Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the glandular epithelium of the breast, and it is one of the most common tumors that seriously affect the physical and mental health of women. With the aggravation of population aging, the incidence of breast cancer in the elderly has increased year by year in recent years. Elderly patients with breast cancer often have a variety of underlying diseases, and their prognosis is usually related to many factors such as cancer staging, cancer classification, treatment status and health status, with a significant difference in survival rate among patients. Due to the unique clinical and pathological characteristics of elderly patients with breast cancer compared to young and middle-aged patients, there are many studies on the treatment of elderly breast cancer patients in the past, and there are few reviews on the influencing factors of prognosis in elderly patients. This paper reviews the research progress of influencing factors of prognosis in elderly patients with breast cancer from the aspects of clinicopathological factors, treatment options and prognosis factors, in order to provide a reference for clinical determination of treatment options for elderly patients with breast cancer in the future.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of colorectal adenomatous polyps.Methods:The clinical data of 395 patients who underwent colonoscopy in the Tongzhou branch, Tongzhou District, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from August 2017 to August 2021 were analyzed. According to the examination results, adenomatous polyps were divided into adenomatous polyps group (193 cases) and non-polyp group (202 cases). The risk factors of colorectal adenomatous polyps were screened by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The results of single factor analysis suggested that: body mass index (BMI), sex, age, proportion of blood type A, history of large intestine polyps, history of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, history of alcohol consumption, history of smoking, proportion of heavy oil diet, history of oral calcium, history of oral statins, history of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, history of oral antibiotics, and high fat diet (pork, beef, and animal organs), high salt diet, love of pickled food, love of sweet food, love of greasy, good mood, anxiety, depression, impatience and irritability, history of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were statistically significant in the adenomatous polyp group and the non-polyp group (all P<0.05). Factors with P<0.05 in the above single factor analysis were taken as independent variables, and the incidence of disease was taken as dependent variable for multi-factor logistic regression analysis. The results showed that BMI, age, blood type A, Hp infection history, drinking history, smoking history, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs history, oral antibiotics history, high salt diet, good mood, hypertension were the influencing factors for the incidence of adenomatous polyps (all P<0.05). Conclusions:High BMI, old age, blood type A, history of Hp infection, smoking history, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug history, oral antibiotics history, high salt diet and hypertension are risk factors for the development of adenomatous polyps. Drinking alcohol and good mood can reduce the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Therefore, targeted intervention measures can be formulated for high-risk patients to reduce the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of colorectal adenomatous polyps.Methods:The clinical data of 395 patients who underwent colonoscopy in the Tongzhou branch, Tongzhou District, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from August 2017 to August 2021 were analyzed. According to the examination results, adenomatous polyps were divided into adenomatous polyps group (193 cases) and non-polyp group (202 cases). The risk factors of colorectal adenomatous polyps were screened by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The results of single factor analysis suggested that: body mass index (BMI), sex, age, proportion of blood type A, history of large intestine polyps, history of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, history of alcohol consumption, history of smoking, proportion of heavy oil diet, history of oral calcium, history of oral statins, history of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, history of oral antibiotics, and high fat diet (pork, beef, and animal organs), high salt diet, love of pickled food, love of sweet food, love of greasy, good mood, anxiety, depression, impatience and irritability, history of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were statistically significant in the adenomatous polyp group and the non-polyp group (all P<0.05). Factors with P<0.05 in the above single factor analysis were taken as independent variables, and the incidence of disease was taken as dependent variable for multi-factor logistic regression analysis. The results showed that BMI, age, blood type A, Hp infection history, drinking history, smoking history, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs history, oral antibiotics history, high salt diet, good mood, hypertension were the influencing factors for the incidence of adenomatous polyps (all P<0.05). Conclusions:High BMI, old age, blood type A, history of Hp infection, smoking history, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug history, oral antibiotics history, high salt diet and hypertension are risk factors for the development of adenomatous polyps. Drinking alcohol and good mood can reduce the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Therefore, targeted intervention measures can be formulated for high-risk patients to reduce the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps.

Objective:To evaluate the practical effectiveness of a one-to-one mentorship-based short-term training model for senior medical professionals in clinical, teaching, research, and management dimensions based on the reaction and learning levels of the Kirkpatrick model, and to explore its application value.Methods:A total of 109 physicians and their 109 mentors who participated in the senior medical professional training program at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2023 to May 2024 were included. The one-to-one mentorship teaching method was implemented. Data were collected through self-assessment questionnaires and mentor evaluation forms to analyze satisfaction, proficiency, competency improvement, and training effectiveness and their correlations.Results:Valid feedback forms were collected from 100 physicians and 100 mentors. At the reaction level, the satisfaction of trainees was high for mentors (99.00%, 99/100) and training content [clinical: 98.96%(95/96), teaching: 93.75%(15/16), research 85.71%(12/14), management: 100.00%(24/24)]. At the learning level, trainee self-assessed and mentor-evaluated proficiency exceeded 75.00% across all dimensions except research. Significant improvements in clinical, teaching, research, and management competencies were reported by both trainees and mentors ( P<0.001). Notably, evaluations of clinical competency improvement showed strong consistency ( r s=0.37, P<0.001). Conclusions:The one-to-one mentorship-based short-term training model demonstrated positive effects in enhancing mentorship outcomes and excellent educational effectiveness in senior medical professionals. This model is recommended for implementation in similar hospitals for training senior medical professionals.

Objective:To explore the job preference and willingness to pay of resident training physicians in Chengdu, China.Methods:The questionnaire was designed by means of the discrete choice experiment. The questionnaire contains the basic information of the survey object and the discrete choice set (including workplace, working intensity, monthly salary, staffing of public institution, and career development, each with several levels). A total of 116 resident training physicians recruited by three standardized residents training centers in Chengdu were selected to conduct the questionnaire survey, and grouped based on their identity and major. The mixed logit model was used to analyze job preferences and willingness to pay of resident training physicians.Results:Except for career development, other four attributes had statistically significant effects on job selection of resident training physicians ( P<0.05), of which working intensity was the most influential attribute, with the highest willingness to pay. The subgroup analysis results showed that staffing of public institution was concerned by clinical postgraduates and resident training physicians in non-scarce majors. Conclusions:Economic and non-economic factors both affect the job preferences of resident training physicians, while working intensity is the most important factor. Resident training policy should focus on adjusting the scale and type of resident physician enrollment, and strengthen humanistic care and career education of resident training physicians.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between artificial radionuclide 137Cs and stable cesium (Cs) in wild edible fungi and seek potential correlations. Methods:A total of 30 samples, including the caps (with gills) and stipes of wild edible fungi, were collected from the northeastern region of China. The measurement and analysis of 137Cs were conducted following recommended procedures in GB/T 16145-2022, and stable Cs was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Then, the correlation analysis of data on 137Cs and stable Cs was performed using SPSS 11.5 software, and scatter plots were prepared using the Origin 21.0 software. Results:The fungi caps exhibited a specific activity of 137Cs ranging from 0.52 to 55.9 Bq/kg (dry weight) and a stable Cs content from 0.069 mg/kg to 16.2 mg/kg (dry weight). The stipes showed a specific activity of 137Cs ranging from 0.53 Bq/kg to 101 Bq/kg (dry weight) and a stable Cs content from 0.075 to 11.5 mg/kg (dry weight). These data revealed a significant correlation between the specific activity of 137Cs and the stable cesium content in all samples including caps and stipes, with correlation coefficients r of 0.956, 0.912, and 0.931, respectively, and all significant levels P < 0.01. The ratios of the specific activity of 137Cs to stable Cs content varied from 2.09 Bq/kg to 20.1 Bq/kg (dry weight), with an average of 10.7 Bq/kg (dry weight). Conclusions:Wild edible fungi fail to distinguish between 137Cs and stable cesium when absorbing Cs elements from their growing substrates. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the specific activity of 137Cs and stable Cs content. In the case of exogenous 137Cs contamination, the ratio of the specific activity of 137Cs and stable Cs content will significantly change. Therefore, an increase in the ratio can be used as a reference for identifying 137Cs contamination events.

Objective:To explore the applicability of critical statistical measures Z, Z′, Zeta ( ζ), and En value in comparative capability assessments by analyzing the data from nationwide radiological health technology institutions from 2020 to 2023, aiming to provide a reference for further improving China′s comparative assessment method for verifying the γ-ray spectroscopy capability of radionuclides. Methods:Based on the nationwide analysis and comparison of γ-ray spectroscopy of radionuclides conducted annually by the National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC, the deviations between laboratory result and reference values were determined using the above-mentioned four statistical measures. Finally, the qualification rates of the γ-ray spectroscopy result from relevant institutions were assessed and analyzed.Results:The result indicate that the qualification rates of the Z value exceeded 85%, which might be inaccurate in some cases since it ignored the limitation of uncertainty. In contrast, the Z′ value yielded more scientific and representative result because it considered the uncertainty of reference values, and the inter-laboratory comparison qualification rate is above 95%. In the case of low uncertainty of the γ-ray spectroscopy result, the Zeta ( ζ) or En ratio exhibited relatively high sensitivity and, accordingly, relatively low qualification rates, indicating that this ratio may not comprehensively reflect the interlaboratory comparison result. Conclusions:The Z, Z′, Zeta ( ζ), and En values demonstrate their own advantages and limitations in assessing the capability of the γ-ray spectroscopy of radionuclides. For comparison projects involving multiple laboratories and complex measurement conditions, such as the nationwide verification of the capabilities of the γ-ray spectroscopy of radionuclides, it is feasible to combine the Z′ value with the Zeta ( ζ) or En ratio, with the former and the latter used to determine the qualified and excellent capability result, respectively. This enables the comprehensive assessment of the measurement and analysis capabilities of the γ-ray spectroscopy laboratories of radiological health technology institutions in China.

Objective:To summarize the progress in the research of textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports.Methods:A systematic literature retrieval about textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports based on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was conducted. Information regarding the textual quality definition, evaluation dimensions, indicators and methods of included papers was extracted.Results:A total of 29 study papers were included in this analysis, in which 26 were about retrospective textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports, and 3 were about the model or tool development for textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports. The topics of news reports included: 16 studies on injury, 3 on general health, 3 on infectious disease, 3 on cancer screening and treatment, 3 on chronic non-communicable disease, and 1 on medication risk. The definition of textual quality of health-related media reports and the dimensions of the quality evaluation varied across the studies. The quality evaluation indicators of media reports can be divided into three categories: availability of surveillance information, availability of professional information, and adherence to principles of media reporting. Most studies conducted the quality evaluation manually, with only 2 studies employing semi-automated or automated evaluation methods.Conclusions:No unified definition, set of dimensions, indicators, or automated algorithms exist for evaluating the textual quality of health-related media reports, which limits assessing massive news data effectively. It is necessary to conduct methodological studies on the textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports based on journalism and communication theory, infodemiology, deep learning, natural language processing, text mining, as well as specific disease and injury prevention theory.

ObjectiveTo explore the pharmacological mechanism involved in the treatment of allergic cough （AC） by Xiaoer Huatan Zhike granules （XEHT） based on proteomics and network pharmacology. MethodsAfter sensitization by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL suspension containing 2 mg ovalbumin （OVA） and 100 mg aluminum hydroxide， a guinea pig model of allergic cough was constructed by nebulization with 1% OVA. The modeled guinea pigs were randomized into the model， low-， medium- and high-dose （1， 5， 20 g·kg^-1， respectively） XEHT， and sodium montelukast （1 mg·kg^-1） groups （n=6）， and another 6 guinea pigs were selected as the blank group. The guinea pigs in drug administration groups were administrated with the corresponding drugs by gavage， and those in the blank and model groups received the same volume of normal saline by gavage， 1 time·d^-1. After 10 consecutive days of drug administration， the guinea pigs were stimulated by 1% OVA nebulization， and the coughs were observed. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the levels of C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and immunoglobulin G （IgG） and immunoglobulin A （IgA） in the serum. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to observe the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was employed observe the alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell ultrastructure. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of IL-6， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Label-free proteomics was used to detect the differential proteins among groups. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of XEHT in treating AC. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed to search for the same pathways from the results of proteomics and network pharmacology. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased coughs （P<0.01）， elevated levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and lowered level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated levels of IgA and IgG in the serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， congestion of the lung tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells， increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）， large areas of low electron density edema in type Ⅱ epithelial cells， obvious swelling and vacuolization of the organelles， karyopyknosis or sparse and dissolved chromatin， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the drug administration groups showed reduced coughs （P<0.01）， lowered levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and elevated level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated lung tissue congestion， inflammatory cell infiltration， and type Ⅱ epithelial cell injury， and decreased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）. In addition， the medium-dose XEHT group and the montelukast sodium group showcased lowered serum levels of IgA and IgG （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose XEHT groups and the montelukast sodium showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α and the low-dose XEHT group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Phospholipase D， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， and epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase （ErbB） signaling pathways were the common pathways predicted by both proteomics and network pharmacology. ConclusionProteomics combined with network pharmacology reveal that XEHT can ameliorate AC by regulating the phospholipase D， mTOR， and ErbB signaling pathways.

Objective:To evaluate the practical effectiveness of a one-to-one mentorship-based short-term training model for senior medical professionals in clinical, teaching, research, and management dimensions based on the reaction and learning levels of the Kirkpatrick model, and to explore its application value.Methods:A total of 109 physicians and their 109 mentors who participated in the senior medical professional training program at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2023 to May 2024 were included. The one-to-one mentorship teaching method was implemented. Data were collected through self-assessment questionnaires and mentor evaluation forms to analyze satisfaction, proficiency, competency improvement, and training effectiveness and their correlations.Results:Valid feedback forms were collected from 100 physicians and 100 mentors. At the reaction level, the satisfaction of trainees was high for mentors (99.00%, 99/100) and training content [clinical: 98.96%(95/96), teaching: 93.75%(15/16), research 85.71%(12/14), management: 100.00%(24/24)]. At the learning level, trainee self-assessed and mentor-evaluated proficiency exceeded 75.00% across all dimensions except research. Significant improvements in clinical, teaching, research, and management competencies were reported by both trainees and mentors ( P<0.001). Notably, evaluations of clinical competency improvement showed strong consistency ( r s=0.37, P<0.001). Conclusions:The one-to-one mentorship-based short-term training model demonstrated positive effects in enhancing mentorship outcomes and excellent educational effectiveness in senior medical professionals. This model is recommended for implementation in similar hospitals for training senior medical professionals.