Nervous system diseases， also known as neuropathies， encompass a wide range of conditions， primarily including Alzheimer's disease （AD）， Parkinson's disease （PD）， Huntington's disease， and other neurodegenerative disorders， as well as depression， subarachnoid hemorrhage， cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， vascular dementia， and other neurological diseases. These diseases pose serious threats to the health and lives of patients， bringing heavy burdens to society and families. The pathogenesis of nervous system diseases is highly complex， involving mechanisms such as neuroinflammation， oxidative stress， apoptosis， endoplasmic reticulum stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， brain-derived neurotrophic factor deficiency， reduced cholinergic activity， axonal injury， and demyelination. In recent years， the incidence and mortality of nervous system diseases have been rising annually. Currently， western medicine primarily focuses on symptomatic treatment， often accompanied by many adverse reactions， including lethargy， excessive sedation， dizziness， headaches， tachycardia， liver function damage， metabolic disorders， and incomplete recovery after surgery. As a traditional Chinese medicine， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has effects such as promoting blood circulation， removing blood stasis， cooling the blood， clearing the heart， nourishing the blood， and calming the nerves. It can play a role in the treatment and protection against nervous system diseases through multiple targets， pathways， and mechanisms. Studies have found that the water-soluble phenolic acids and fat-soluble diterpenoid quinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the main active ingredients for the treatment of nervous system diseases. This paper summarized the effects of the active components and compounds of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on nervous system diseases over the past ten years， aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research ideas for the development and application of active components and compounds of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in nervous system diseases.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of bronchial arterial chemoembolization(BACE)combined with micro wave ablation(MW A)and immunotherapy in treating patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma,who were admitted to the North Jiangsu People's Hospital of China from June 2020 to June 2022 to receive treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.According to the therapeutic method,the patients were divided into control group(n=30,receiving BACE combined with immunotherapy)and observation group(n=38,receiving BACE followed by MW A,which was performed with CT-guided localization of the lung lesion,and immunotherapy in 3-5 days after BACE).Results The surgical success rate in both the 30 patients of the observation group and the 38 patients of the control group was 100％.After treatment,no surgery-related or chemoembolization-related serious complications occurred in both groups.In the control group and the observation group,the mean progression-free survival(PFS)was(5.70±1.61)months and(12.10±0.72)months respectively,the mean overall survival(OS)was(11.80±1.10)months and(13.00±1.13)months respectively.The PFS of the observation group was obviously longer than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference in OS existed between the two groups(P=0.255).Conclusion BACE combined with MW A and immunotherapy can effectively control the advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma,it has reliable short-term efficacy when compared with BACE plus immunotherapy,and it can inhibit tumor growth and prolong the PFS of patients,with a trend of extending OS and a satisfactory clinical safety.

Objective:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare autoimmune disease. This study aims to describe the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of Chinese PSC patients and explore risk factors associated with prognosis, addressing the lack of long-term prognostic analysis in China.Methods:Clinical data of PSC patients were retrospectively collected from May 2009 to June 2023 in Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and patient follow-up was conducted through outpatient visits, telephone calls, and medical record reviews. The Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier method were employed to identify risk factors and estimate transplant-free survival.Results:A total of 65 PSC patients were enrolled, with male patients accounting for 50.8% and an average age of onset of 44 years. The disease types primarily included large duct PSC (57.9%) and whole duct PSC (22.8%). Most patients (78.5%) sought medical attention due to symptoms, with common clinical manifestations including jaundice (32.3%), fatigue (23.1%), abdominal discomfort (21.5%), pruritus (16.9%), and fever (10.8%). A total of 19 patients (29.2%) had concomitant ulcerative colitis. Compared to large duct PSC or whole duct PSC, small duct PSC showed a lower proportion of concomitant ulcerative colitis ( P<0.001) and milder baseline disease severity. After a median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range: 11,53), 19 patients experienced liver transplantations and/or liver disease-related deaths. The overall 2-year and 5-year transplant-free survival rates for PSC patients were 76.0% and 59.5%, respectively. Elevated bile acid levels were identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients. Conclusion:The study population of Chinese PSC patients predominantly consisted of middle-aged males, characterized by a low ratio of asymptomatic cases, a low incidence of associated inflammatory bowel disease, and a low rate of transplant-free survival. Elevated bile acid level was identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients.

Objective:To explore the improvement effect of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula combined with Dai meridian moxibustion on endometrial fibrosis in rats with intrauterine adhesions(IUA)by regulating M2 type macrophage polarization.Methods:SD rats were selected to establish an IUA model using a dual injury method of mechanical curettage and lipopolysaccharide infection,which were randomly separated into model group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were regarded as a sham operation(control)group,after grouping and treatment,the number of embryo implantation of rats in each group after cage closure was detected;HE staining was applied to detect pathological morphology of uterine tissue in rats in different groups,and their endometrial thickness and glandular number were compared;Masson staining was applied to detect endometrial fibrosis in rats of each group,and the collagen volume fraction(CVF)was compared;ELISA was applied to detect serum levels of profibrotic factor TGF-β1,pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6,and levels of procollagen type Ⅰ carboxy-terminal peptide(PⅠNP)and procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal peptide(PⅢNP)of rats in each group;immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect expressions of M2 type macrophage markers CD163 and CD68 in endometrium of rats in each group.Results:Compared with control group,model group showed obvious pathological damage to uterine tissue,thickness of endometrium was thinner,the number of glands and embryo implantation were obviously reduced(P<0.05),endometrial CVF,levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was reduced,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the numbers of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);compared with Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group and Dai meridian moxibustion group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was alleviated,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);there was no obvious change in all indicators between Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Combination of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula and Dai meridian moxibustion can promote the polarization of M2 type macrophages,thereby inhibiting inflammation and endometrial fibrosis in IUA rats,and improving their symptoms of uterine adhesions.

Objective:To explore the improvement effect of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula combined with Dai meridian moxibustion on endometrial fibrosis in rats with intrauterine adhesions(IUA)by regulating M2 type macrophage polarization.Methods:SD rats were selected to establish an IUA model using a dual injury method of mechanical curettage and lipopolysaccharide infection,which were randomly separated into model group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were regarded as a sham operation(control)group,after grouping and treatment,the number of embryo implantation of rats in each group after cage closure was detected;HE staining was applied to detect pathological morphology of uterine tissue in rats in different groups,and their endometrial thickness and glandular number were compared;Masson staining was applied to detect endometrial fibrosis in rats of each group,and the collagen volume fraction(CVF)was compared;ELISA was applied to detect serum levels of profibrotic factor TGF-β1,pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6,and levels of procollagen type Ⅰ carboxy-terminal peptide(PⅠNP)and procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal peptide(PⅢNP)of rats in each group;immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect expressions of M2 type macrophage markers CD163 and CD68 in endometrium of rats in each group.Results:Compared with control group,model group showed obvious pathological damage to uterine tissue,thickness of endometrium was thinner,the number of glands and embryo implantation were obviously reduced(P<0.05),endometrial CVF,levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was reduced,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the numbers of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);compared with Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group and Dai meridian moxibustion group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was alleviated,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);there was no obvious change in all indicators between Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Combination of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula and Dai meridian moxibustion can promote the polarization of M2 type macrophages,thereby inhibiting inflammation and endometrial fibrosis in IUA rats,and improving their symptoms of uterine adhesions.

Objective:To establish and verify an indirect ELISA for quantitative detection of serum antibody against varicella-zoster virus (VZV).Methods:Recombinant VZV glycoprotein E (gE) was diluted with the coating buffer to concentrations of 2, 0.5, and 0.25 μg/ml. HRP-labeled antibody dilutions were 1∶2 000, 1∶5 000, and 1∶10 000. The optimal coating concentration and the optimal working concentration were determined according to the A450/630 value and the P/N ratio (working reference A450/630 value/blank control A450/630 value). According to the indirect ELISA process, an indirect ELISA quantitative detection method for VZV-specific antibody was established. The linear range, accuracy, and precision of the method were verified. The titers of VZV-specific IgG antibody in 32 serum samples were detected by the established method, fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test, and commercially available VZV quantitative ELISA kit, and the results of the three methods were compared. Results:The optimal coating concentration was 0.25 μg/ml and the optimal working concentration of HRP-labeled antibody was 1∶10 000. The linear range of the standard curve was 0.015 7-1 mIU/ml; the recovery rate was 95.32%-110.99%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) values for repeatability and the intermediate precision were both less than 10%. The results of the established indirect ELISA were well correlated with the results of FAMA test and commercial ELISA kit (indirect ELISA & FAMA: the correlation coefficient was 0.886 4, indirect ELISA & commercially ELISA kit: the correlation coefficient was 0.806 6).Conclusions:The established indirect ELISA method for serum anti-VZV antibody detection has good accuracy and precision, and shows a good correlation with FAMA test and commercial VZV ELISA kit.

Objective:To establish and verify an indirect ELISA for quantitative detection of serum antibody against varicella-zoster virus (VZV).Methods:Recombinant VZV glycoprotein E (gE) was diluted with the coating buffer to concentrations of 2, 0.5, and 0.25 μg/ml. HRP-labeled antibody dilutions were 1∶2 000, 1∶5 000, and 1∶10 000. The optimal coating concentration and the optimal working concentration were determined according to the A450/630 value and the P/N ratio (working reference A450/630 value/blank control A450/630 value). According to the indirect ELISA process, an indirect ELISA quantitative detection method for VZV-specific antibody was established. The linear range, accuracy, and precision of the method were verified. The titers of VZV-specific IgG antibody in 32 serum samples were detected by the established method, fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test, and commercially available VZV quantitative ELISA kit, and the results of the three methods were compared. Results:The optimal coating concentration was 0.25 μg/ml and the optimal working concentration of HRP-labeled antibody was 1∶10 000. The linear range of the standard curve was 0.015 7-1 mIU/ml; the recovery rate was 95.32%-110.99%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) values for repeatability and the intermediate precision were both less than 10%. The results of the established indirect ELISA were well correlated with the results of FAMA test and commercial ELISA kit (indirect ELISA & FAMA: the correlation coefficient was 0.886 4, indirect ELISA & commercially ELISA kit: the correlation coefficient was 0.806 6).Conclusions:The established indirect ELISA method for serum anti-VZV antibody detection has good accuracy and precision, and shows a good correlation with FAMA test and commercial VZV ELISA kit.

Objective:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare autoimmune disease. This study aims to describe the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of Chinese PSC patients and explore risk factors associated with prognosis, addressing the lack of long-term prognostic analysis in China.Methods:Clinical data of PSC patients were retrospectively collected from May 2009 to June 2023 in Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and patient follow-up was conducted through outpatient visits, telephone calls, and medical record reviews. The Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier method were employed to identify risk factors and estimate transplant-free survival.Results:A total of 65 PSC patients were enrolled, with male patients accounting for 50.8% and an average age of onset of 44 years. The disease types primarily included large duct PSC (57.9%) and whole duct PSC (22.8%). Most patients (78.5%) sought medical attention due to symptoms, with common clinical manifestations including jaundice (32.3%), fatigue (23.1%), abdominal discomfort (21.5%), pruritus (16.9%), and fever (10.8%). A total of 19 patients (29.2%) had concomitant ulcerative colitis. Compared to large duct PSC or whole duct PSC, small duct PSC showed a lower proportion of concomitant ulcerative colitis ( P<0.001) and milder baseline disease severity. After a median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range: 11,53), 19 patients experienced liver transplantations and/or liver disease-related deaths. The overall 2-year and 5-year transplant-free survival rates for PSC patients were 76.0% and 59.5%, respectively. Elevated bile acid levels were identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients. Conclusion:The study population of Chinese PSC patients predominantly consisted of middle-aged males, characterized by a low ratio of asymptomatic cases, a low incidence of associated inflammatory bowel disease, and a low rate of transplant-free survival. Elevated bile acid level was identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of calcitriol intervention on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and wound healing in rats with diabetic foot ulcer(DFU).Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were divided into normal control(Con)group,DFU group,calcitriol low dose(L)group and calcitriol high dose(H)group.A circular wound of 5 mm in diameter and deep to the fascia was made on the dorsum of the left foot of rats in each group.HE staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of the wounds.Immunohistochemical method was selected to compare the distribution of CD34-positive cells and the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT in traumatic tissues of each group.ELISA was adopted in the detection of serum IL-6,IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-7.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of PI3K and AKT in each group,and western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,p-AKT and VEGF.Results Compared with Con group,the expressions of IL-6,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-7,CD34,PI3K mRNA,AKT mRNA,p-AKT protein,p-PI3K protein,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased,while PI3K protein expression decreased in DFU,L and H groups(P<0.05),VEGF and AKT protein expression decreased in DFV and L groups(P<0.05).Compared with DFU group,the expressions of VEGF,AKT and PI3K protein increased(P<0.05),while the expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT decreased in L and H groups(P<0.05),IL-6 decreased in L group(P<0.05),and CD34 expression increased in H group(P<0.05),while IL-6,IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-7,PI3K mRNA,AKT mRNA,p-AKT protein and p-PI3K protein expression decreased(P<0.05).Compared with L group,the expressions of CD34,VEGF,AKT and PI3K protein increased(P<0.05),while IL-6,PI3K mRNA,AKT mRNA,p-AKT protein,p-PI3K protein,p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT decreased in H group(P<0.05).Conclusions Calcitriol intervention may reduce the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,inhibit inflammation,promote neovascularization,and facilitate wound healing in rats with DFU.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of virtual reality arthroscopic simulation system combined with case-based learning (CBL) in orthopedic clinical teaching.Methods:From January 2021 to June 2022, a total of 36 residents who took the standardized residency training at Department of Articular Orthopedics in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into an experimental group and a control group, with 18 trainees in each group. The experimental group adopted the virtual reality arthroscopic simulation system combined with CBL teaching mode, while the control group adopted simple endoscopic simulation training box with traditional teaching mode. Theoretical and practical tests and questionnaire survey were carried out to evaluate the teaching effects in two groups. SPSS 22.0 was performed to conduct t-test on the measurement data between the two groups. Results:The theoretical and practical test scores of the experimental group [(89.39±3.09) and (82.72±4.28)] were better than those of the control group [(86.22±4.43) and (76.61±5.65)], with statistically significant differences ( t= 2.49, P=0.018; t=3.66, P=0.001). The questionnaire survey showed that the experimental group was better than the control group in creating novel forms of courses [(4.94±0.24) vs. (4.11±0.58), t=5.62, P<0.001], simulating more real scenes [(4.83±0.38) vs. (3.78±0.43), t=7.80, P<0.001], inspiring learning interests [(4.78±0.43) vs. (4.00±0.59), t=4.51, P<0.001], improving practical skills [(4.83±0.38) vs. (3.83±0.51), t=6.61, P<0.001], and building career confidence [(4.50±0.62) vs. (3.06±0.54), t=7.47, P<0.001], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Conclusions:The virtual reality arthroscopic simulation system combined with CBL teaching mode can better simulate the real clinical scenes, help inspire the interest of learning and quickly improve practical skills, thereby improving the effect of orthopedic clinical teaching.