1.Analysis of Chronic Gouty Arthritis Animal Models Based on Clinical Characteristics of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Yan XIAO ; Siyuan LIN ; Fan YANG ; Qianglong CHEN ; Xiaohua CHEN ; Meiling WANG ; Zhen ZHANG ; Jiali LUO ; Youxin SU ; Jiemei GUO
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(7):84-92
ObjectiveBased on the clinical characteristics of chronic gouty arthritis (CGA) in both traditional Chinese and western medicine, this study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical concordance of existing CGA animal models, providing recommendations for establishing animal models that align with the pathological characteristics of CGA and the manifestations of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. MethodsBy comprehensively retrieving Chinese and international databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and PubMed, all relevant literature on CGA animal models was collected. Based on the guidelines, the diagnostic criteria of both traditional Chinese and western medicine were summarized and organized. The evaluation indicators for the CGA model were constructed with reference to existing evaluation modes, and the CGA animal models were analyzed to systematically evaluate the clinical concordance of existing models. ResultsThe current methods used to construct CGA animal models mainly include monosodium urate crystal induction, high-protein diet induction (poultry lack urate oxidase), and high-fat diet combined with urate oxidase inhibitors and joint injection. Based on 11 pieces of included literature, the traditional Chinese and western medicine scoring data of each model were extracted, and the average scoring values of all models were ultimately calculated. The results show that the average clinical concordances of existing CGA animal models in both traditional Chinese and western medicine are 43.33% and 64.44%, respectively. Among them, the model with the highest clinical concordance rate is the one with a high-fat diet combined with potassium oxonate to induce hyperuricemia plus joint injection, achieving 83.33% clinical concordance in western medicine and 60% in traditional Chinese medicine. This model aligns well with the pathogenic characteristics and pathological changes of clinical CGA. ConclusionAlthough current CGA animal models can simulate some pathological characteristics of CGA, they struggle to comprehensively reflect the complex pathological processes of CGA and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to establish the CGA animal models that incorporate the clinical disease and syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese and western medicine and formulate the uniform model evaluation criteria, providing more precise tools for CGA mechanism research and the development of traditional Chinese medicine.
2.Mechanism of Xixintang in Protecting Blood-brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats Based on AQP4 Polarization
Siyuan JIA ; Yongchang DIWU ; Yuan TIAN ; Jie GAO ; Meirong WU ; Dengkun WANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(9):1-10
ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the effects of Xixintang on aquaporin-4 (AQP4) polarity distribution, blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, and neuroinflammationin rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD), thereby revealing the potential mechanism through which this formula protects the BBB by regulating AQP4 polarization. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment. MethodsSixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a probiotic group, a donepezil group, and an Xixintang group. The model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (D-Gal) combined with bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β25-35 (Aβ25-35). The probiotic group (30.85 mg·kg-1), donepezil group (0.88 mg·kg-1), and Xixintang group (1.174 g·kg-1) received daily gavage administration, while the normal and model groups received intragastric administration with an equal volume of normal saline for one month. Cognitive ability was assessed by using the Morris water maze. BBB permeability was detected via Evans blue extravasation. The contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the hippocampal tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and AQP4 in the hippocampal tissues were detected by western blot. The expression and co-localization levels of Aβ1-42, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), and AQP4/platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 31 (CD31) in the hippocampal region were examined by immunofluorescence. ResultsCompared with the normal group, the model group exhibited a significant decline in cognitive ability (P<0.01) and a marked increase in Evans blue extravasation in the brain (P<0.01). The expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and TIMP-1 were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the expressions of AQP4 and MMP-9 were significantly increased (P<0.01). The co-localization level of AQP4/CD31 was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the expressions of Aβ1-42, IL-6, TNF-α, and IBA1 were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the Xixintang group showed significant improvement in cognitive ability (P<0.01) and a significant reduction in Evans blue extravasation in the brain (P<0.01). The expressions of occludin, TIMP-1, and ZO-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the expressions of AQP4 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The co-localization level of AQP4/CD31 was significantly enhanced (P<0.01), and the expressions of Aβ1-42, IL-6, TNF-α, and IBA1 were significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionXixintang may improve cognitive function and alleviate AD pathology in AD model rats by regulating AQP4 polarity distribution, thereby breaking the vicious cycle of "Aβ deposition-neuroinflammation-BBB damage" and restoring the homeostasis of the microenvironment in the brain.
3.Effect of Xixintang on Colonic Mucosal Barrier and TLR4 /NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway in AD Model Rats Induced by D-galactose Combined with Aβ25-35
Yuan TIAN ; Yongchang DIWU ; Siyuan JIA ; Jie GAO ; Meirong WU ; Dengkun WANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(10):1-11
ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate whether Xixintang could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model induced by D-galactose and β-amyloid (Aβ25-35), by means of repairing the colonic mucosal barrier, regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) signaling pathway, and intervening in the pathological process mediated by the gut-brain axis. MethodsSixty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided to five groups (n=12): A control group, a model group, a donepezil group, an Xixintang group, and a probiotic group. Except for those in the control group, rats in all other groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of D-galactose for six consecutive weeks. Subsequently, aggregated Aβ25-35 was injected stereotactically into the bilateral ventricles to establish the AD model. During the intervention periods, the rats in all groups were administered their respective drugs and normal saline by gavage. The Morris water maze test was used to assess the capacity for spatial learning and memory. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to observe the histopathological changes in the colon tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to detect Aβ1-41 deposition in the hippocampal region and Mucin 2 (MUC2) expression in the colonic mucosa. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expression levels of FFAR2,TLR4, NF-κB p65, occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and MUC2 in the colonic tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serum amyloid A (SAA), and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampal region from the colonic tissues. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in colon tissues of rats were measured by using a dynamic chromogenic limulus assay. ResultsCompared with those in the control group, the rats in the model group exhibited a significantly prolonged escape latency and a markedly shorter duration in the target quadrant (P<0.01). The integrity of the colonic mucosal structure was compromised, with disordered gland arrangement and a reduced number of goblet cells. The Aβ1-42 deposition in the hippocampal region was significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in colonic tissues were significantly upregulated (P<0.01), while those of occludin and ZO-1 were downregulated (P<0.01). The contents of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, and SAA were significantly elevated (P<0.01), and the LPS level in the serum was markedly increased (P<0.01). In comparison to those in the model group, the rats in the Xixintang group showed a significantly shortened escape latency and a prolonged duration in the target quadrant (P<0.01). The colonic mucosal structure was ameliorated, with neat gland arrangement and an increased number of goblet cells. The Aβ1-42 deposition in the hippocampal region was reduced (P<0.01). The protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in the colon tissues were decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01), while the protein levels of occludin and ZO-1 were increased (P<0.01). The contents of IL-6, TNF-α, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were decreased (P<0.01), and the LPS level was reduced (P<0.01). ConclusionXixintang can significantly ameliorate cognitive dysfunction of AD model rats, by means of restoring the colonic mucosal barrier structure, reducing cerebral Aβ deposition, and suppressing peripheral and central inflammatory response. Its mechanism of action may be closely associated with the suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation, reduction of endotoxin levels, and regulation of the gut-brain axis.
4.Effect of Xixintang on Colonic Mucosal Barrier and TLR4 /NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway in AD Model Rats Induced by D-galactose Combined with Aβ25-35
Yuan TIAN ; Yongchang DIWU ; Siyuan JIA ; Jie GAO ; Meirong WU ; Dengkun WANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(10):1-11
ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate whether Xixintang could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model induced by D-galactose and β-amyloid (Aβ25-35), by means of repairing the colonic mucosal barrier, regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) signaling pathway, and intervening in the pathological process mediated by the gut-brain axis. MethodsSixty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided to five groups (n=12): A control group, a model group, a donepezil group, an Xixintang group, and a probiotic group. Except for those in the control group, rats in all other groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of D-galactose for six consecutive weeks. Subsequently, aggregated Aβ25-35 was injected stereotactically into the bilateral ventricles to establish the AD model. During the intervention periods, the rats in all groups were administered their respective drugs and normal saline by gavage. The Morris water maze test was used to assess the capacity for spatial learning and memory. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to observe the histopathological changes in the colon tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to detect Aβ1-41 deposition in the hippocampal region and Mucin 2 (MUC2) expression in the colonic mucosa. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expression levels of FFAR2,TLR4, NF-κB p65, occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and MUC2 in the colonic tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serum amyloid A (SAA), and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampal region from the colonic tissues. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in colon tissues of rats were measured by using a dynamic chromogenic limulus assay. ResultsCompared with those in the control group, the rats in the model group exhibited a significantly prolonged escape latency and a markedly shorter duration in the target quadrant (P<0.01). The integrity of the colonic mucosal structure was compromised, with disordered gland arrangement and a reduced number of goblet cells. The Aβ1-42 deposition in the hippocampal region was significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in colonic tissues were significantly upregulated (P<0.01), while those of occludin and ZO-1 were downregulated (P<0.01). The contents of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, and SAA were significantly elevated (P<0.01), and the LPS level in the serum was markedly increased (P<0.01). In comparison to those in the model group, the rats in the Xixintang group showed a significantly shortened escape latency and a prolonged duration in the target quadrant (P<0.01). The colonic mucosal structure was ameliorated, with neat gland arrangement and an increased number of goblet cells. The Aβ1-42 deposition in the hippocampal region was reduced (P<0.01). The protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in the colon tissues were decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01), while the protein levels of occludin and ZO-1 were increased (P<0.01). The contents of IL-6, TNF-α, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were decreased (P<0.01), and the LPS level was reduced (P<0.01). ConclusionXixintang can significantly ameliorate cognitive dysfunction of AD model rats, by means of restoring the colonic mucosal barrier structure, reducing cerebral Aβ deposition, and suppressing peripheral and central inflammatory response. Its mechanism of action may be closely associated with the suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation, reduction of endotoxin levels, and regulation of the gut-brain axis.
5.Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure Based on Thinking of Five Differentiation
Kun LIAN ; Lichong MENG ; Manting YI ; Lin LI ; Fei WANG ; Siyuan HU ; Zhixi HU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(5):160-168
Chronic heart failure (CHF) refers to a clinical syndrome in which the function or structure of the heart is changed due to damage to the original myocardium, resulting in reduced pumping and/or filling functions of the heart. In recent years, the mechanisms, pathways, and targets of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of CHF have been continuously confirmed, and the application of TCM theories in guiding the syndrome differentiation and precise treatment of CHF is currently a research hotspot. On the basis of the syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM, Professor LI Candong innovatively proposed the thinking of five differentiation: Disease differentiation, syndrome differentiation, pathogenesis differentiation, symptom differentiation, and individual differentiation. This article explores the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF from this thinking, emphasizing comprehensive syndrome differentiation, objective analysis, dynamic assessment, and individualized treatment. In terms of diagnosis, the first is to identify the disease name, cause, location, severity, and type of CHF, determine the type and its evolution, and clarify the process of transmission and transformation between deficiency and excess. Secondly, it is necessary to distinguish the authenticity, severity, primary and secondary, urgency and complexity of CHF syndromes, providing scientific guidance for syndrome differentiation and treatment. Thirdly, according to the symptoms and the principles of deficiency and excess, the physician should identify the core pathogenesis of CHF from the perspectives of Qi, blood, Yin, Yang, deficiency, stasis, phlegm, water, and toxins. Fourthly, from the macro, meso and micro levels, the physician should carefully distinguish the presence or absence, severity, authenticity, and completeness of the symptoms to guide the diagnosis and treatment process of CHF. Finally, personalized medication for CHF should be promoted based on the patient's gender, age, constitution, and living habits. In terms of treatment, based on the thinking of five differentiation, we propose that the treatment of CHF should integrate the disease and syndrome, clarify the pathogenesis, and apply precise treatment. The treatment should be people-oriented, staged, and typed, and the medication should be adjusted according to symptoms. This diagnostic and therapeutic approach is based on the holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and treatment, and combines the three causes for appropriate treatment, providing new ideas and insights for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF.
6.Consistent Detection of Aquaporin-4 Antibodies:A Comparative Analysis Between Fixed and Live Cell-Based Assays
Jing WANG ; Linge WANG ; Xiaolin YANG ; Zhizhong LI ; Jinyu JIANG ; Qiao XU ; Siyuan HUANG ; Qing FU ; Yang YANG ; Rongrong ZHANG ; Lin YANG ; Ai CHEN ; Xiaopeng ZENG ; Ke XU ; Peng ZHENG ; Xinyue QIN ; Jinzhou FENG
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2026;22(2):212-220
Background:
and Purpose Live cell-based assays (LCBA) are increasingly used for serological antibody detection due to their ability to preserve antigen conformation, offering moderately higher sensitivity than fixed cell-based assays. However, the clinical necessity of prioritizing LCBA for the detection of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unclear, especially when compared to its established role in diagnosing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.
Methods:
We compared the performance of live cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (LCBA-IF) and fixed cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (FCBA-IF) in detecting AQP4-IgG in 90 cases of NMOSD meeting 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis criteria, alongside 40 controls. Additionally, we further investigated the relationship between AQP4-IgG titers as measured by LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF and clinical parameters in NMOSD patients.
Results:
Results showed 96.9% agreement between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF (Cohen’s κ=0.935), with a strong Spearman correlation (0.977, p<0.001). Both methods demonstrated 100% specificity, with LCBA-IF showing slightly higher sensitivity compared to FCBA-IF. Within LCBAIF-tested groups, statistically significant differences in annualized relapse rates were observed across all pairwise comparisons (low-titer vs. moderate-titer, low-titer vs. high-titer, and moderate-titer vs. high-titer; all p<0.050). However, this association reached statistical significance in some FCBA-IF-tested groups.
Conclusions
Overall, there is a strong concordance between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF in detecting AQP4-IgG, where LCBA-IF shows slightly higher sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a potential link between elevated AQP4-IgG titers and an increased risk of relapse, and this correlation may appear more pronounced when using LCBA-IF.
7.Construction of a tumor-associated myeloid cell infiltration signature model based on LASSO-Cox regression for predicting postoperative overall survival in patients with gastric cancer
Leihao WANG ; Siyuan WANG ; Mengxin TIAN ; Qiangjun GAN ; Zhaoqing TANG ; Xuefei WANG
Chinese Journal of Clinical Medicine 2026;33(3):396-405
Objective To explore the impact of tumor-associated myeloid cell infiltration signatures on postoperative overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2005 to December 2019. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=167) and an internal validation set (n=168) at a 1:1 ratio. Meanwhile, 147 patients with gastric cancer treated at Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University during the same period were enrolled as the external validation set (n=147). Immunohistochemistry was used in all patients to evaluate the distribution characteristics of 18 immune markers in three regions of gastric cancer tissues, namely primary tumor (PT), invasive margin (IM), and normal tissue (NT). These markers include 11 myeloid cell markers (CD11b, CD33, CD11c, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD68, CD86, CD163, CD206, and CD66b) and 7 immune checkpoints (CD73, IDO, LAG3, PD-1, SIGLEC9, SIRPA, and TIM3). LASSO regression and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to screen immune markers associated with postoperative OS in gastric cancer patients, and a predictive model for 1-, 3-, and 5-year postoperative OS was established. Data from the internal and external validation set were used for internal and external verification of the predictive model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the discriminative ability of the model. Results In the training set, LASSO regression and Cox proportional hazards model identified 4 immune marker signatures (CD14_PT, CD15_PT, CD206_PT, and SIGLEC9_PT) to construct the predictive model. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of the model for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year postoperative OS were 0.74, 0.75, and 0.84, respectively. When the model was applied to the internal and external validation sets, the AUCs for 1-, 3-, and 5-year postoperative OS were 0.74, 0.72, 0.72 (internal validation set) and 0.72, 0.71, 0.74 (external validation set), respectively. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent risk factor for postoperative OS in patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion The model constructed based on LASSO-Cox regression exhibits good predictive performance and can effectively predict postoperative OS in gastric cancer patients, which may serve as a basis for intensive treatment of high-risk patients after surgery.
8.Efficacy observation of pelvic floor autologous fascia integrated repair based on membrane anatomy for complete rectal prolapse
Zhibiao MEI ; Yongli CAO ; Bingbing LV ; Siyuan WANG ; Kun TIAN ; Qingli LIU ; Linzi MA ; Yunshuai WANG ; Dong WEI
Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2025;28(12):1441-1447
Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic pelvic floor autologous fascia integral repair based on membrane anatomy versus transperineal proctosigmoidectomy (Altemeier procedure) in the treatment of patients with complete rectal prolapse (CRP).Methods:This study employed a retrospective observational cohort design. Clinical data were collected from a total of 55 CRP patients who underwent surgical treatment between January 2018 and July 2023, including 25 patients from Luoyang Central Hospital, affiliated with Zhengzhou University, and 30 patients from the 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force & Military Anorectal Surgery Research Institute. All patients undergoing surgery met the following criteria: aged ≥ 18 years, rectal prolapse protruding outside the anus, prolapse length > 5 cm with inability to self-reduce, conforming to the diagnostic criteria for CRP, and being first-time treated patients. Twenty-seven patients who underwent the Altemeier procedure between January 2018 and March 2021 were assigned to the Altemeier group; 28 patients who underwent laparoscopic pelvic floor autologous fascia integral repair based on membrane anatomy between April 2021 and July 2023 were assigned to the integral repair group. The therapeutic efficacy differences between the two groups were analyzed and compared, including the CRP length (DCRP), Wexner Constipation Score, Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) before surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, as well as postoperative complications and recurrence at 24 months after surgery.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender distribution, age, preoperative body mass index (BMI), defecation frequency, DCRP, Wexner Constipation Score, Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score, and GIQLI (all P>0.05). All patients completed the surgery. The length of hospital stay and intraoperative blood loss in the integral repair group were significantly less than those in the Altemeier group (both P<0.01). At 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, the DCRP, Wexner Constipation Score, Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score, and GIQLI in both groups significantly improved compared with the preoperative values (all P<0.001). At 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, the CRP treatment effect, Wexner Constipation Score, Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score, and GIQLI in the integral repair group were significantly better than those in the Altemeier group (χ2=15.821, P<0.001; χ2=18.238, P<0.001; χ2 = 12.558, P=0.001; and χ2 =22.413, P<0.001, respectively). In the integral repair group, 4 patients (14.3%) developed grade I-III postoperative complications, including 2 cases of urinary retention, 1 case of anastomotic bleeding, and 1 case of anastomotic stenosis. In the Altemeier group, 11 patients (40.7%) developed grade I-III postoperative complications, including 4 cases of urinary retention, 3 cases of anastomotic bleeding, 1 case of anastomotic stenosis, 2 cases of intestinal fistula, and 1 case of fecal incontinence. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.850, P=0.028). There was no recurrence of CRP in the integral repair group at 24 months after surgery, while 7 cases of CRP recurrence were observed in the Altemeier group at 24 months after surgery. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=6.148, P=0.013). Conclusion:The autologous fascia repair technique based on membrane anatomy and the pelvic floor integral theory is superior to the transperineal Altemeier procedure in the treatment of CRP. Furthermore, it is an effective surgical method for CRP.
9.Research Progress on Immunosenescence in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Immunotherapy.
Na WANG ; Yaning LUO ; Haoyu LU ; Siyuan CUI ; Kui ZHAO ; Fanming KONG
Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer 2025;28(7):542-550
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related incidence and mortality worldwide. Among its histological subtypes, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases, representing the predominant pathological type. Notably, in the elderly population, NSCLC continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related deaths. With the global ageing population, immunosenescence has emerged as a key factor influencing the occurrence, progression, and the efficacy of immunotherapy of NSCLC. Immunosenescence refers to the age-related decline in immune system function, which manifests as alterations in both the quantity and functionality of immune cells. These include thymic involution, T cell exhaustion, epigenetic modifications, weakened immune responses, and a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. This review comprehensively analyzes the role of immunosenescence in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and proposes potential therapeutic strategies to intervene in the immunosenescence process. By targeting immunosenescence, these strategies aim to inhibit the progression of NSCLC and improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
.
Humans
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics*
;
Immunotherapy
;
Lung Neoplasms/genetics*
;
Immunosenescence
;
Aged
10.Impact of concurrent use of goserelin on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in young breast cancer patients.
Miaoyu LIU ; Siyuan WANG ; Lin PEI ; Shu WANG
Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) 2025;57(2):291-297
OBJECTIVE:
To explore the effect of concurrent administration of goserelin for ovarian function protection on the pathological complete response (pCR) rate and objective response rate (ORR) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in young breast cancer patients.
METHODS:
The study enrolled breast cancer patients aged 18-45 with clinical stages ⅡA~ⅢC from January 2016 to May 2020. According to patients' willingness, they were divided into two groups: Those who chose to receive goserelin to protect ovarian function during NAC (goserelin group) and those who did not (chemotherapy group). The pCR rate and ORR were compared between the two groups, and subgroup analysis was conducted for patients with different molecular subtypes.
RESULTS:
A total of 93 patients were included in this study (31 in the goserelin group and 62 in the chemotherapy group). After propensity score weighting (PSW) adjustment, baseline data such as age, preoperative clinical stage, postoperative pathological stage, pa-thological type, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 expression, molecular subtypes, and chemotherapy regimens were well-matched between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the pCR rate between the goserelin group and the chemotherapy group, with rates of 29.0% and 25.8%, respectively (P=0.741). Similarly, there was no significant difference in ORR between the two groups (90.3% vs. 87.1%, P=0.746). Subgroup analysis revealed that among the patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors, there were no significant differences in pCR rate (6.3% vs. 7.7%, P=0.852) or ORR (87.5% vs. 82.1%, P=0.839) between the goserelin and chemotherapy groups. Among the patients with hormone receptor-negative tumors, there were also no significant differences in pCR rate (53.3% vs. 56.5%, P=0.847) or ORR (93.3% vs. 95.7%, P=0.975) between the two groups. One year after the completion of chemotherapy, the incidence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) was significantly lower in the goserelin group compared with the chemotherapy group (9.5% vs. 33.3%, P=0.036).
CONCLUSION
For young breast cancer patients with clinical stages of ⅡA~ⅢC, there was no statistical difference in pCR rate and ORR whether or not using goserelin during NAC. However, it is still necessary to expand the sample size and carry out a longer follow-up to evaluate the effect of goserelin on the long-term survival of young patients.
Humans
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Goserelin/administration & dosage*
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Female
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Breast Neoplasms/pathology*
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Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods*
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Adult
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Middle Aged
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Young Adult
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Adolescent
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Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use*
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Treatment Outcome
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Receptor, ErbB-2

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