Central venous lesions are challenging in the maintenance of hemodialysis vascular access, with endovascular therapy as the preferred treatment. Coated stent grafts, with superior primary patency rates and the ability to mitigate the risk of vascular rupture and bleeding, have become one of the clinical options. However, they pose a risk of occluding important tributary veins. This report describes a case of right innominate vein occlusion treated with a small-caliber coated stent graft, resulting in postoperative symptoms of intracranial venous hypertension. This case highlights the need to pay attention to neurological symptoms caused by central venous lesions and conduct a more meticulous assessment of contralateral venous return before placing coated stent grafts, to avoid irreversible neurological symptoms.

Central venous lesions are challenging in the maintenance of hemodialysis vascular access, with endovascular therapy as the preferred treatment. Coated stent grafts, with superior primary patency rates and the ability to mitigate the risk of vascular rupture and bleeding, have become one of the clinical options. However, they pose a risk of occluding important tributary veins. This report describes a case of right innominate vein occlusion treated with a small-caliber coated stent graft, resulting in postoperative symptoms of intracranial venous hypertension. This case highlights the need to pay attention to neurological symptoms caused by central venous lesions and conduct a more meticulous assessment of contralateral venous return before placing coated stent grafts, to avoid irreversible neurological symptoms.

An antibody-drug conjugate(ADC)is a targeted therapeutic drug composed of a monoclonal antibody linked to a small-molecule cytotoxic drug via a linker.Once administered,ADCs bind to tumor-specific antigens,forming ADC-antigen complexes,which are internalized through endocytosis.The linkers are then cleaved via endosomal-lysosome pathway and the cytotoxic drug is released,which induces apoptosis in the target cells.ADCs combine the advantages of monoclonal antibody drugs and cytotoxic drugs.They are able to reduce damage to normal cells while killing target cells,thus exhibiting higher anti-tumor efficiency.As the treatment of hematological malignancies gradually advances into the era of targeted immunotherapy,ADCs,as one of the hot spots,have shown broad prospects and also face many challenges in drug development and clinical application.Currently marketed ADCs in China include brentuximab vedotin(anti-CD30),inotuzumab ozogamicin(anti-CD22)and polatuzumab vedotin(anti-CD79B),while those marketed abroad include gemtuzumab ozogamicin(anti-CD33)and loncastuximab tesirine(anti-CD19),all demonstrating good efficacy and safety in clinical practice.Additionally,ADCs targeting different antigens such as CD123,CD19,CD20,receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1(ROR1),and CD38 are undergoing clinical studies.Globally,there are over a hundred ADCs in development,and it is hoped that more breakthroughs will be achieved in the future to further optimize the treatment strategies for hematologic malignancies.

An antibody-drug conjugate(ADC)is a targeted therapeutic drug composed of a monoclonal antibody linked to a small-molecule cytotoxic drug via a linker.Once administered,ADCs bind to tumor-specific antigens,forming ADC-antigen complexes,which are internalized through endocytosis.The linkers are then cleaved via endosomal-lysosome pathway and the cytotoxic drug is released,which induces apoptosis in the target cells.ADCs combine the advantages of monoclonal antibody drugs and cytotoxic drugs.They are able to reduce damage to normal cells while killing target cells,thus exhibiting higher anti-tumor efficiency.As the treatment of hematological malignancies gradually advances into the era of targeted immunotherapy,ADCs,as one of the hot spots,have shown broad prospects and also face many challenges in drug development and clinical application.Currently marketed ADCs in China include brentuximab vedotin(anti-CD30),inotuzumab ozogamicin(anti-CD22)and polatuzumab vedotin(anti-CD79B),while those marketed abroad include gemtuzumab ozogamicin(anti-CD33)and loncastuximab tesirine(anti-CD19),all demonstrating good efficacy and safety in clinical practice.Additionally,ADCs targeting different antigens such as CD123,CD19,CD20,receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1(ROR1),and CD38 are undergoing clinical studies.Globally,there are over a hundred ADCs in development,and it is hoped that more breakthroughs will be achieved in the future to further optimize the treatment strategies for hematologic malignancies.

Objective To observe the effects of soybean isoflavone in attenuating trans fatty acids-induced athero-sclerosis in rats .Methods The rats were randomly divided into normal diet group、trans fatty acids group、soybean isoflavone group and trans fatty acids +soybean isoflavone group .Research kit was used to test the amounts of TG , HDL,LDL and IL-6,TNF-αin rats'blood.Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured and divided into control group,trans fatty acids group and trans fatty acids group +soybean isoflavone group .Western blot was performed to test the NF-κB phosphorylation ,as well as to determine ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein contents in bovine aortic endo-thelial cells.Results Compared with normal diet group ,the amounts of TG,LDL,IL-6,TNF-αincreased evidently (P<0.05), whereas the amounts of HDL decreased evidently (P<0.05) in the rats'blood of trans fatty acids group . After the soybean isoflavone intervened ,the amounts of TG,LDL,IL-6,TNF-αall decreased (P<0.01), meanwhile the amounts of HDL increased significantly (P<0.01).Soybean isoflavone inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation induced by trans fatty acids ( P<0.01) .The high expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by trans fatty acids was de-creased by soybean isoflavone when comparing with those in the control group ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions Soybean isoflavone has a role in attenuating trans fatty acids trans fatty acids-induced atherosclerosis in rats .