Objective:To develop the Nurse Parenting Stress Scale and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on Abidin's Parenting Stress Theory, scale items were generated through literature review and semi-structured interviews. The initial version was constructed via Delphi expert consultation. Using a convenience sampling method, nurses from six hospitals in Shandong Province were surveyed between August and October 2024. The first survey collected 314 questionnaires (308 valid, effective recovery rate 98.1%) for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The second survey collected 458 questionnaires (447 valid, effective recovery rate 97.6%) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) .Results:The Nurse Parenting Stress Scale consists of 4 dimensions and 31 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.951, split-half reliability was 0.782, and test-retest reliability was 0.926. EFA extracted four common factors explaining 70.241% of the cumulative variance. CFA demonstrated a good model fit. The item-level content validity index ( I- CVI) ranged from 0.889 to 1.000, the scale-level universal agreement content validity index ( S- CVI/ UA) was 0.903, and the scale-level average content validity index ( S- CVI/ Ave) was 0.989. Conclusions:The Nurse Parenting Stress Scale shows strong reliability and validity and can serve as an effective tool for assessing parenting stress among nurses.

Objective:To develop the Nurse Parenting Stress Scale and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on Abidin's Parenting Stress Theory, scale items were generated through literature review and semi-structured interviews. The initial version was constructed via Delphi expert consultation. Using a convenience sampling method, nurses from six hospitals in Shandong Province were surveyed between August and October 2024. The first survey collected 314 questionnaires (308 valid, effective recovery rate 98.1%) for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The second survey collected 458 questionnaires (447 valid, effective recovery rate 97.6%) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) .Results:The Nurse Parenting Stress Scale consists of 4 dimensions and 31 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.951, split-half reliability was 0.782, and test-retest reliability was 0.926. EFA extracted four common factors explaining 70.241% of the cumulative variance. CFA demonstrated a good model fit. The item-level content validity index ( I- CVI) ranged from 0.889 to 1.000, the scale-level universal agreement content validity index ( S- CVI/ UA) was 0.903, and the scale-level average content validity index ( S- CVI/ Ave) was 0.989. Conclusions:The Nurse Parenting Stress Scale shows strong reliability and validity and can serve as an effective tool for assessing parenting stress among nurses.

Objective:To explore the improvement effect of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula combined with Dai meridian moxibustion on endometrial fibrosis in rats with intrauterine adhesions(IUA)by regulating M2 type macrophage polarization.Methods:SD rats were selected to establish an IUA model using a dual injury method of mechanical curettage and lipopolysaccharide infection,which were randomly separated into model group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were regarded as a sham operation(control)group,after grouping and treatment,the number of embryo implantation of rats in each group after cage closure was detected;HE staining was applied to detect pathological morphology of uterine tissue in rats in different groups,and their endometrial thickness and glandular number were compared;Masson staining was applied to detect endometrial fibrosis in rats of each group,and the collagen volume fraction(CVF)was compared;ELISA was applied to detect serum levels of profibrotic factor TGF-β1,pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6,and levels of procollagen type Ⅰ carboxy-terminal peptide(PⅠNP)and procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal peptide(PⅢNP)of rats in each group;immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect expressions of M2 type macrophage markers CD163 and CD68 in endometrium of rats in each group.Results:Compared with control group,model group showed obvious pathological damage to uterine tissue,thickness of endometrium was thinner,the number of glands and embryo implantation were obviously reduced(P<0.05),endometrial CVF,levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was reduced,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the numbers of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);compared with Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group and Dai meridian moxibustion group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was alleviated,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);there was no obvious change in all indicators between Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Combination of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula and Dai meridian moxibustion can promote the polarization of M2 type macrophages,thereby inhibiting inflammation and endometrial fibrosis in IUA rats,and improving their symptoms of uterine adhesions.

Objective:To explore the improvement effect of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula combined with Dai meridian moxibustion on endometrial fibrosis in rats with intrauterine adhesions(IUA)by regulating M2 type macrophage polarization.Methods:SD rats were selected to establish an IUA model using a dual injury method of mechanical curettage and lipopolysaccharide infection,which were randomly separated into model group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were regarded as a sham operation(control)group,after grouping and treatment,the number of embryo implantation of rats in each group after cage closure was detected;HE staining was applied to detect pathological morphology of uterine tissue in rats in different groups,and their endometrial thickness and glandular number were compared;Masson staining was applied to detect endometrial fibrosis in rats of each group,and the collagen volume fraction(CVF)was compared;ELISA was applied to detect serum levels of profibrotic factor TGF-β1,pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6,and levels of procollagen type Ⅰ carboxy-terminal peptide(PⅠNP)and procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal peptide(PⅢNP)of rats in each group;immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect expressions of M2 type macrophage markers CD163 and CD68 in endometrium of rats in each group.Results:Compared with control group,model group showed obvious pathological damage to uterine tissue,thickness of endometrium was thinner,the number of glands and embryo implantation were obviously reduced(P<0.05),endometrial CVF,levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group,Dai meridian moxibustion group,Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was reduced,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the numbers of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);compared with Tiaojing Zhuyun formula group and Dai meridian moxibustion group,pathological damage to uterine tissue of rats in Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group was alleviated,thickness of endometrium,the number of glands and embryo implantation,and the number of CD163 and CD68 positive cells in endometrium were increased(P<0.05),endometrial CVF and levels of serum PⅠNP,P Ⅲ NP,TGF-β1,IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced(P<0.05);there was no obvious change in all indicators between Tiaojing Zhuyun formula+Dai meridian moxibustion group and Bujiale group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Combination of Tiaojing Zhuyun formula and Dai meridian moxibustion can promote the polarization of M2 type macrophages,thereby inhibiting inflammation and endometrial fibrosis in IUA rats,and improving their symptoms of uterine adhesions.

Objective:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare autoimmune disease. This study aims to describe the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of Chinese PSC patients and explore risk factors associated with prognosis, addressing the lack of long-term prognostic analysis in China.Methods:Clinical data of PSC patients were retrospectively collected from May 2009 to June 2023 in Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and patient follow-up was conducted through outpatient visits, telephone calls, and medical record reviews. The Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier method were employed to identify risk factors and estimate transplant-free survival.Results:A total of 65 PSC patients were enrolled, with male patients accounting for 50.8% and an average age of onset of 44 years. The disease types primarily included large duct PSC (57.9%) and whole duct PSC (22.8%). Most patients (78.5%) sought medical attention due to symptoms, with common clinical manifestations including jaundice (32.3%), fatigue (23.1%), abdominal discomfort (21.5%), pruritus (16.9%), and fever (10.8%). A total of 19 patients (29.2%) had concomitant ulcerative colitis. Compared to large duct PSC or whole duct PSC, small duct PSC showed a lower proportion of concomitant ulcerative colitis ( P<0.001) and milder baseline disease severity. After a median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range: 11,53), 19 patients experienced liver transplantations and/or liver disease-related deaths. The overall 2-year and 5-year transplant-free survival rates for PSC patients were 76.0% and 59.5%, respectively. Elevated bile acid levels were identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients. Conclusion:The study population of Chinese PSC patients predominantly consisted of middle-aged males, characterized by a low ratio of asymptomatic cases, a low incidence of associated inflammatory bowel disease, and a low rate of transplant-free survival. Elevated bile acid level was identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients.

Objective:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare autoimmune disease. This study aims to describe the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of Chinese PSC patients and explore risk factors associated with prognosis, addressing the lack of long-term prognostic analysis in China.Methods:Clinical data of PSC patients were retrospectively collected from May 2009 to June 2023 in Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and patient follow-up was conducted through outpatient visits, telephone calls, and medical record reviews. The Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier method were employed to identify risk factors and estimate transplant-free survival.Results:A total of 65 PSC patients were enrolled, with male patients accounting for 50.8% and an average age of onset of 44 years. The disease types primarily included large duct PSC (57.9%) and whole duct PSC (22.8%). Most patients (78.5%) sought medical attention due to symptoms, with common clinical manifestations including jaundice (32.3%), fatigue (23.1%), abdominal discomfort (21.5%), pruritus (16.9%), and fever (10.8%). A total of 19 patients (29.2%) had concomitant ulcerative colitis. Compared to large duct PSC or whole duct PSC, small duct PSC showed a lower proportion of concomitant ulcerative colitis ( P<0.001) and milder baseline disease severity. After a median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range: 11,53), 19 patients experienced liver transplantations and/or liver disease-related deaths. The overall 2-year and 5-year transplant-free survival rates for PSC patients were 76.0% and 59.5%, respectively. Elevated bile acid levels were identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients. Conclusion:The study population of Chinese PSC patients predominantly consisted of middle-aged males, characterized by a low ratio of asymptomatic cases, a low incidence of associated inflammatory bowel disease, and a low rate of transplant-free survival. Elevated bile acid level was identified as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in PSC patients.

Objective To explore the clinical effects of Tiaojing Zhuyun mixture combined with regulating menstration and promoting pregnancy by thirteen acupuncture in the treatment of Declining Ovarian Function(DOR)combined with follicular dysplasia infertility.Methods From January 1,2022 to January 1,2023,60 cases of infertility patients with DOR follicular dysplasia were treated in our hospital,and the above cases were randomly divided into experimental group:Tiaojing Zhuyun mixture+ regulating menstration and promoting pregnancy by thirteen acupuncture + Clomiphene group;Control group:Clomiphene group,30 cases each.The improvement of FSH,maximum follicle size and ovulation,uterine artery blood flow index,endometrial thickness and pregnancy were observed after treatment.Results The improvement of follicle stimulating hormone,maximum follicle size,endometrial thickness and uterine artery blood flow indexes in Tiaojing Zhuyun mixture+ regulating menstration and promoting pregnancy by thirteen acupuncture + Clomiphene group were better than clomiphene group.The difference between groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The ovulation rate was 66.7%and the pregnancy rate was 40%.The ovulation rate was 40%higher than the control group,and the pregnancy rate was 20%.The difference between groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion In the patients with DOR follicular dysplasia infertility,Tiaojing Zhuyun mixture combined with regulating menstration and promoting pregnancy by thirteen acupuncture can improve the level of follicle stimulating hormone,promote follicular maturation and ovula-tion,reduce the resistance of uterine artery blood flow,increase the thickness of endometrial,promote pregnancy,and have fewer adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of serum adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) in patients with hepatitis E virus acute liver failure (HEV-ALF).Methods:From 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022, 100 patients each with HEV-ALF and acute hepatitis E (AHE) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University and Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in this case-control study. The HEV-ALF group was 58.56±11.16 years old, including 71 men. The AHE group was 56.04±14.30 years old, including 61 men. All serum samples were obtained before the patient had an acute onset and were obtained without treatment. Firstly, the serum AHCY levels in patients with HEV-ALF and AHE were analyzed by ELISA. Secondly, the serum AHCY levels in HEV-ALF patients with different organ failure and disease condition were compared. According to the number of organ failure, 100 HEV-ALF patients were divided into organ failure number=2 group ( n=58), number=3 group ( n=24) and number>3 groups ( n=18). According to the disease condition, 100 patients were divided into improvement group ( n=49), disease fluctuation group ( n=37), and deterioration group ( n=14). Thirdly, the survival times between the high serum AHCY level group ( n=50) and the low serum AHCY level group ( n=50) were compared. Finally, the independent risk factors to predict mortality using the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and evaluated the predictive and decision-making abilities of serum AHCY levels were explored using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results:Serum AHCY levels in HEV-ALF patients were significantly higher than those in AHE patients [326.92 (295.37-385.84) pg/ml vs. 222.88 (188.04-246.78) pg/ml, Z=-12.217, P<0.001]. Serum AHCY levels in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 3 [303.44 (284.40-330.15) pg/ml vs. 335.36 (306.30-385.84) pg/ml, Z=-3.353, P=0.001]. Serum AHCY level in group 3 were significantly lowerthan those in group>3 [335.36 (306.30-385.84) pg/ml vs. 549.89 (423.35-660.22) pg/ml, P<0.001]. The serum AHCY levels in the fluctuation group were lower than those in the deterioration group [322.17 (283.92-423.74) pg/ml vs. 458.26 (374.66, 593.89) pg/ml, Z=-4.016, P=0.009]. The survival time of high serum AHCY level group was significantly lower than that of low serum AHCY level group [23.11 (20.25-25.96) days vs. 29.49 (28.79-30.20) days, Z=-2.596, P<0.001]. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of serum AHCY and total bilirubin were independent risk factors to predict mortality in HEV-ALF patients [AHCY, OR (95% CI): 1.008 (1.002-1.015), P=0.008; total bilirubin, OR (95% CI): 1.011 (1.005-1.018), P=0.001]. Serum AHCY level predicting the area under the curve (AUC) of 30-day mortality in HEV-ALF patients was 0.912, with a sensitivity of 90.00% and a specificity of 93.75%. DCA results demonstrated that serum AHCY level had good decision-making power for predicting 30-day mortality in HEV-ALF patients. Conclusion:Serum AHCY has an important prognostic value for HEV-ALF patients. Higher serum AHCY levels indicate the worse prognosis of HEV-ALF patients.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of fenofibrate combined with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with poor biochemical response.Methods:The medical records of early PBC patients who were diagnosed with poor biochemical response to UDCA and treated with fenofibrate in Outpatient Department of the Liver Research Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2010 to January 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, so as to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination treatment. The combination treatment regimen consisted of fenofibrate and UDCA. The efficacy indicators were the efficacy rate and biochemical response rate. When the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased to below the baseline value before treatment after 12 months of combination therapy, it was defined as effectiveness, and when it decreased to <1.5 times of upper limit of normal (ULN), the biochemical response was achieved. The safety indicator was the incidence of adverse reactions (liver injury, kidney injury, etc.) related to fenofibrate.Results:A total of 42 patients were enrolled in the analysis, including 12 males and 30 females. The age was (53±10) years when fenofibrate was added and the duration of combination therapy was from 5 days to 34 months. The efficacy analysis of 34 patients with combined treatment showed that the average level of ALP decreased from the baseline value after 12 months of treatment, of which 10 patients (29.4%) fell to the reference value range, and the effective rate was 100%. The ALP was 235 (210, 326) U/L before treatment and decreased to 134 (104, 190) U/L after 12 months of treatment, with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.001). Of the 34 patients, 25 (73.5%) achieved biochemical response. The ALP before treatment was 221 (198, 256) U/L and decreased to 125 (99, 143) U/L after 12 months of treatment, with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.010). Of the 42 patients, 16 (38.1%) developed adverse reactions related to fenofibrate, including liver injury in 8 patients (19.0%, one case was complicated with hearthurn), kidney injury in 4 patients (9.5%), myalgia, facial edema, heartburn, headache, and skin itch with rash in 1 patient each (each 2.3%). Of the 8 patients with liver injury, 4 were mild, 1 was moderate, and 3 were severe; the mild cases were not intervened, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) returned to the baseline level after 2 months; in moderate and severe cases, ALT and total bilirubin returned to the baseline level after stopping fenofibrate and receiving liver protection treatment. Of the 4 patients with renal injury, the serum creatinine (Scr) in 2 patients returned to the baseline level after withdrawal of fenofibrate, in the other 2 patients it recovered to the reference value range spontaneously without drug withdrawal. Conclusions:Fenofibrate combination with UDCA is effective in the treatment of early PBC patients with poor biochemical response, the rate of biochemical response is 73.5%. The common adverse reactions of fenofibrate are liver injury and kidney injury. During the medication, the patients′ liver and kidney function should be closely monitored.

Patients with deep vein thrombosis require long-term anticoagulant therapy to prevent the spread or recurrence of the thrombus. Self-management can enhance patients' awareness of the disease and adherence to anticoagulant therapy, reducing the recurrence rate. This study reviews the current status, evaluation tools, intervention methods, and influencing factors of self-management in patients with deep vein thrombosis, providing reference for improving the home self-management ability of patients with deep vein thrombosis.