Objective:To explore the feasibility of endoscopic-assisted resection of congenital first and second branchial cleft malformations in children via the external fistula incision approach. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 children with congenital first and second branchial cleft malformations who were admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Hu'nan Children's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2024 and whose families voluntarily consented to endoscopic surgery. Clinical data were collected. There were 12 males and 8 females, aged from 10 months to 12 years. The surgical methods and experiences of endoscopic-assisted resection of congenital first and second branchial cleft malformations in children via the external fistula incision approach were summarized. Results:All 20 children underwent endoscopic-assisted resection of congenital first and second branchial cleft malformations via the external fistula incision approach. For children with second branchial cleft malformations whose internal fistula openings were located on the pharyngeal arch mucosa or palatine tonsils, the tonsils were preserved, the internal fistula openings were ligated at a high position, the fistula tubes were removed, and the residual ends were cauterized with bipolar electrocoagulation to destroy the residual fistula epithelial cells. There were no obvious complications after the operation. During the 12-month follow-up, no recurrence of the fistula tubeswas observed, and the recovery was good. Conclusion:Congenital first and second branchial cleft fistulas in children are rare, and surgical resection is the preferred treatment method. The endoscopic-assisted resection of congenital first and second branchial cleft malformations in children via the fistula incision approach offers a clear surgical field, an ideal cosmetic effect, and a satisfactory curative effect.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Branchial Region/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Child ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Fistula/surgery* ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Pharyngeal Diseases

Occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning incidents have been effectively curtailed in traditional printing and footwear industries, but its hazards are emerging in new industries. In recent years, two cluster incidents involving eight patients with occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning had occurred in Longgang District, Shenzhen City. Unlike the cleaning processes of electronic components in the electronics industry, these two incidents occurred during cleaning operations of non-electronic products. The rapid on-site detection tubes indicated the presence of n-hexane in the organic solvents used at the work site, and subsequent analysis of volatile components of the organic solvents further confirmed the involvement of n-hexane. Although the n-hexane exposure concentration of short term in the workplace air samples were below its occupational exposure limit, all eight cases were diagnosed as occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning, based on occupational exposure history, clinical manifestations, field investigations, and laboratory test results. These two poisoning incidents highlight that in air-conditioned or enclosed workshops with substandard occupational disease prevention facilities, the use of n-hexane containing organic solvents may result in occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning, even when the air monitoring results do not exceed the occupational exposure limits.

Objective: To analyze the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-management behaviors on the relationship between depression symptoms and glycemic control among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide references for optimizing health management of elderly T2DM patients. Methods: T2DM patients aged ≥60 years from 8 community health service centers in Nanjing City were selected using a convenience sampling method. Basic information such as gender and age was collected through questionnaires. Depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Diabetes Self-Management Behavior Scale, respectively. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured to evaluate glycemic control. A mediating effect model was constructed to analyze the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-management behaviors on the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. Results: A total of 567 elderly T2DM patients were included, with a median age of 70.00 (interquartile range, 7.50) years. There were 248 males (43.74%) and 319 females (56.26%). The median scores of self-efficacy, self-management behaviors, depressive symptoms, and HbA1c were 3.89 (interquartile range, 0.78), 4.45 (interquartile range, 1.55), 4.00 (interquartile range, 6.00), and 6.80% (interquartile range, 1.40%), respectively. The mediating effect analysis showed that depressive symptoms indirectly affected glycemic control among elderly T2DM patients through the independent mediating effects of self-efficacy (β=0.028, 95%CI: 0.016-0.043) and self-management behaviors (β=0.009, 95%CI: 0.003-0.016), as well as the chain mediating effect of both (β=0.025, 95%CI: 0.017-0.035). The mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-management behaviors accounted for 36.66% and 11.35% of the total effect, respectively, while the chain mediating effect accounted for 32.15% of the total effect. Conclusion Self-efficacy and self-management behaviors play mediating roles in the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control among elderly T2DM patients.

Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted much attention because of their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. The microbial reduction of selenium salts to SeNPs has great potential, while there is a lack of elite strains. In this study, we explored the reduction of Na₂SeO₃ by Streptomyces avermitilis into SeNPs. The colonies and hyphae of the strain and the synthesized SeNPs were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the same time, the inhibitory activity of SeNPs on Fusarium oxysporum, the main pathogen causing root rot of Lycium barbarum, was studied. The results showed that S. avermitilis converted Na₂SeO₃ into SeNPs and tolerated 300 mmol/L Na₂SeO₃, demonstrating strong tolerance. S. avermitilis synthesized spherical SeNPs in the cytoplasm, and most of SeNPs had a diameter of about 100 nm and were released by hyphal fracture. The SeNPs synthesized by S. avermitilis were amorphous, and their surfaces were dominated by C and Se, with the existence of O, N and other elements. SeNPs had functional groups such as -OH, C=O, C-N, and C-H, which were closely related to the stability and biological activity of SeNPs. The SeNPs synthesized by S. avermitilis showcased significant inhibitory activity on F. oxysporum, and 25.0 μmol/mL SeNPs showcased the inhibition rate of 77.61% and EC₅₀ of 0.556 μmol/mL. In conclusion, S. avermitilis can tolerate high Na₂SeO₃ stress and mediate the synthesis of SeNPs. The synthesized SeNPs have good stability and strong inhibitory activity, demonstrating the potential application value in the preparation of SeNPs and the control of L. barbarum root rot.
Streptomyces/metabolism* ; Fusarium/drug effects* ; Lycium/microbiology* ; Selenium/metabolism* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*

This paper summarized the clinical experience of professor XUAN Guowei in treating non-specific vulvitis from spleen. He believes that the core pathological mechanism of this condition lies in spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation； in the acute phase， spleen deficiency is taken as the root cause and damp-heat toxins accumulated in the vulva as the key； in the chronic phase， spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation is the main pathogenesis， accompanied by kidney deficiency. In clinical practice， the basic method of fortifying spleen and eliminating dampness is used， and self-made Jianpi Shenshi Formula （健脾渗湿方） is recommended as the basic prescription. During the acute phase， the medicinals of clearing heat and resolving toxins are supplemented， while during the chronic phase， medicinals aims at fortifying the spleen and consolidating the kidneys， boosting qi and nourishing yin are added. Simultaneously， there is an emphasis on integrated treatment combining internal and external treatment， and both Chinese and western medicine， and he highlights the importance of daily prevention and care for patients. Additionally， external used Xiaoyan Zhiyang Cream （消炎止痒霜） is created.

A portable washing device for eyes in on-site treatment was designed to be used in emergent event,so as to effectively respond to the needs of injury condition of on-site eye contamination,emergency rescue and other cure.The portable washing device for eyes designed in this study consists of an ophthalmic first-aid washing kit,an ocular electronic cleaning instrument and a washing needle for puncture in anterior chamber.The first-aid washing kit is equipped with a case and a protective cover,and the case is capable of storing spare first-aid medicines and instruments.It is possible to quickly check whether the medicines and instruments are all in readiness in the case through the transparently protective cover of the first-aid washing kit.The simple and convenient operation of this device can realize self-rescue operation of washing both eyes'conjunctival sacs at the same time by single person.This washing device not only can wash conjunctival sac on the contaminated ocular surface,but also can complete cleaning function for poison in the anterior chamber,and can real-timely monitor the acid-base value of the anterior chamber by using the measuring valve in the cavity of the ophthalmic electronic cleaning instrument.This washing device designed in this study is a highly practical toolkit specially designed for dealing with first-aid situations of eyes,which has many advantages include meeting the basic functions of emergency medical rescue for required nuclear and chemical injuries in daily training and support,emergency rescue and disaster relief,as well as defense and service support in wartime,and raising the emphasis of people to first-aid for eyes,and providing timely rescue for eyes.This device has a favorable value of conversion and promotion.

Humans ; Bacteremia ; Cross Infection ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tertiary Care Centers ; China

OBJECTIVE To explore dianhydrogalactitol(DAG)-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity and mechanisms in zebrafish embryos and larvae. METHODS On the basis of general toxicity evaluation, zebrafish embryos were exposed to DAG in groups, and the effects of DAG on zebrafish nerves and behaviors were observed by means of autonomic locomotor response and light stimulation response of juvenile fish; the effects of DAG on zebrafish brain tissues were observed by means of histopathological examination of brain and acridine orange staining. The relative expression of dopamine neuron-related genes(DAT, TH, GCH1) and neural inhibition/promotion of apoptosis-related genes(Bax, Bcl-2) was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in zebrafish larvae. RESULTS DAG inhibited the voluntary movement of zebrafish under the 20, 40, 75 mg·L-1, and the inhibition rate of voluntary movement showed obvious concentration correlation; DAG inhibited the reaction speed of zebrafish under the 20, 40, 75 mg·L-1, and the rate of decrease of reaction ability showed concentration correlation; the brain tissue became smaller, but the tissue structure of zebrafish did not show any significant abnormality in the various concentration groups of DAG; acridine orange staining was used to detect the apoptosis of the overall embryonic cells of zebrafish, and it was found that the administration of DAG inhibited the apoptosis of zebrafish. Acridine orange staining was used to detect apoptosis in the whole embryonic cells of zebrafish, and it was found that the green fluorescence in the head of the administered group was more obvious than that in the control group, indicating that apoptosis increased, and apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner, which was in accordance with the apparent observation; DAG in 75, 150, 300, 425, 600 mg·L-1 of the experimental condition could lead to a downward regulation of the relative expression of mRNA of the genes related to the zebrafish juvenile dopaminergic neuron, DAT, TH and GCH1. The Bax/Bcl-2 relative mRNA expression was up-regulated with increasing drug concentration. CONCLUSION The neurodevelopmental toxicity of DAG in zebrafish embryos and juveniles may be related to the inhibition of dopaminergic neurons.

Objective The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) method was used to observe brain activity and its functional connection upon electroacupuncture stimulation at bilateral uterine acupoints (EX-CA1), as well as to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Methods Twenty-two healthy female subjects were stimulated by electroacupuncture at bilateral uterine acupoints; rs-fMRI data of the brain were acquired and standardized. Degree centrality (DC), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were used to analyze local spontaneous brain activity via acupuncture. An independent component analysis was used to evaluate the functional connectivity of the resting brain networks after acupuncture. Results Analytical results showed that the neural activity intensity of the precuneus lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, lingual gyrus, amygdala, and posterior central gyrus decreased after acupuncture (voxel P < 0.001, cluster P < 0.05). Functional connectivity analysis revealed weakened auditory and right frontal-parietal networks (voxel P < 0.001, cluster P < 0.05), enhanced visual network (voxel P < 0.001, cluster P < 0.05), and synergistic auditory network and hypothalamic-pituitary system. Conclusion Significant differences in neural activity and functional connectivity in specific brain regions were observed after acupuncture intervention at uterine acupoints; the hypothalamic-pituitary system also showed various active states in different brain regions. It is speculated that the effective mechanism of acupuncture at uterine acupoints is related to the regulation of reproductive hormones, emotional changes, and somatic sensations. Therefore, the methods used in this study could clarify the neural mechanism of uterine-point acupuncture in the treatment of gynecological diseases and may serve as a reference for other studies pertaining to acupuncture.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of pitavastatin comparison of atorvastatin in the treatment of primary hypedipemia in Chinese adults,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang database,and manually search Google Scholar,Baidu academic search engine,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about pitavastatin (trial group) vs.atorvastatin (control group) in the treatment of primary hyperlipemia in Chinese adults were collected.After literature screening,data extraction,quality evaluation of included studies with modified Jadad scale,Meta-analysis of the levels of total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),response rate and the incidence of ADR was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software.RESULTS:A total of 5 RCTs were included,involving 456 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that the decrease of TC level [MD=0.09,95％CI(0.01,0.16),P=0.03] in trial group was more better than control group,while the increase of HDL-C level [MD=0.08,95％ CI (0.01,0.14),P=0.03] and the decrease of the TG level [MD=-0.13,95％ CI (-0.20,-0.06),P=0.000 4] in trial group were worse than control group,with statistical significance.There was no statistical difference in the decrease of LDL-C[MD=-0.01,95％ CI (-0.13,0.10),P=0.84],response rate [OR=0.75,95％CI (0.15,3.66),P=0.72] or the incidence of ADR [OR=0.68,95 ％ CI (0.44,1.05),P=0.08] between 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Pitavastatin has better therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TC,but its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing LDL-C is similar to that of atorvastatin;its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TG and increasing HDL-C is worse than that of atorvastatin.The safety of them is equivalent.