In recent years, minimally invasive technology has been at the forefront of advancing various disciplines due to its unique advantages. With the development of endoscopic techniques, low-temperature plasma technology, and balloon dilation methods, the application of minimally invasive surgery in pediatric otolaryngology has increased significantly in clinical practice. The primary objective of minimally invasive techniques is to preserve normal anatomical structures as much as possible, reduce tissue damage associated with surgery, lower surgical risks, accelerate postoperative recovery, and achieve surgical outcomes that are comparable to or even better than those obtained through conventional procedures. In the future, the development of minimally invasive surgery must be aimed at pursuing the maximum benefit for patients, and operations will be more scientific, functional, comfortable, and diversified. The author believes that the development of minimally invasive surgery is inseparable from multidisciplinary cooperation, including clinicians, engineers, and other professionals in different fields. Only by working together can we jointly promote the development of minimally invasive surgery technology and provide patients with more accurate, efficient, and safe treatment options.
Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Child ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/surgery* ; Endoscopy ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods*

Objective:To explore the causes and preventive measures of respiratory arrest following general anesthesia in children with obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, in order to enhance the safety of OSA surgeries under general anesthesia. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and follow-up data of four pediatric cases that experienced respiratory arrest after general anesthesia for OSA at Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University from March 2020 to March 2022. Results:All four children exhibited varying degrees of decreased blood oxygen saturation, cyanosis, and loss of consciousness after OSA surgery under general anesthesia, with one case experiencing respiratory and cardiac arrest. Through emergency rescue measures such as oxygen supplementation, suctioning, positive pressure ventilation, awakening, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, all four children were stabilized. Follow-up after 2 to 6 months showed no complications. The main reasons for the occurrence are analyzed as: residual anesthetic drugs, characteristics of the OSA disease, and the unique aspects of the pediatric population. Conclusion:Children undergoing general anesthesia for OSA should be closely monitored for vital signs after surgery. If respiratory suppression occurs, active rescue measures should be taken to avoid serious consequences.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/surgery* ; Anesthesia, General/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Child ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool

This case report outlines the treatment of an 11-year-old female who underwent adenotonsillectomy six years ago for snoring but experienced postoperative inefficacy. Her symptoms worsened two weeks before readmission, with increased snoring and sleep apnea, disabling her from lying down to sleep. She was readmitted on December 1, 2023, and diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and hypercapnia. Automatic BiPAP alleviated her symptoms, with sleep breathing parameters normalizing during treatment. Follow-up at one month showed significant acceleration in her growth and resolution of her hypersomnolence issue.
Humans ; Female ; Child ; Hypercapnia/complications* ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Noninvasive Ventilation

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy （DISE） is an endoscopic examination performed under conditions similar to human physiological sleep induced by drugs. In recent years, its clinical application has become increasingly widespread. This article reviews the research progress on the indications, anesthesia, and outcome determination of pediatric DISE, providing a basis for the application of pediatric DISE.
Humans ; Child ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis* ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Sleep

Two children with late-onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome were reported, one of whom was male and had no abnormal manifestations after birth, respiratory failure occurs at the age of 1 year and 6 months. After being hospitalized, he was treated with oxygen inhalation and non-invasive ventilation, but carbon dioxide retention could not be corrected. After one month of tracheal intubation, he was failure to wean from ventilator, so tracheostomy was performed. He needs a ventilator to help breath while sleeping, and can breath autonomously during the day without ventilator. The other case was a female, with no abnormalities after birth. At the age of 11 months, she developed respiratory failure. During sleep, the child needs non-invasive assisted ventilation through a nasal mask, and during the day, she breathed autonomously.Two patients were followed up forever 2 years and their growth and development were normal.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Sleep Apnea, Central/therapy* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Hypoventilation/congenital* ; Oxygen

The French Society of ENT and Head Neck Surgery（SFORL）present the guidelines on the roles of the various treatment options in childhood obstructive sleep apnea in May 2018，this paper is the interpretation of the guidelines.

Summary The French Society of ENT and Head Neck Surgery（SFORL）present the guidelines on the roles of the various treatment options in childhood obstructive sleep apnea in May 2018，this paper is the interpretation of the guidelines.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to analyze the underlying bacterial pathogens of the tonsils and adenoids in children with sleep-disordered breathing(SDB).METHODS The core tissue from the tonsils and/or adenoids of 163 SDB children was cultured aerobically. Of the 163 cases, 120 children underwent adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy simultaneously(A+T), 39 children underwent adenoidectomy(A) and 4 tonsillectom(T) only. 124 children who underwent tonsillectomy were subdivided into two groups based on history(with or without a history of recurrent tonsillitis). 71 children with the history were enrolled in the 'recurrent tonsillitis group' and 53 children without the history were enrolled in 'non- recurrent tonsillitis group'.RESULTS Of the total 120 cases who underwent A+T, 114(95.00%) cases had same distribution of bacteria detected in both sides in the same patient. Besides this, 17 cases in whom mixed organisms were identified in both sites shared common pathogen. No significant difference in the detection rates of staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae were found when we compared seasons(Tonsil:χ2=8.538,P=0.201; Adenoid:χ2=5.427, P=0.490). No significant difference in the type and detection rate of essential bacteria was found when we compared between recurrent tonsillitis group and 'non-recurrent tonsillitis group' (χ2=3.028,P=0.387).CONCLUSION The bacterial isolates from the tonsils and adenoids are virtually identical in type and detection rate in the same SDB patient. The bacterial distribution of the tonsillar and adenoidal core is unaffected by the seasonal variation and history of recurrent tonsillitis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of rigid bronchoscope combined with fiber bronchoscope application in children with airway obstruction.METHODS Retrospective analysis of 176 cases children with airway obstruction from January 1, 2006 to January1, 2016, all patients were diagnosised and treated in our hospital. RESULTS All children were acceptted rigid bronchoscopy combined with fiber bronchoscope under general anesthesia, then received the different thrapy according to the different causes. 104 patients with airway foreign body were all obtained satisfactory effect, 2 cases of children with bronchial foreign body(cap) inspection, failed to remove and contact thoracic surgery doctors to remove the foreign body by thoracotomy. 10 plastic bronchitis patients improved after treatment or cured. 7 cases of bronchial tuberculosis were cured after treatment. 4 patients with airway tumor after minimally invasive surgery, obtained good effect, 2 cases were turned to the other cancer hospital. 2 cases of patients with tracheal stenosis, the symptom is reduced after expansion. Bronchial granulation, tracheomalacia, bronchial softening, bronchial atresia patients improved after treatment. This group of all patients with pneumonia were cured after symptomatic treatment.CONCLUSION Rigid bronchoscopy and fiber bronchoscope are both useful for diagnosis and treatment of children with airway obstruction, both have its advantages and disadvantages, combined application can improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis and timely intervention on the patients.

Bronchi ; pathology ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans