Aim To explore the mechanism of Bushen Tongfu decoction(BSTF)improving the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice.Methods The APP/PS1 mice were administered by BSTF for eight weeks.The spatial learning and memory ability of all mice were detected by Morris water maze.The changes in the intestinal microbiota and gut metabolites of mice were detected by 16S rDNA and LC-MS/MS technolo-gy.Results Compared with the model group,the es-cape latency and swimming path in BSTF-H,BSTF-M and BSTF-L groups were shortened and the times of target crossings after removing the platform increased significantly(P＜0.01).The 16S rDNA results showed that BSTF could increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria of Firmicutes and reduce the abun-dance of harmful bacteria of Bacteroidota in APP/PS1 mice.A total of 25 differential metabolites were identi-fied by LC-MS/MS,including sphingolipid metabo-lism,lysine metabolism and tyrosine metabolism.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of BSTF was mainly through inflammation-related signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathways and Apelin pathways.Conclusions The mechanism of BSTF im-proving the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice may be related to the improvement of intestinal flora composition,the effect of sphingolipid metabo-lism,lysine metabolism and tyrosine metabolism and the regulation of inflammation-related signaling path-ways such as NF-κB and Apelin pathways.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and influence of co-mutated gene on acute myeloid leukemia patients(AML)with FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3(FLT3)mutations.Methods:A total of 273 FLT3+AML patients were enrolled,and the co-mutation gene data of the patients were collected to further analyze the prognosis of the patients.FLT3 and other common mutations were quantified by PCR amplification products direct sequencing and second-generation sequencing(NGS).Results:When patients were divided into FLT3 ITD+,FLT3 TKD+,FLT3 ITD++TKD+and FLT3 ITD-+TKD-group according to the type of FLT3 mutations,it was found that the frequencies of TET2,GATA2,NRAS and ASXL1 mutation were significantly different among the 4 groups(all P＜0.05).When patients were divided into allelic ratio(AR)≥0.5 and＜0.5 group,it was found that the frequencies of FLT3 ITD+,FLT3 ITD-+TKD-,NPM1,NRAS and C-kit were significantly different between the two groups(all P＜0.05).When patients were divided into normal and abnormal karyotype group,it was found that the frequencies of FLT3 ITD+,FLT3 TKD+,NPM1,GATA2 and C-kit were significantly different between the two groups(all P＜0.05).The median overall survival(OS)of AML patients with FLT3 TKD+(including FLT3 ITD++TKD+)was longer than that of patients with FLT3 ITD+alone(P＜0.05).The OS and relapse-free survival(RFS)of AML patients with FLT3++TET2+were both shorter than those of patients with FLT3++TET2-(both P＜0.05).Conclusion:The mutation frequencies of co-mutated genes are correlated with subtypes of FLT3,karyotype and AR.AML patients with FLT3 TKD+have longer OS than patients with FLT3 ITD+alone,and patients with co-mutation of TET2 have shorter median OS and RFS.

AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe on renal AIM 2-mediated pyroptosis of a golden hamster model of diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS Fifty male golden hamsters of SPF grade were randomly divided into the control group and the model group.The golden hamsters of the model group successfully developed into DN models by feeding of high glucose and high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ were further randomly assigned into the model group,the enagliflozin group(10 mg/kg),and the low-dose and the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe groups(12.8,25.6 g/kg)for 8 weeks gavage of the corresponding administration.The golden hamsters had their levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,and Sur detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;their serum SOD activity and MDA level detected by biochemical method;their serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-α detected by ELISA method;their pathomorphological changes of kidney tissue observed by HE and PAS staining;their protein expressions of ROS and γH2AX detected by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry;and their renal protein expressions of AIM 2,caspase-1 and GSDMD detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group showed atrophic glomeruli;enlarged glomerular capsule cavity;mesangial expansion;edema and necrosis in the dilated renal tubules;increased levels of fasting blood glucose,24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.01);and decreased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the high-dose Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe group and the enagliflozin group displayed improved renal histopathology,decreased levels of 24 h-UTP,serum TC,LDL-C,Scr,Sur,IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α,MDA and renal protein expressions of ROS,γH2AX,AIM2,caspase-1,GSDMD(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased serum SOD activity(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Shenxiao Jiedu Tongluo Recipe can inhibit AIM 2-mediated cell death and alleviate renal inflammatory damage in golden hamsters by inhibiting their expression of ROS-dsDNA-AIM 2 signal pathway to attain reduction of their renal ROS level,DNA damage of renal intrinsic cells,and synthesis of AIM 2 inflammatory corpuscles as well.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effect of cognitively engaging physical activity (CEPA) on executive function of children and adolescents. MethodsLiteratures in Chinese and English were retrieved from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, EBSCO and CNKI, from the establishment to November 30th, 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literatures that met the requirements were screened, and their quality was evaluated and systematically reviewed. ResultsA total of 15 literatures were included, published between 2014 and 2023, from eight countries, involving 1 806 subjects aged four to 16 years. The average score of PEDro scale was 6.6. The intensity of the CEPA intervention ranged from 64% to 93% HR_max, the duration of a single session ranged from ten to 60 minutes, and the frequency of the intervention was two to five sessions a week, for four to 24 weeks. Specific forms of CEPA included football, basketball and floorball combined with cognitive tasks; running, jumping, squatting, sitting, spinning and balancing combined with cognitive tasks; and exergaming combined with cognitive tasks. Eleven researches showed positive effects of CEPA intervention on at least one component of executive function. However, six of the seven researches involving working memory failed to verify the positive effects. Twelve researches compared the intervention effects of CEPA and rutine exercise or regular physical education classes, and nine researches found that CEPA was more effective on executive function. ConclusionThe CEPA is effective on the executive function of children and adolescents, specifically on cognitive flexibility; it shows inconsistent effects on inhibitory control, and its effect on working memory has not been verified. The intervention types of CEPA are divided into ball games combined with cognitive tasks, basic motor skills training combined with cognitive tasks, and exergaming combined with cognitive tasks.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, treatment, and survival outcomes of Swyer syndrome with gonadal non-dysgerminoma malignant germ cell tumor (MGCT-NDG). Methods: A retrospective study was performed on Swyer syndrome patients with MGCT-NDG between January 2011 and December 2022 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital to investigate their characteristics and outcomes. Results: A total of 15 patients (4.9%, 15/307) with Swyer syndrome were identified in 307 MGCT-NDG patients. The average age at diagnosis of MGCT-NDG and Swyer syndrome were (16.8±6.7) and (16.7±6.6) years, respectively. Six cases were preoperatively diagnosed as Swyer syndrome, of which 4 cases received bilateral gonadectomy with or without hysterectomy, while the other 2 cases underwent removal of gonadal tumor and unilateral gonadectomy with hysterectomy, respectively. Of the 9 patients postoperatively diagnosed as Swyer syndrome, unilateral gonadectomy, removal of gonadal tumor, and unilateral gonadectomy with hysterectomy were performed in 6 patients, 2 patients, and 1 patient, respectively. Mixed malignant germ cell tumor (MGCT;10 cases), yolk sac tumor (4 cases), and immature teratoma (1 case) were the pathological subtypes, in the descending order. There were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅰ in 6 cases, stage Ⅱ in 3 cases, stage Ⅲ in 5 cases, and stage Ⅳ in 1 case, respectively. Eleven patients received reoperation for residual gonadectomy after a average delay of (7.9±6.2) months, including 8 MGCT-NDG patients and 1 gonadoblastoma patient, no tumor involved was seen in the remaining gonads in the other 2 cases. Ten patients experienced at least one recurrence, with a median event free survival of 9 months (5, 30 months), of which 2 patients received surgery only at the time of initial treatment. All patients with recurrence received surgery and combined with postoperative chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 25 months (15, 42 months), 10 patients were disease-free, 3 patients died of the tumor, 1 died of side effects of leukemia chemotherapy, and 1 survived with disease. Conclusion: The incidence rate of Swyer syndrome in patients with MGCT-NDG is about 4.9%; timely diagnosis and bilateral gonadectomy should be emphasized to reduce the risk of reoperation and second carcinogenesis in this population.
Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/surgery* ; Gonadoblastoma/surgery* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/surgery* ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective To observe the intervention effect of hypericin(HYP)on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)mice model and its mechanism.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal,model and experimental groups with 10 mice per group.PD mouse model was established after 7 days of intraperitoneal injection of MPTP,and drug intervention was carried out from the first day of modeling.Normal group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with 500 μL·kg·d-1 0.9％NaCl.The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg·kg·d-1 HYP.The three groups of rats were given the drug once each time for 14 days.The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),Nod-like receptor thermal protein domain protein 3(NLRP3)and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)in the striatum of nigra were detected by Western blot.Results The climbing time of normal,model and experimental groups was(5.35±0.43),(9.71±1.19)and(8.07±0.34)s;suspension scores were(2.92±0.15),(1.38±0.28)and(1.96±0.28)points;the relative expression levels of TH protein were 1.04±0.06,0.51±0.09 and 0.75±0.07;the relative expression levels of NLRP3 protein were 0.51±0.03,1.00±0.04 and 0.77±0.06;the relative expression levels of Iba1 protein were 0.68±0.10,1.30±0.28 and 0.89±0.05,respectively.The above indexes in the model group were statistically significant compared with the experimental group and the normal group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion HYP plays a therapeutic role in PD by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in PD mice.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability, which severely impair the quality of life in middle-aged and elderly individuals. PD’s pathogenesis is complex, involving oxidative stress, immune inflammation, and genetic factors. Despite extensive research, precise therapeutic targets for PD remain elusive, necessitating further investigation into its underlying mechanisms. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of regional brain iron overload, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in PD’s pathogenesis. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical factor in PD pathology. This review examines the relationship between ferroptosis and PD and explores the potential of exercise as a therapeutic intervention to modulate ferroptosis and alleviate PD symptoms. Ferroptosis, distinct from other forms of cell death such as necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and apoptosis, is characterized by mitochondrial shrinkage, reduced cristae, and membrane collapse, without nuclear fragmentation, DNA cleavage, or caspase activation. It is induced by the accumulation of intracellular Fe²⁺, which enhances lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, ultimately leading to cell death. Studies show disrupted iron metabolism in PD patients, with elevated iron levels in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra correlating with disease severity. Iron chelation therapy has shown promise in alleviating PD symptoms by reducing brain iron levels, highlighting the significance of iron metabolism in PD pathogenesis. Lipid peroxidation, a hallmark of ferroptosis, involves the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cell membranes, compromising membrane integrity and increasing permeability. Elevated lipid peroxidation in the substantia nigra contributes to neuronal damage in PD. Enzymes such as ACSL4 and LPCAT3, crucial in PUFA metabolism, play significant roles in ferroptosis. Exercise has been shown to modulate these enzymes, potentially reducing lipid peroxidation and preventing ferroptosis in PD. Glutathione (GSH) metabolism is another crucial factor in ferroptosis regulation. GSH depletion impairs ROS detoxification, exacerbating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. PD patients exhibit reduced GSH levels in the substantia nigra, making dopaminergic neurons more vulnerable to oxidative damage. Exercise enhances GSH synthesis and activity, mitigating oxidative stress and ferroptosis in PD. α-Synuclein aggregation, a hallmark of PD, is closely linked to iron metabolism and oxidative stress. Excessive α‑synuclein binds to iron, promoting its aggregation and inducing ferroptosis. Exercise has been found to reduceα-synuclein accumulation and its pathological phosphorylation, potentially through the upregulation of neuroprotective proteins like DJ-1 and Irisin. These proteins enhance antioxidant defenses and facilitate α‑synuclein degradation, providing a protective effect against PD progression. Additionally, glutamate excitotoxicity, driven by dysregulated glutamate metabolism and receptor activity, contributes to ferroptosis in PD. Exercise modulates glutamate levels and receptor expression, reducing excitotoxicity and iron-induced neuronal damage. In conclusion, emerging research suggests that exercise may inhibit ferroptosis through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of iron metabolism, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, reduction of α-synuclein aggregation, and modulation of glutamate metabolism. These findings highlight the potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention in the prevention and treatment of PD. Further research is needed to elucidate precise mechanisms and optimize exercise protocols for maximum therapeutic benefit.

Medical quality and safety are essential safeguards for the harmonious society in China, directly affecting people's sense of security and happiness. Continuously improving medical quality and ensuring medical safety are fundamental and essential to implementing the strategies of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and promoting the construction of a healthy China. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the people's increasing emphasis on their own health and safety, China's plastic surgery industry has achieved significant progress and yielded outstanding results. However, along with the rapid growth of the industry, medical quality issues and safety accidents have occurred frequently, attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society. This article briefly outlines the history of quality management and quality control for medical quality and safety in China's plastic surgery specialty. It explores the development of quality management from its origin to medical quality management, as well as the responsibilities and contributions of the National Plastic Surgery Quality Control Center in improving industry standards and ensuring patient safety. It aims to provide support for the standardized management of the plastic surgery industry in the future, so as to promote its healthy and sustainable development.

To construct a quality control indicators system for Chinese plastic and aesthetic major and lay foundation for medical quality control.