Introduction: Histoplasmosis is a rare opportunistic, inhalation-acquired systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, endemic to Southeast Asia, including Malaysia. Although classically seen in immunocompromised hosts, it is increasingly reported in immunocompetent individuals. Infection is associated with environmental exposures such as bat or bird droppings and soil disruption. Histoplasmosis is a progressive granulomatous disease that can closely mimic tuberculosis and malignancy, making diagnosis challenging. Case: An 87-year-old Malay male with a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis presented with a 6-month history of intermittent fever, anorexia, weight loss, and hypotension. Initial computed tomography imaging demonstrated bilateral heterogeneous adrenal masses (right: 2.2 × 3.7 × 5.0 cm; left: 2.0 × 3.7 × 5.2 cm) with indeterminate washout characteristics. Biochemical adrenal evaluation, including a short Synacthen test, confirmed primary adrenal insufficiency. Extensive microbiological and malignancy workup, including bronchoscopy, cultures, and tumor markers, was non-diagnostic. In view of clinical deterioration and epidemiological risk, empirical antituberculous therapy was initiated; however, no clinical improvement was observed after 2 months. PET-FDG revealed intensely hypermetabolic bilateral adrenal masses (SUVmax right 16.7, left 13.2) with no other abnormal foci. Non-invasive fungal investigations were negative. Definitive diagnosis was established via computed tomography-guided adrenal biopsy, which demonstrated necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with intracellular yeasts, subsequently identified as H. capsulatum. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole and corticosteroid replacement, resulting in significant clinical improvement and planned interval radiological reassessment. Conclusion Disseminated histoplasmosis is a diagnostic challenge, particularly in frail elderly patients, where invasive procedures may be delayed. It can mimic tuberculosis and malignancy and may lack an identifiable exposure history. Non-invasive tests may be inconclusive, making tissue biopsy essential. Adrenal involvement may result in primary adrenal insufficiency, further complicating the clinical picture. Early consideration and timely confirmation are crucial for appropriate management.
Adrenal incidentaloma ; Lung Neoplasms

Introduction: Carbimazole is a first-line therapy for thyrotoxicosis and is generally well tolerated. Drug-induced liver injury is rare (<1%) and typically presents as cholestatic hepatotoxicity, in contrast to propylthiouracil, which more commonly causes hepatocellular injury. Clinical presentation may mimic obstructive jaundice, and delayed recognition can lead to unnecessary investigations and interruption of definitive thyroid management. : A 70-year-old female with toxic multinodular goiter developed painless jaundice 4 weeks after starting carbimazole 20 mg daily for thyrotoxicosis precipitated by urinary tract infection. She had no prior liver disease or alcohol exposure. Examination revealed isolated icterus without features of chronic liver disease. Initial thyroid function tests showed suppressed thyroidstimulating hormone (<0.01 mIU/L) with markedly elevated free T4 (>100 pmol/L), improving after 4 weeks (free T4 29.1 pmol/L). She subsequently developed progressive jaundice without abdominal pain, fever, pruritus, or encephalopathy. Liver biochemistry demonstrated a cholestatic pattern (R factor 1.1) with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (peak bilirubin 227 µmol/L), mild transaminitis, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Imaging, including hepatobiliary ultrasonography, contrast computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound, excluded biliary obstruction. Viral, autoimmune, and structural causes were negative. Carbimazole-induced cholestatic jaundice was diagnosed based on temporal association and exclusion of alternatives. Carbimazole was discontinued, ursodeoxycholic acid was initiated, and radioactive iodine therapy was performed, followed by gradual recovery. Conclusion Carbimazole-induced hepatotoxicity (0.1–0.2%) is likely idiosyncratic and not dose dependent. Differentiating drug-induced liver injury from thyrotoxicosis-related liver dysfunction is critical, as restoration of euthyroidism alone may normalize liver enzymes. Diagnosis relies on the exclusion of obstruction and recognition of drug chronology. Early drug withdrawal and multidisciplinary management are essential to prevent progression while ensuring timely definitive therapy.
Thyrotoxicosis ; Cholestasis

Mushrooms are a very versatile cooking ingredient as they are loved for their delicious and meat-like texture. In the South-East Asian region, most tropical countries have a wide range of mushrooms in all shapes and sizes; they can be edible, have medicinal and industrial values, and some are even poisonous. Mushroom poisoning is regularly mistaken for common food poisoning presented with acute gastroenteritis symptoms. To date, in Malaysia, for instance, less than 100 cases of Chlorophyllum molybdites poisoning were reported, mostly mimicking acute gastroenteritis symptoms of diarrhoea, nausea, and abdominal pain. We report successful management of a couple who were diagnosed to have Chlorophyllum molybdites poisoning.