Colorectal cancer has an insidious onset， and some patients have already developed local invasion or metastasis at the time of diagnosis， which affects treatment strategy selection and survival prognosis. The tumor microenvironment is not only the basic condition for tumor cell survival but also the core regulatory factor driving their local invasion and distant metastasis. This article reviewed the mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine regulates the tumor microenvironment to inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis. It was found that traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients such as astragalus polysaccharides， leonurine， kaempferol， etc.， as well as traditional Chinese medicine formulas such as Jianpi jiedu formula， can inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis by regulating key links of the tumor microenvironment， including immunosuppression， inflammatory response， intestinal microecological disorder， abnormal angiogenesis， and extracellular matrix homeostasis imbalance. However， current related research was still mainly based on cell and animal experiments， with limited clinical evidence-based data， and mechanistic studies mostly focued on single signaling pathways. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies and systems biology methods to systematically elucidate the key targets and action networks through which traditional Chinese medicine regulates the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment to combat metastasis.

Background: Adrenocortical hormones, particularly 11-oxygenated androgens, are pivotal in female reproductive health and fertility. Standardized detection kits and population-specific reference intervals are lacking in China, hindering related clinical applications. Methods: A HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) pipeline was developed, rigorously validated, and applied to simultaneously quantify corticosterone, cortisone, cortisol, 18-OH cortisol, androstenedione (A4), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OH A4), dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum samples from 455 reproductive-aged women (18–45 yrs) in Guangxi, China. Age-dependent concentration trends were analyzed, and reference intervals stratified by age (2.5th to 97.5th percentiles) were established. Correlations with body-composition metrics, ethnicity, and the menstrual cycle were investigated. Results: The HPLC-MS/MS method demonstrated high precision (intra- and inter-assay CVs < 15%), accuracy, and sensitivity. All eight hormones exhibited significant age-related declines (P < 0.001 for seven hormones; P = 0.001 for 11-OH A4). Notably, 11-OH A4 levels were significantly lower in the 35–45-yr (3.05 nmol/L) and 25–34-yr (3.09 nmol/L) age groups than in the 18–24-yr (3.57 nmol/L) age group, whereas no significant difference was observed between the 35–45-yr and 25–34-yr age groups. Weak negative correlations were observed between the body mass index and corticosterone and cortisone levels, whereas ethnicity and the menstrual cycle showed no significant associations with hormone levels. Conclusions We developed an HPLC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneously quantifying eight adrenocortical hormones, including 11-OH A4, and defined age-specific reference intervals for reproductive-aged Chinese women. These findings advance the clinical utility of adrenocortical hormones in diagnosing and managing reproductive disorders.

The crosstalk among pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis has facilitated the emergence of the innovative concept of PANoptosis. As a form of immunogenic cell death, PANoptosis is closely associated with various tumors through its unique regulatory mechanisms, thereby offering novel directions and insights for tumor immunotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanistic underpinnings of PANoptosis and the current evidence regarding its role in tumor progression. Furthermore, we discuss immunotherapeutic strategies targeting PANoptosis, with the aim of transitioning the research paradigm of tumor cell death from a unimodal to a multidimensional regulatory framework, and providing new perspectives for the clinical management of malignancies.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou, so as to provide reference basis for further exploring scientifically effective prevention and control measures. Methods: Reported cases of HFMD in children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou City from 2013-2025 were selected from China disease prevention and control information system, and the incidence in different years was analyzed descriptively; the trends of the composition ratio and incidence in various age groups were analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model, spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed at the district level, and the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA) was applied to predict annual incidence rate for 2026. Results: From 2013 to 2025, the average annual reported incidence rate of HFMD among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou was 2 513.98/100 000, showing a fluctuating trend. Peaks of incidence occurred from May to July and from September to October. The male to female ratio was 1.49∶1. The average annual incidence rate was 4 743.99/100 000 in the 0-1 years age group, 3 298.19/100 000 in the 2-5 years age group, and 544.22/ 100 000 in the 6-9 years age group. Joinpoint regression analysis showed a decreasing trend in the proportion of the 0-1 years age group (APC= -6.02 %, t =-3.77) and an increasing trend in the proportion of the 6-9 years age group (APC=16.39%, t =5.67) (both P < 0.05 ). No significant global spatial clustering was observed at the district level; however, local scattered clusters were identified in certain areas. Using the SARIMA(2,0,0)(2,0,0) 12 model, the predicted annual incidence rate of HFMD among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou in 2026 was 2 680.56/100 000. Conclusions From 2013 to 2025, the annual incidence rate of HFMD among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou exhibited a fluctuating trend; the highest incidence rate is observed in the 0-1 years age group, while the proportion of cases in the 6-9 years age group increase year by year;and local spatial clusters of abnormal distribution are identified. It is essential to enhance risk monitoring and health education in key populations and areas to mitigate the risk of infection in children.

ObjectiveTo assess the predictive value of the bladder deformation index (BDI) in determining upper urinary tract (UUT) damage among patients with neurogenic bladder (NB). MethodsClinical data of 132 NB patients admitted to Beijing Bo'ai Hospital from January, 2015 to December, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into UUT damage group and normal UUT group according to the presence or absence of hydronephrosis. The demographics, biochemical parameters and video-urodynamics (VUDS) findings were collected, and BDI was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the predictive capability. ResultsThere were 54 patients in UUT damage group and 33 in normal UUT group. The course of disease, creatinine level and BDI were siginificantly different between two groups (P < 0.05), while the area under the curve were 0.686, 0.836 and 0.928, respectively. ConclusionCourse of disease, creatinine level and BDI are associated with UUT damage in NB patients, and BDI demonstrates the highest sensitivity and specificity, which may play a role in diagnosis of UUT damage.

Objective:To explore the relationship between autistic trait and pain empathy among college students, as well as the mediating role of personal pain perception.Methods:From October to December 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 195 college students using the autism spectrum quotient, pain sensitivity questionnaire, fear of pain questionnaire, pain catastrophizing scale and empathy for pain scale.SPSS 27.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.A structural equation model was constructed using Mplus 8.3 to examine the mediating effect of personal pain perception, which was composed of pain sensitivity, fear and catastrophizing cognition.Results:Autistic trait(22.00(18.00, 26.00))was significantly positively correlated with pain sensitivity (55.00(43.00, 70.00)), fair of pain (69.00(60.00, 78.00)), and pain catastrophizing cognition (16.00(8.00, 23.00)) ( r=0.112, 0.154, 0.204, all P<0.001).Autistic trait was also significantly positively correlated with affective distress(62.00(46.00, 80.00), r=0.162, P<0.001) and vicarious pain (14.00(8.00, 20.00), r=0.096, P<0.001) of pain empathy.Pain sensitivity, fear of pain and pain catastrophizing cognition were significantly positively correlated with affective distress( r=0.244, 0.332, 0.375, all P<0.001) and vicarious pain ( r=0.210, 0.232, 0.285, all P<0.001) of pain empathy.The effects of autistic trait on affective distress and vicarious pain dimensions of pain empathy were fully mediated by personal pain perception, with the mediating effects of 0.115( P<0.001, 95% CI=0.073-0.165) and 0.085( P<0.001, 95% CI=0.053-0.124). Conclusions:The autistic trait of college students can predict the affective distress and vicarious pain of pain empathy indirectly through personal pain perception.

Objective To explore the value of combining apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)heterogeneity with morphological indicators in assessing the pathological grading of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods The MRI images of 86 patients confirmed with NMIBC by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.All patients underwent T2WI,diffusion weighted ima-ging(DWI),and dynamic contrast enhancement(DCE)examinations.Two radiologists independently measured tumor largest diam-eter(LD),actual tumor-wall contact length(ACTCL),ADCmean,ADCmin,and ADCmax values.ADC heterogeneity was calculated using the formula(ADCmax-ADCmin)/ADCmean.Differences in quantitative parameters between low-and high-grade NMIBC were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test,while differences in qualitative parameters were compared using the chi-square test.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of high-grade NMIBC,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn to evaluate the performance of ADC heterogeneity combined with morphological indicators in assessing high-grade NMIBC.Results ADC heterogeneity and ACTCL were independent predictors for preoperative assessment of NMIBC pathological grading.The area under the curve(AUC)of ADC heterogeneity and ACTCL in assessing high-grade NMIBC were 0.843 and 0.744,respectively.The combined AUC was 0.902.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of ADC heterogeneity with ACTCL can effectively improve the efficiency of preoperative assessment of NMIBC pathological grading,and providing more precise clinical decision-making and prognosis monitoring.

Although percutaneous pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) has demonstrated long-term benefits in combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension, its usefulness for isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (IpcPH) remains unclear. This report presents 2 cases of IpcPH due to left heart failure who underwent PADN treatment following an insufficient response to optimized conventional therapy. This case study illustrates how PADN, when combined with heart failure guideline-directed medical therapy, may represent a promising treatment option for IpcPH.

Isolated axillary recurrence(AR)after breast cancer surgery is one of the critical factors influencing patients'prognosis.With advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques,the clinical understanding of AR has progressively deepened.However,due to the low incidence of AR,systematic studies on its clinical features remain limited.High-quality clinical trials,such as ACOSOG Z0011 and AMAROS,have demonstrated that in patients with varying statuses of sentinel lymph node,axillary lymph node dissection(ALND)and sentinel lymph node dissection(SLND)provide comparable control of AR.In recent years,the trend towards de-escalation axillary surgery has advanced the development of less invasive techniques such as targeted axillary lymph node dissection.The SOUND trial further confirmed the safety and feasibility of omitting axillary surgery in patients with tumors≤2 cm.In addition,a series of clinical studies have identified a variety of potential high-risk factors,including patient age,number of positive lymph nodes,high Ki-67 proliferation,extranodal extension,and axillary soft tissue infiltration.However,there is no broad consensus regarding the association of these factors with AR.This review comprehensively summarized the clinical characteristics,risk factors and personalized management strategies of AR,with an emphasis on the impact of different axillary surgical approaches,radiotherapy and systemic therapy on the AR risk.In addition,more high-quality clinical studies are urgently needed to further clarify prognostic factors and optimize individualized treatment strategies,so as to provide more precise management for patients.

Objective:By using cognitive interviews,the interviewees' cognition and understanding of the inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) self-efficacy scale for adolescents and young adults (IBDSES-A) were evaluated,and the semantic content of IBDSES-A,which was initially translated into Chinese,was tested and revised.Methods:Using purposive sampling,15 IBD patients aged 12-18 were selected from Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,between January and February 2025,stratified by age group and disease type.Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted.Feedback and suggestions from interviewees were analyzed using a question appraisal system for coding and integration.Based on expert panel discussions,ambiguous items were revised to finalize the Chinese version of the IBDSES-A.Results:In the first round,10 interviewees were interviewed,followed by 5 interviewees in the second round.There were no statistically significant differences ( P>0.05) between the interviewees of two rounds in terms of age,gender,and education level.During the first round of interview,interviewees expressed comprehension difficulties with 76.9% (10/13) of the items.Coding analysis revealed that the primary issue was "clarification",as unclear wording made it difficult for interviewees to fully grasp the intended meaning of certain items.Based on these findings,the expert panel revised 10 of the 13 items in the IBDSES-A.The second round of cognitive interview showed that the interviewees generally understood the revised items，achieving linguistic and semantic consistency with the original scale. Conclusion:The application of cognitive interviews in the translation process of the IBDSES-A helps reduce comprehension biases caused by inappropriate wording，ensuring that the localized version of the scale is more accessible and understandable to the target population.