To summarize Professor WANG Jianmin's experience in cathartic colon from "keeping sweet to return liquid". It is believed that the key to the pathogenesis of cathartic colon is fluid consumption and intestinal dryness， including yin depletion of spleen earth， and lack of sources for body fluids production； discordance of water and fire in kidneys， and irregular distribution of body fluids； and closure of the lungs and liver leads to inability of the flow of fluids. The treatment is based on the principle of "keeping sweet to return liquid"， using sweet medicinals mainly， assistant with sour， bland and acrid medicinals， and self-prescribed Lipi Shengjin Decoction （理脾生津汤）， Wenshen Runchang Decoction （温肾润肠汤）， Kaifei Shunchang Decoction （开肺顺肠汤）， Rougan Tongbian Decoction （柔肝通便汤） could be used to regulate spleen yin by the sweet and bland， and establish qi and promote fluid production； the sweet and warm medicinals can replenish water and fire， transform into qi， and distribute body fluids； the acrid and sweet can open lung depression， descend qi， and flow the body fluids； the sour and sweet can emolliate liver， move qi， and transform fluids.

As an independent first-level discipline,an appropriate classification of nursing science is significant.In China,each nursing degree-granting institution has developed its own secondary-level discipline directions based on its research characteristics and strengths,with varying names and research scopes.Furthermore,there is no unified global classification system.This paper,based on the characteristics of nursing as a discipline and combined with China's discipline classification principles,used literature analysis,comprehensive classification,philosophical reflection,logical reasoning,and expert consultation methods to explore the connotation of nursing,its unique research objects and scope,and to construct a secondary-level discipline classification system for nursing science that is suitable for China's national conditions.The paper also discussed the challenges faced by the nursing discipline and its future development directions,providing theoretical and practical guidance for the development of the nursing discipline.

Objective:To evaluate the sample preparation proficiency and storage proficiency of 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing through simulated experiments, and to establish an assessment method for the quality comparability of biological samples.Methods:An exploratory research design was adopted. In November 2023, artificial composite serum quality control materials containing six recombinant human protein markers—recombinant human alanine aminotransferase (rhALT), recombinant human aspartate aminotransferase (rhAST), recombinant human creatine kinase (rhCK), recombinant human creatine kinase-MB (rhCK-MB), recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), and recombinant human troponin I (rhTNI)—were distributed to 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing City. Sample preparation and storage followed the standardized operating procedures. Proficiency differences were assessed through statistical analysis.Results:Three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed all six protein markers showed a declining trend over storage time in ultra-low-temperature environments ( F values 11.68-4 179.66, all P<0.01). However, neither long-term/temporary refrigerator types ( F values 0.01-1.23, all P>0.05)nor placement locations within refrigerators significantly affected the stability of these six proteins ( F valus 0.03-1.47, all P>0.05). The biases in detection results for rhALT, rhAST, rhTNI, and rhBNP at different storage time points were within the allowable bias limits for each item, supporting their use as markers for protein stability in biobank samples. All 11 institutions passed the storage proficiency assessment. In the preparation proficiency assessment, deviations were observed in post-preparation sample results, with a notably high out-of-control rate for rhCK (36.36%). Conclusion:Sample preparation proficiency can serve as a quality control metric for clinical biobanks. Future external quality assessment systems for biobanks should focus on sample preparation rather than storage processes.

The prevention and control of health-associated infections are essential for safeguarding patients and im-proving medical quality during the process of medical service.Real-time and effective prevention and control meas-ures can not only remarkably reduce the risk of infections among the patients and health care workers but also are the essential conditions for high-quality medical service.As a convenient,rapid and highly efficient onsite diagnos-tic tool,point-of-care testing(POCT)can rapidly identify the source of infection and start precise control inter-ventions at the spot of infection,which may remarkably reduce the incidence of health-associated infection.In ad-dition,the real-time prevention and control strategies for infections can provide guidance for appropriate treatment of infections,reduce the emergence and transmission of drug-resistant strains,improve the prognosis of patients and further cut the overall medical cost.

Objective:To evaluate the sample preparation proficiency and storage proficiency of 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing through simulated experiments, and to establish an assessment method for the quality comparability of biological samples.Methods:An exploratory research design was adopted. In November 2023, artificial composite serum quality control materials containing six recombinant human protein markers—recombinant human alanine aminotransferase (rhALT), recombinant human aspartate aminotransferase (rhAST), recombinant human creatine kinase (rhCK), recombinant human creatine kinase-MB (rhCK-MB), recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), and recombinant human troponin I (rhTNI)—were distributed to 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing City. Sample preparation and storage followed the standardized operating procedures. Proficiency differences were assessed through statistical analysis.Results:Three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed all six protein markers showed a declining trend over storage time in ultra-low-temperature environments ( F values 11.68-4 179.66, all P<0.01). However, neither long-term/temporary refrigerator types ( F values 0.01-1.23, all P>0.05)nor placement locations within refrigerators significantly affected the stability of these six proteins ( F valus 0.03-1.47, all P>0.05). The biases in detection results for rhALT, rhAST, rhTNI, and rhBNP at different storage time points were within the allowable bias limits for each item, supporting their use as markers for protein stability in biobank samples. All 11 institutions passed the storage proficiency assessment. In the preparation proficiency assessment, deviations were observed in post-preparation sample results, with a notably high out-of-control rate for rhCK (36.36%). Conclusion:Sample preparation proficiency can serve as a quality control metric for clinical biobanks. Future external quality assessment systems for biobanks should focus on sample preparation rather than storage processes.

The prevention and control of health-associated infections are essential for safeguarding patients and im-proving medical quality during the process of medical service.Real-time and effective prevention and control meas-ures can not only remarkably reduce the risk of infections among the patients and health care workers but also are the essential conditions for high-quality medical service.As a convenient,rapid and highly efficient onsite diagnos-tic tool,point-of-care testing(POCT)can rapidly identify the source of infection and start precise control inter-ventions at the spot of infection,which may remarkably reduce the incidence of health-associated infection.In ad-dition,the real-time prevention and control strategies for infections can provide guidance for appropriate treatment of infections,reduce the emergence and transmission of drug-resistant strains,improve the prognosis of patients and further cut the overall medical cost.

As an independent first-level discipline,an appropriate classification of nursing science is significant.In China,each nursing degree-granting institution has developed its own secondary-level discipline directions based on its research characteristics and strengths,with varying names and research scopes.Furthermore,there is no unified global classification system.This paper,based on the characteristics of nursing as a discipline and combined with China's discipline classification principles,used literature analysis,comprehensive classification,philosophical reflection,logical reasoning,and expert consultation methods to explore the connotation of nursing,its unique research objects and scope,and to construct a secondary-level discipline classification system for nursing science that is suitable for China's national conditions.The paper also discussed the challenges faced by the nursing discipline and its future development directions,providing theoretical and practical guidance for the development of the nursing discipline.

Objective To explore the expression and diagnostic value of circulating microRNA(miR)-126-3p in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Multi-centred miR chips and sequencing data were col-lected to investigate the differential expression of circulating miR-126-3p in NSCLC.In order to evaluate the comprehensive expression level of circulating miR-126-3p in the cycle,the standardized mean difference(SMD)and summary receiver operating characteristic(sROC)curve were calculated,and the area under curve(AUC)of sROC curve was analyzed.Sensitivity,specificity,positive negative likelihood ratio were ex-plored,and the expression of circulating miR-126-3p was further comprehensively analyzed in combination with tissue.By using miRDB,starBase v2.0,and TargetScan 7.1,combined with up-regulated differentially expressed genes in NSCLC,potential target genes of circulating miR-126-3p were screened using complemen-tary sequence method.Results Based on six circulating miR datasets,the expression level of circulating miR-126-3p was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that circulating miR-126-3p had strong diagnostic efficacy(AUC＞0.5),and the comprehensive expression of circulating miR-126-3p was lower in 199 cases of NSCLC group than in the control group(SMD=-1.46).The sROC curve showed that circulating miR-126-3p distin-guished the NSCLC group from the control group with high accuracy(AUC=0.91),Egger's test showed no publication bias(P＞0.05),with sensitivity and specificity 0.80,and positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 5.37 and 0.18,respectively.In addition,a comprehensive analysis of the circulation and tissue of 1 320 NSCLC samples from 26 datasets showed that circulating miR-126-3p expression was lower in NSCLC group than in the control group(SMD=-2.07).The sROC curve showed that low-expression circu-lating miR-126-3p had high accuracy in distinguishing between the NSCLC group and the control group(AUC=0.97).In addition,potential target genes ADAM9 and SLC7A5 were screened for circulating miR-126-3p,and their expression in NSCLC group was higher than that in the control group.Conclusion Low ex-pression of circulating miR-126-3p in the circulation may be an important biomarker for high-precision screen-ing of NSCLC.

Advance care planning(ACP)is designed to ensure that patients lacking autonomous decision-making capacity receive medical services in accordance with their expectations and preferences.Individuals with advanced cancer are a crucial target for ACP implementation.However,the current practice of ACP in this group in China is suboptimal,demanding high-quality implementation evidence to strengthen ACP in the clinical practice of patients with advanced cancer.The existing literature can be summarized into 27 pieces of evidence across 7 dimensions,including initiation time,intervention content,intervention providers,intervention modalities,communication skills,outcome indicators,and environmental support.The aforementioned evidence could provide crucial support for improving ACP implementation for patients with advanced cancer.Subsequent research efforts should integrate patient preferences and explore the most suitable implementation strategies for ACP in the Chinese population with advanced cancer,considering diverse aspects such as traditional culture,ACP education and training,legislative support,and healthcare system refinement.