OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between clinical symptoms and unilateral chewing habits in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) accompanied by tinnitus. METHODS: A total of 285 patients diagnosed with TMD at the Department of Stomatology of the First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital between December 2020 and May 2024 were included and divided into two groups: tinnitus group and non-tinnitus group. Analysis was conducted on the proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in both groups, the correlation between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing, and the correlation of tinnitus with TMD clinical symptoms (joint clicking, joint pain, and limited mouth opening) and unilateral chewing habits. The correlation of the type of disc displacement with unilateral chewing and tinnitus was also examined. RESULTS: In the tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 90.70% (39/43) and 9.30% (4/43), respectively. In the non-tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 76.03% (184/242) and 23.97% (58/242), respectively. The proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than in the non-tinnitus group (χ²=4.613, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between tinnitus and unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). In the left-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of left-sided unilateral chewers [54.55% (12/22)] was higher than that of right-sided unilateral chewers [45.45% (10/22)]. In the right-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of right-sided unilateral chewers [81.82% (9/11)] was higher than that of left-sided unilateral chewers [18.18% (2/11)]. The difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.282, P<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with pain was significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the non-tinnitus group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the proportion of joint clicking or limited mouth opening and disc displacement (no disc displacement, unilateral disc displacement, bilateral disc displacement, reducible disc displacement, or irreducible disc displacement) was found between the tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS TMD with unilateral chewing habits may be a contributing factor to unexplained tinnitus. Unexplained tinnitus is correlated with joint pain in patients with TMD.
Humans ; Tinnitus/physiopathology* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology* ; Mastication ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Habits

Objective: To investigate the indoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution and its influencing factors in children s bedrooms using solid fuel, so as to provide evidence for effective strategy to reduce PM 2.5 pollution. Methods: From December 2019 to November 2020, 198 households (108 in the north, 90 in the south) from two pilots in the north(Jiamusi in Heilongjiang Province) and south of China (Mianyang in Sichuan Province) were selected, and status of solid fuels using were obtained through home visits, dynamic changes in PM 2.5 concentrations in children s bedrooms were monitored by using real time online instruments, and the influencing factors of PM 2.5 pollution were analyzed by using a mixed effects model. Results: During the monitoring period, the daily PM 2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 78.33 (40.50, 154.80) and 38.54(26.20, 58.46) μg/m 3, respectively, exceeding standard rates of 44.57% and 33.22%. During the heating period, the daily PM 2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 212.50(133.60,244.10) and 104.42(73.97, 134.90) μg/m 3, respectively, with over standard rates of 96.75% and 86.96%. The mixed effects model analysis results showed that children s bedroom PM 2.5 concentrations were associated with solid fuel usage duration, window opening time, room layout (shared entrance door between kitchen and bedroom), indoor smoking, indoor humidity, and solid fuel use in the bedroom ( β =0.19, -0.05, 1.20, 0.43, 0.02, 0.35, all P <0.05). Conclusion Solid fuel combustion significantly comtributes to PM 2.5 pollution in children s bedrooms, with more pronounced impacts observed in northern China compared to southern regions.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lesions in different nuclei of the subcortical basal ganglia on speech processing functions in patients with post-stroke dysarthria.Methods:From July 2022 to September 2023, a total of 20 patients with post-stroke dysarthria (patient group) and 22 healthy individuals (control group) were recruited. Brain imaging data, including structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), as well as behavioral data of speech fluency task and picture association task were collected. Structural MRI data was analyzed using SPM12 software to perform voxel-based morphometry (VBM), measuring cortical thickness and gray matter volume (VGM) in specific nuclei of the basal ganglia. Behavioral metrics, such as reaction time (RT) and the number of valid responses were extracted for each task. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 and R 4.0 softwares. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to examine relationships between neuroimaging parameters and behavioral performance indicators.Results:The patient group exhibited significantly smaller gray matter volumes in both left and right caudate nuclei((2.69±0.92)mm 3, (3.17±0.91)mm 3 ) and putamen (3.31±1.08)mm 3, (3.66±0.91)mm 3) compared to the control group (caudate nuclei (3.19±0.36)mm 3, (3.49±0.52)mm 3 putamen (4.52±0.54)mm 3, (4.72±0.64)mm 3), with statistically significant differences ( t=-2.83, 1.68; t=-3.59, 3.52, both P<0.05). Behavioral experiments revealed that the patient group exhibited significantly prolonged reaction time during picture association and naming tasks (1 910.50(1 214.25, 3 806.75) ms, 1 362.00(978.00, 2 297.00) ms) compared to the control group (1 618.00(1 162.75, 2 401.75) ms, 1 224.00(984.25, 1 661.50) ms; Z=-5.20, -4.61, both P<0.05). Gray matter volumes in the left caudate nucleus and left putamen exhibited negative correlations with reaction times during the picture naming task ( r=-0.52, -0.54, both P<0.05). Additionally, the gray matter volume of the left putamen demonstrated a positive correlation with the number of valid responses in speech fluency task-T2 ( r=0.46, P<0.05), whereas the left globus pallidus volume showed a negative correlation with speech fluency task-T1 ( r=-0.51, P<0.05) with the same measure. Conclusion:Lesions in the left subnuclei of the basal ganglia directly impair early-stage speech functions, including conceptual preparation and lexical selection, whereas right-side lesions exert less pronounced effects on linguistic performance compared to their left counterparts. Furthermore, the basal ganglia's involvement in higher-order linguistic processing may represent an indirect consequence of cognitive decline.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lesions in different nuclei of the subcortical basal ganglia on speech processing functions in patients with post-stroke dysarthria.Methods:From July 2022 to September 2023, a total of 20 patients with post-stroke dysarthria (patient group) and 22 healthy individuals (control group) were recruited. Brain imaging data, including structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), as well as behavioral data of speech fluency task and picture association task were collected. Structural MRI data was analyzed using SPM12 software to perform voxel-based morphometry (VBM), measuring cortical thickness and gray matter volume (VGM) in specific nuclei of the basal ganglia. Behavioral metrics, such as reaction time (RT) and the number of valid responses were extracted for each task. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 and R 4.0 softwares. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to examine relationships between neuroimaging parameters and behavioral performance indicators.Results:The patient group exhibited significantly smaller gray matter volumes in both left and right caudate nuclei((2.69±0.92)mm 3, (3.17±0.91)mm 3 ) and putamen (3.31±1.08)mm 3, (3.66±0.91)mm 3) compared to the control group (caudate nuclei (3.19±0.36)mm 3, (3.49±0.52)mm 3 putamen (4.52±0.54)mm 3, (4.72±0.64)mm 3), with statistically significant differences ( t=-2.83, 1.68; t=-3.59, 3.52, both P<0.05). Behavioral experiments revealed that the patient group exhibited significantly prolonged reaction time during picture association and naming tasks (1 910.50(1 214.25, 3 806.75) ms, 1 362.00(978.00, 2 297.00) ms) compared to the control group (1 618.00(1 162.75, 2 401.75) ms, 1 224.00(984.25, 1 661.50) ms; Z=-5.20, -4.61, both P<0.05). Gray matter volumes in the left caudate nucleus and left putamen exhibited negative correlations with reaction times during the picture naming task ( r=-0.52, -0.54, both P<0.05). Additionally, the gray matter volume of the left putamen demonstrated a positive correlation with the number of valid responses in speech fluency task-T2 ( r=0.46, P<0.05), whereas the left globus pallidus volume showed a negative correlation with speech fluency task-T1 ( r=-0.51, P<0.05) with the same measure. Conclusion:Lesions in the left subnuclei of the basal ganglia directly impair early-stage speech functions, including conceptual preparation and lexical selection, whereas right-side lesions exert less pronounced effects on linguistic performance compared to their left counterparts. Furthermore, the basal ganglia's involvement in higher-order linguistic processing may represent an indirect consequence of cognitive decline.

Objective Establish a standardized evaluation system for medical faults,and provide theoretical basis for medical institutions and related industries to evaluate the illegality of medical behaviors.Methods Based on a litera-ture review,the medical fault assessment system was initially constructed,and then a research group was estab-lished to use Delphi method to invite 31 experts to evaluate the importance and feasibility of each article of the medi-cal fault assessment system and put forward suggestions for modification.Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 83.9％and 96.8％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.902 and 0.887,and the Kendall's W test of all levels differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The medical fault assess-ment system finally constructed includes 5 first-level items including practicing medicine according to law,informed notification,diagnosis and treatment technology,medical record documents and hospital management,as well as 10 second-level items,20 third-level items and 47 fourth-level items.The mean values of importance and feasibili-ty scores of all articles were greater than 4,standard deviations were less than 1,and coefficients of variation were less than 0.2.Conclusion The medical fault standardized evaluation system is scientific,reliable,innovative and appli-cable.

Objective Establish a standardized evaluation system for medical faults,and provide theoretical basis for medical institutions and related industries to evaluate the illegality of medical behaviors.Methods Based on a litera-ture review,the medical fault assessment system was initially constructed,and then a research group was estab-lished to use Delphi method to invite 31 experts to evaluate the importance and feasibility of each article of the medi-cal fault assessment system and put forward suggestions for modification.Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 83.9％and 96.8％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.902 and 0.887,and the Kendall's W test of all levels differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The medical fault assess-ment system finally constructed includes 5 first-level items including practicing medicine according to law,informed notification,diagnosis and treatment technology,medical record documents and hospital management,as well as 10 second-level items,20 third-level items and 47 fourth-level items.The mean values of importance and feasibili-ty scores of all articles were greater than 4,standard deviations were less than 1,and coefficients of variation were less than 0.2.Conclusion The medical fault standardized evaluation system is scientific,reliable,innovative and appli-cable.

Objective Establish a standardized evaluation system for medical faults,and provide theoretical basis for medical institutions and related industries to evaluate the illegality of medical behaviors.Methods Based on a litera-ture review,the medical fault assessment system was initially constructed,and then a research group was estab-lished to use Delphi method to invite 31 experts to evaluate the importance and feasibility of each article of the medi-cal fault assessment system and put forward suggestions for modification.Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 83.9％and 96.8％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.902 and 0.887,and the Kendall's W test of all levels differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The medical fault assess-ment system finally constructed includes 5 first-level items including practicing medicine according to law,informed notification,diagnosis and treatment technology,medical record documents and hospital management,as well as 10 second-level items,20 third-level items and 47 fourth-level items.The mean values of importance and feasibili-ty scores of all articles were greater than 4,standard deviations were less than 1,and coefficients of variation were less than 0.2.Conclusion The medical fault standardized evaluation system is scientific,reliable,innovative and appli-cable.

Objective Establish a standardized evaluation system for medical faults,and provide theoretical basis for medical institutions and related industries to evaluate the illegality of medical behaviors.Methods Based on a litera-ture review,the medical fault assessment system was initially constructed,and then a research group was estab-lished to use Delphi method to invite 31 experts to evaluate the importance and feasibility of each article of the medi-cal fault assessment system and put forward suggestions for modification.Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 83.9％and 96.8％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.902 and 0.887,and the Kendall's W test of all levels differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The medical fault assess-ment system finally constructed includes 5 first-level items including practicing medicine according to law,informed notification,diagnosis and treatment technology,medical record documents and hospital management,as well as 10 second-level items,20 third-level items and 47 fourth-level items.The mean values of importance and feasibili-ty scores of all articles were greater than 4,standard deviations were less than 1,and coefficients of variation were less than 0.2.Conclusion The medical fault standardized evaluation system is scientific,reliable,innovative and appli-cable.

Objective Establish a standardized evaluation system for medical faults,and provide theoretical basis for medical institutions and related industries to evaluate the illegality of medical behaviors.Methods Based on a litera-ture review,the medical fault assessment system was initially constructed,and then a research group was estab-lished to use Delphi method to invite 31 experts to evaluate the importance and feasibility of each article of the medi-cal fault assessment system and put forward suggestions for modification.Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 83.9％and 96.8％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.902 and 0.887,and the Kendall's W test of all levels differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The medical fault assess-ment system finally constructed includes 5 first-level items including practicing medicine according to law,informed notification,diagnosis and treatment technology,medical record documents and hospital management,as well as 10 second-level items,20 third-level items and 47 fourth-level items.The mean values of importance and feasibili-ty scores of all articles were greater than 4,standard deviations were less than 1,and coefficients of variation were less than 0.2.Conclusion The medical fault standardized evaluation system is scientific,reliable,innovative and appli-cable.

Objective Establish a standardized evaluation system for medical faults,and provide theoretical basis for medical institutions and related industries to evaluate the illegality of medical behaviors.Methods Based on a litera-ture review,the medical fault assessment system was initially constructed,and then a research group was estab-lished to use Delphi method to invite 31 experts to evaluate the importance and feasibility of each article of the medi-cal fault assessment system and put forward suggestions for modification.Results The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 83.9％and 96.8％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.902 and 0.887,and the Kendall's W test of all levels differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The medical fault assess-ment system finally constructed includes 5 first-level items including practicing medicine according to law,informed notification,diagnosis and treatment technology,medical record documents and hospital management,as well as 10 second-level items,20 third-level items and 47 fourth-level items.The mean values of importance and feasibili-ty scores of all articles were greater than 4,standard deviations were less than 1,and coefficients of variation were less than 0.2.Conclusion The medical fault standardized evaluation system is scientific,reliable,innovative and appli-cable.