Chemotherapy is an important treatment for tumors， but most patients experience varying degrees of chemotherapy- induced myelosuppression. Four properties theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in improving chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. The monomers from TCM with different properties and flavors， such as cold-natured （e.g. Scutellaria baicalensis， Rhus chinensis）， cool-natured （e.g. Ligustrum lucidum， Ophiopogon japonicus）， warm-natured （e.g. Panax ginseng， Epimedium brevicornu， Curcuma longa， Angelica sinensis）， hot-natured （e.g. Cinnamomum cassia， Aconitum carmichaeli）， and neutral-natured （e. g. donkey-hide gelatin， Lycium barbarum， Rhodiola rosea， fungi）， can exert anti- myelosuppressive effects by reducing damage to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells， improving the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment， inhibiting the oxidative stress response， regulating signaling pathways， so as to ultimately repaire inflammatory damage and improve hematopoietic function， thereby playing an anti-myelosuppressive role.

The rapid screening of bioactive constituents within traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) presents a significant challenge to researchers. Prevailing strategies for the screening of active components in TCM often overlook trace components owing to their concealment by more abundant constituents. To address this limitation, a fishing strategy based on offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) combined with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was utilized to screen bioactive trace components targeting peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), using Uncaria alkaloids (UAs) as a case study. Initially, an orthogonal preparative offline 2D-LC system combining a positively charged C₁₈ column and a conventional C₁₈ column under disparate mobile phase conditions was constructed. To fully reveal the trace alkaloids, 13 2D fractions of UAs were prepared, and their components were characterized using mass spectrometry (MS). Subsequently, employing PRDX3 as the targeting protein, a SPR-based screening approach was established and rigorously validated with geissoschizine methyl ether (GSM) serving as a positive control for binding. Employing this refined strategy, 29 candidate binding alkaloids were fished from the 13 2D fractions. Notably, combining offline 2D-LC with SPR increased the yield of candidate binding components from 10 to 29 when compared to SPR-based screening alone. Subsequent binding affinity assays confirmed that PRDX3 was a direct binding target for the 12 fished alkaloids, with isovallesiachotamine (IV), corynoxeine N-oxide (CO-N), and cadambine (CAD) demonstrating the highest affinity for PRDX3. Their interactions were further validated through molecular docking analysis. Subsequent intracellular H₂O₂ measurement assays and transfection experiments confirmed that these three trace alkaloids enhanced PRDX3-mediated H₂O₂ clearance. In conclusion, this study introduced an innovative strategy for the identification of active trace components in TCM. This approach holds promise for accelerating research on medicinal components within this field.

This paper explained the etiology and mechanism of atrial fibrillation based on the theory of "deficiency qi stagnation" for directing the treatment. It is believed that “deficiency qi” is the root of atrial fibrillation， which can be divided into deficiency of pectoral qi in heart and lungs of the upper jiao， deficiency of center qi in spleen and stomach of the middle jiao， and deficiency of original qi in kidney of the lower jiao， and stagnation of stasis， phlegm dampness， cold dampness and other pathogenic qi as the pathological basis of atrial fibrillation， which lead to the development of atrial fibrillation by constraint to heat， or stagnation of cold and dampness， or pathogens stagnation in heart and lung. The therapeutic principles is to supplement deficiency and remove stagnation， and Qingliang Buqi Tiaomai Decoction （清凉补气调脉汤） is often used to supplement the center and boost qi， rectify qi and unblock vessels； Qingliang Huashi Tiaomai Decoction （清凉化湿调脉汤） is often used to strengthen the middle and remove phlegm， dry dampness and unblock vessels； Ziyang Wenhua Tiaomai Decoction （滋养温化调脉汤） is often used to bank up original qi， supplement yin and tonify yang， dissipate cold and unblock vessels.

Myocardial fibrosis is characterized by pathological remodeling of extracellular matrix,which is a common pathological change during the development of various cardiovascular diseases.Qi transformation dysfunction in the zang-fu organs,subtle substance accumulation,and endogenous turbid evil production lead to the occurrence of diseases.The theory of turbid blood is widely used to elucidate the pathological changes of diseases and guide the prevention and treatment.Turbid blood,as a special pathogenic factor and pathological product,plays a crucial role in the oxidative stress process of myocardial fibrosis.Qi deficiency of the heart and spleen,stagnation of turbid blood,impaired blood circulation in the heart,and the inability to maintain the oxidative-reductive system balance of myocardial cells are the root causes of disease onset.Accumulation of turbid blood,intermingled phlegm and blood stasis,blockage of heart vessels,and accumulation of metabolic waste products contribute to disease progression.Prolonged turbidity accumulation leads to cardiac enlargement,scattered mental state,and pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix,indicating a severe disease stage.Early treatment focuses on strengthening the vital qi and spleen,reducing turbidity and recovering clarity.In the middle stage,the key is to resolve phlegm,eliminate stasis,and promote clarity while removing turbidity.In the late stage,detoxification,turbidity elimination,and restoring clarity are emphasized.By adhering to the characteristics of the pathological mechanism and using traditional Chinese medicine intervention,it is possible to suppress oxidative stress,prevent pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix,and improve myocardial fibrosis.

The role of photoplethysmography(PPG)in the functional assessment of the cardiovascular system at home and abroad was summarized to provide theoretical references and lessons for the medical application of PPG and innovative research.Currently,functional assessment indices such as heart rate,heart rhythm,blood pressure,and volume can be analyzed from PPG signals,which can also assist in identifying and diagnosing abnormal blood pressure,diabetes mellitus,cardiac arrhythmia,sleep apnea syndrome,early ischemic shock,and other diseases.However,the accuracy and precision of PPG,data interpretation and standardization,waveform analysis,and clinical applications remain controversial.PPG has been widely used in medical and scientific research to effectively assess the functional status of the cardiovascular system and assist in diagnosing various diseases.In the future,PPG is expected to show a multipath development trend in high-precision,multi-parameter,noncontact,remote monitoring,and medical treatment.

Objective To construct the triple pre-rehabilitation program for the patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy to provide a theoretical basis for the preoperative management of this operation mode.Methods The raft plan was formed by the literature research and group discussion,then the experts were invited to conduct the two rounds of expert consultation,and the final draft of the plan was finally formed.Results The draft plan included the 3 first-level items,9 second-level items and 28 third-level items.The questionnaire recovery rate of the two rounds of expert correspondence was 100%,and the authority coef-ficients were 0.88 and 0.93,respectively.The mean importance and feasibility scores of each item in the two rounds of expert consultation were ≥3.5,and the coefficient of variation was<0.25.The first draft of the final formation plan included the 3 first-level items,9 second-level items and 31 third-level items.Conclusion This program has ne-cessity,scientificity and feasibility.Clarifying the specific contents and scope of preoperative management of this operation mode could provide a theoretical basis for medical staff to carry out pre-rehabilitation.

Biochemical indicators of bone metabolism may change at the initial stage of type 2 diabetes, and the risk of osteoporosis and fracture in patients is significantly increased compared with normal people. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and degeneration of bone tissue microstructure, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. The main mechanism of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance (IR). A large number of clinical studies have shown that there is a relationship between insulin resistance and osteoporosis. There is a close association between miR-155 in microRNAs (miRNAs) and IR. At present, studies have found that the increased expression of miR-155 can improve insulin sensitivity, and IR is a potential mechanism leading to diabetes induced osteoporosis. However, although the risk of osteoporosis or fracture in type 2 diabetes patients increases, their bone mineral density (BMD) values are still normal or even slightly increased. Therefore, at present, the relevant mechanism of osteoporosis fracture in type 2 diabetes cannot be fully explained by BMD alone. This article mainly reviews the progress of the relationship between miR-155 and osteoporosis in type 2 diabetes patients.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution increases mortality among older adults, particularly those residing in low-level air pollution locations, remains scarce. This study investigated the potential links between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and mortality among Chinese older adults. METHODS: A population-based study with 317,464 individuals aged ≥ 65 years was conducted in Shenzhen, China during 2018 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and all-cause mortality, as the primary outcome, as well as non-accidental, cancer and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: Significant associations of PM ₁, PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, SO ₂, CO, and O ₃ exposures with a higher risk of all-cause mortality were found. Adjusted odds ratio ( OR) for each 1 µg/m ³ increment was 1.49 [95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.46, 1.53] for PM ₁, 1.30 (1.27, 1.32) for PM _2.5, 1.05 (1.04, 1.06) for PM ₁₀, 5.84 (5.39, 6.32) for SO ₂, 1.04 (1.04, 1.05) for CO, and 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) for O ₃, respectively. Long-term PM ₁, PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, SO ₂, and CO exposures also elevated the risks of non-accidental, cancer and cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION Long-term low-level air pollution exposure was associated with an increased mortality risk among Chinese older adults.
Humans ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality* ; Mortality ; Neoplasms/mortality* ; East Asian People

Cathartic colon （CC） is a common and refractory digestive system disease， with the pathogenesis not fully clarified. The effective therapies other than laxatives and surgery remain to be developed for CC. Therefore， establishing the CC animal models that fit the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important link to promote the research on this disease. The fitting degree of animal models with the latest Chinese and western medical diagnostic criteria is an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the animal models in simulating the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of TCM. The literature review showed that the model animals， drugs and their dosage forms， doses， administration methods， and modeling period of CC varied in different studies， and the available CC animal models presented different fitting degrees with the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of TCM. Rats were the preferred animals for the modeling of CC. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma preparations were commonly used for model inducing， which， however， may cause water electrolyte disorders， decreased immunity， and even death of animals at the late stage of modeling. The animals were modeled by gradually increasing the starting dose， while the starting dose and increasing dose varied. The maintenance dose was determined based on 50% of the animals having loose stools， and the end for a cycle was determined as the time when loose stools disappeared in 80% of animals. The modeling always lasted for 2-3 cycles， approximately 2-4 months. The CC models established with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma granules and rhein had high fitting degrees with the disease and syndrome characteristics. In addition， the CC animal models of TCM syndromes were still in the exploration stage. There were only the animal models of four TCM syndromes： liver depression and spleen deficiency， both Qi and Yin deficiency， Qi stagnation and blood stasis， and spleen and kidney deficiency. Efforts should be made to establish the animal models that meet the characteristics of disease of western medicine and syndromes of TCM， so as to facilitate the research on CC mechanism and drug development.

21-hydroxylase deficiency(21-OHD) is mainly characterized by cortisol deficiency with or without aldosterone deficiency and hyperandrogenemia.The disease requires lifelong exogenous glucocorticoid/salt supplementation.Excessive doses of exogenous glucocorticoids are often needed to control hyperandrogenemia, but the effect is not satisfactory.Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor antagonist can directly block the production of adrenocorticotropin, inhibit the generation of adrenogenic androgen, reduce the dose of glucocorticoid therapy, and thus lower the incidence of adverse reactions.In this article, the current research progress on 21-OHD therapy and CRF1 receptor antagonist was reviewed.