of patients are: up to 20 years of age is 3 (1.3%±0.7), 21 to 40 years of age is 14(5.9%±1.5), 41 to 60 years of age is 86(36.3%±3.1) and over the age of 61 is 134(56.5%±3.2). It is statistically highly significant that experiencing lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries among the age group of over 61(P<0.001).
The result of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries by the CTA-TASC classification of aorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions are: CTA-TASS аorta-iliac lesions A-16(6.8%±1.8), B-8(3.4%±1.2), C-12(5.1%±1.4), D-41(17.3%±2.5), CTA-TASS femoral popliteal A-41(17.29%±2.5), B-53(22.36%±3.6), C-47(19.83%±2.6), D-96(40.5%±3.2), respectively. Conclusions
1. Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries occurs 46.5% over the age of 60 and 78.1% of the patients are males.
2. Following two categories have identified more than the rest, 17.3% CTA-TASC classification of аorta-iliac lesions, type D and 23.3% CTA-TASC classification of femoral popliteal lesions, type D.

Introduction: Coronary atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Hypogonadism is not considered a traditional risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Higher CVD mortality may be partially attributed to behavioral and physical characteristics of males, including increased smoking, drinking, endocrine and metabolic factor like fat distribution, and low male engagement in preventive care. In the last decades, many studies have suggested that low testosterone levels are associated with increased prevalence of risk factors for CVD, including dyslipidemia and diabetes. For the reason, this research focused on identifying any association between testosterone deficiency and risk factors of coronary heart disease. Goal: This study aimed to identify any association between testosterone deficiency and risk factors of coronary heart disease in Mongolian men. Material and methods: In this case control study, we determined plasma total testosterone, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein – ApoA1, Apo B and glucose in 287 subjects, among them 125 patients with ACS and 162 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 of IBM. Results: Mean age of the participants was 55.19±6.99 years old. It was found that, mean plasma TT levels in patients with ACS (4.17 ng/ml) was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects (4.70 ng/ml). There was a negative association between plasma TT level and glucose level (r=-0.185; p=0.002) and ApoB/ApoA1 (r=-0.132, p=0.026). Conclusion The results in the present study suggest that low plasma TT level may be a risk factor for CHD in men, which may relate to the influence of plasma lipoprotein and glucose metabolism by endogenous testosterone.

Background: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is grown rapidly in last years. The application of cardiopulmonary bypass using a heart-lung machine to perform open heart surgery is known to be associated with numerous pathophysiologic changes including injury of cellular components as erythrocyte, platelets, coagulopathy, and fibrinolysis. Objectives: Our study objective is to study on relation of open heart surgery phases and blood coagulation parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 49 patients (28 females and 21 males, aged 18- 63 years) who underwent open heart surgery with cardiopulnonary bypass (CPB) were collected before and at several time points during, after surgery and analyzed for coagulation parameters at Shastin Third Central Hospital. Results: To compare long continued cardiopulmonary bypass (over 1 h) surgery with less 1 h groups there prothrombin time was found 18.8±5.9 sec, international normalized ratio (INR) 2.09±0.9 sec prolonged (p<0.001) in 7 days after surgery. All coagulation parameters were decreased significantly (p<0.001) in during extracorporeal circulation and after 1 h declamping than preoperative level and reached near normal value in 48 h after surgery. Our results have referred to platelet counts reduction to about 53% in during surgery, 46.8% in 48 h after surgery of the preoperative level 237.4±57.1 with final return to normal levels 228.9±78.6 within 7 days. Conclusions
1. The cardiopulmonary bypass time and patient age in relation to open heart surgery type there were significant difference (p <0.01).
2. The coagulation parameters have revealed significant changes (p <0.01) in relation cardiopulmonary bypass time.
3. All coagulation parameters were decreased significantly (p<0.001) in during extracorporeal circulation and after 1 h decamping than preoperative level and reached near normal value in 48 h after surgery.
4. There was direct and less correlation between platelet level and CPB time (r=0.37, p<0.001).

Article deals with age-related hypogonadism in men as an interdisciplinary problem. Current definition, prevalence, analyzes the relationship between age and the incidents of hypogonadism were shown. The detailed overview of clinical studies, meta analysis of causal link of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction, ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus was presented. To date was found the relationship between metabolic syndrome and androgen deficiency. Low level of testosterone is closely connected with low libido as well as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are noticed in patients with hypogonadism in comparison with obese and normal-weight patients. Therefore, metabolic risk factors are the connecting link of cardiovascular diseases and androgen deficiency. Meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of testosterone replacement therapy and safety of long term use was presented in the article. The article discusses the importance of a unified approach to the diagnosis and treatment of androgen-deficient conditions and cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: There are dozens of research work about Toin Jambaldorj. But most of them based on his works including fiction of medicine, “Beautiful eyes”. We started detailed research on his work “wooden herb species” of his book “Beautiful eyes”. As we started research on great healer Nayman Toin Jambaldorj’s biography and work, we analyzed and made research on his work “Gants tengerc ochir tarny Ishiddonrovdambiijalsan Tsog saityn ouryn yawdal yosny tiin nomlol ene nasny uzegdlyn noir-ous sergeegch khuslyn erdene khemeeh orshiwoy”. This work/fiction was inherited by Tibetan monk Louwsanzandan to professor of Inner Mongolian University Erdembayar during his study in Tibet.