Mental state is an important part of the normal life activities of the human body, and it is also the most external expression and the most easily obtained information of the physical condition. The normal activities of the mind depend on the normal operation of the viscera, qi, and blood, and are a unified whole that prospers together and suffers together. The theory of the five-spirit-viscera in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic revealed that the normal mental activities of the human body were dominated by the five internal organs, that is, the five internal organs were the body and the five spirits were the function. And it highlighted the viewpoint that the five internal organs store the spirits and are actually one. The heart governs the spirit and belongs to the four internal organs. On this basis, Synopsis of Golden Chamber used the internal organs to diagnose and treat mental diseases, integrating the theory of the five spirits into it, forming a unique method of diagnosis and treatment with the heart as the leading factor and regulating the qi and blood of the four internal organs. It identified the pathogenesis of diseases such as pathogenic crying, lily disease, and hysteria from five levels: heart deficiency and weak qi, heart-lung disharmony, heart-liver disharmony, the heart of the loss of the spleen nourishment, and disharmony between heart and kidney. The treatment was mainly to replenish the deficiency of the viscera and eliminate the pathogens, reflecting the characteristics of regulating the mind and calming the four internal organs. This unique view on diagnosis and treatment has profoundly influenced the diagnosis and treatment theories of mental illnesses by later doctors, and is of great significance to the current clinical treatment of such illnesses.

Insufficient future liver remnant volume remains a critical limitation for single-stage resection in patients with hepatic malignancies. The techniques for promoting future liver remnant hypertrophy to realize two-stage hepatectomy include portal vein embolization， associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy， and portal vein ligation. In recent years， the application of auxiliary liver transplantation has further facilitated two-stage total hepatectomy. This article systematically reviews the clinical applications of these techniques and analyzes their advantages and limitations， so as to provide a reference for optimizing clinical decision-making.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules. METHODS Taking high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and evaporative light scattering detection as method， the fingerprint of 15 batches of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules was established， and similarity evaluation was performed by Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition） to determine common peaks. The common peaks were identified by comparing with reference substance chromatograms and single decoction piece chromatograms. Network pharmacology was used to screen out core targets and pathways of identified components， construct a “component-target-pathway” network diagram， and predict the pharmacodynamic components of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules， and the content determination of these components was carried out by the same method. RESULTS HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules were characterized with 40 common peaks， and 17 components including salvianolic acid B， astragaloside Ⅳ， notoginsenoside R1， and ginkgolide A were identified. Network pharmacology predicted that 17 components mainly acted on 97 core targets and 137 pathways to exert their pharmacological effect. Average contents of 13 bioactive components in 15 batches of samples were 0.126 8， 0.232 0， 0.073 8， 0.353 2， 3.620 2， 0.191 0， 0.333 3， 0.317 4， 0.785 0， 0.538 2， 0.460 0， 2.475 1 and 0.347 7 mg/g， including calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside， rosmarinic acid， formononetin， lithospermic acid， salvianolic acid B， ononin， ginsenoside Rb1， ginsenoside Rd， ginkgolide C， ginkgolide A， ginkgolide B， notoginsenoside R1， and astragaloside Ⅳ. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules can reflect the overall characteristics of the preparation. The content determination method for its pharmacodynamic components， developed in combination with network pharmacology， is accurate， reliable， and exhibits good repeatability， making it suitable for evaluating the quality of Yindan huoxue tongyu granules.

Objective To develop an endothelialized microfluidic chip model that simulates the spatial architecture and bioactivity of retinal vasculature,enabling thrombosis modeling and thrombolytic efficacy validation.Methods A tri-level microvascular network chip(300/200/100 μm diameters)with bifurcated architecture was fabricated using soft lithography.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs)were perfused into channels,with endothelial coverage monitored via phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining.Cellular bioactivity was assessed using mitochondrial membrane potential probes(5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide,JC-1)and nitric oxide(NO)quantification.Fresh blood samples from 10 healthy donors(Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University,March to June 2024)were perfused with digital injection pump to mimic blood flow in human body into 3 experimental groups:normal whole blood,and TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood,TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood.Three inlet blood flow rates of 37.8、11.1 and 3.5 μL/min were set in each group.Two experimental groups,normal saline and recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator(rtPA),were established using the endothelialized microfluidic thrombosis model to validate thrombolytic efficacy.Endothelial functional impacts were assessed through integrated DAPI/NO staining and thrombosis model analysis across 3 intervention phases:pre-thrombosis,post-thrombosis,and post-thrombolysis.Results A tri-level microfluidic vascular model(300/200/100 μm diameters)was successfully constructed.In 72 h after endothelial cell perfusion,complete channel coverage was achieved,with phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining confirming confluent cellular alignment.JC-1/NO assays validated preserved endothelial bioactivity.Compared with the whole blood group,both TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood and TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood groups exhibited significantly increased thrombus occupancy rates at identical flow rates(all P<0.001).Notably,TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood group demonstrated the highest thrombus ratio at 3.5 μL/min(P<0.001).The rtPA group showed superior thrombolytic efficacy versus saline(P<0.001).Endothelial monolayer integrity was maintained across intervention phases,with thrombosis triggering significant NO elevation(P<0.001).Conclusion Our retinal vasculature-mimetic microfluidic model enables precise thrombosis modeling and drug evaluation,providing new methodology for studying retinal vascular occlusive diseases.

Amblyopia is a common visual development disorder and is the main cause of monocular vision impairment in children and adults. Photobiomodulation(PBM), a non-invasive treatment method, has gradually gained attention in the field of ophthalmology. This paper begins with the macroscopic manifestation of light on the animal model of amblyopia. Additionally, it discusses the pathological changes of the amblyopic retina and the human eye's central nervous system, as well as the influence and mechanism of PBM on the visual perception and processing system and its chemical effect on the visual system through dopamine and melatonin. It examines its mechanism of action, current clinical application status, and future development direction in order to provide new ideas and theoretical foundation for amblyopia treatment.

The theory of"conjunction of annual and seasonal energies"is a core component of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors theory.Its formation integrates ancient astronomy-calendars,five-element philosophy,and clinical practice.This study,through textual research and theoretical analysis,reveals that it originated from the pre-Qin period five-element triple combination theory,with The Inner Canon of Huangdi as its theoretical foundation.Integrating the"twelve palaces of longevity"and"twelve months"systems from classics like Rishu and Huainanzi,it constructs a five-element periodic model framed by"growth,prosperity,and tomb."This theory simulates the process of qi's growth,flourishing,aging,and death via the twelve palaces of five-element longevity.Through the spatiotemporal connection between earthly branch triple combinations(e.g.,yin-wu-xu fire combination,shen-zi-chen water combination)and the twelve months,it explains climatic cycles and changes in human qi activity.In clinical application,it corresponds structurally to the"opening-closing-pivoting"theory of three yin and three yang,offering new ideas for qi regulation.It has also derived the"earthly branch triple combination"acupuncture methods:for postherpetic neuralgia,it uses shen-zi-chen water combination and yin-wu-xu fire combination with five-shu point,regulating heart and kidney via reinforcing-reducing techniques.In heavenly stem-earthly branch auricular therapy,it builds a three-dimensional"auricular position-viscera-five evolutive phases and six climatic factors"regulatory model centered on five-element triple combinations.For children with bronchial asthma in remission,it applies earth combination auricular points to reinforce earth to generate metal,combined with five evolutive phases and six climatic factors characteristics for individualized intervention.This theory deepens the holistic medical view of"correspondence between human body and natural environment"and provides new perspectives and methods for traditional Chinese medicine chronomedicine and syndrome differentiation.

Objective:To explore immunoregulatory function of long non-coding RNA Gm26688 on macrophages RAW264.7,macrophages stimulated by LPS were treated with Chinese giant salamander(CGS)collagen peptides to explore role of Gm26688 in mechanism of CGS collagen peptides in regulating inflammatory reflection.Methods:Gm26688 sequence was cloned by RT-PCR,Gm26688 localization in macrophage was analyzed by RNA-FISH;qRT-PCR was performed to detect expressions of Gm26688 and inflammatory factors after LPS and CGS bone collagen peptides treatment;expression of Gm26688 was silenced by small interfering RNA(siRNA),and qRT-PCR was used to detect effects of LPS and CGS bone collagen peptides on expression of inflammatory factors after Gm26688 interference;Western blot was used to detect protein expression of NF-κB p65 and its phosphorylation level.Results:LPS significantly promoted expression of Gm26688.RT-PCR amplified Gm26688 sequence,and RNA-FISH showed that Gm26688 was mainly expressed in nucleus.CGS bone collagen peptides inhibited expression of Gm26688 induced by LPS,and<3 kD CGS bone collagen peptides had the most significant inhibitory effect on Gm26688.CGS bone collagen peptides(<3 kD)significantly inhibited LPS-induced expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β.Interference of Gm26688 significantly down-regulated expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS or LPS+CGS bone collagen peptides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Western blot results showed that CGS bone collagen peptides down-regulated level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation through Gm26688.Conclu-sion:CGS bone collagen peptides inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via Gm26688/NF-κB pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze four patients with a 16q22 fragile site with miscarriage or infertility by using cytogenetic methods. METHODS: Four patients presented at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital between January 2022 and December 2024 were selected as the study subjects. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients and subjected to G-banded chromosomal karyotyping, among whom two were also subjected to copy number variation (CNV) sequencing. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No. 2020-022). RESULTS: The chromosomal karyotypes of the patients were mos 46,XX,fra(16)(q22)[26]/47,XX,del(16)(q22),+chrb(16)(q22)[4]/46,XX,del(16)(q22)[3]/46,XX[91], mos 46,XY,fra(16)(q22)[21]/46,XY,del(16)(q22)[3]/46,XY[76], mos 46,XX,fra(16)(q22)[21]/ 46,XX,del(16)(q22)[4]/46,XX[75] and mos 46,XX,fra(16)(q22)[16]/46,XX,del(16)(q22)[7]/47,XX,del(16)(q22),+chrb(16)(q22)[6]/47,XX,fra(16)(q22),+chrb(16)(q22)[3]/46,XX[68], respectively. CNV sequencing of patients 2 and 4 revealed no deletion or duplication on chromosome 16. CONCLUSION Identification of the 16q22 fragile site has facilitated genetic counseling for these patients.
Humans ; Chromosome Fragile Sites/genetics* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics* ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics* ; Karyotyping

Objective:To explore the implementation and effectiveness evaluation of an online-offline blended teaching method based on Outcome-Based Education(OBE)concept in integrated curriculum.Methods:A total of 28 students from Class 1 of the grade 2017 Information Management program,who underwent the traditional classroom teaching method before the reform of the Basic Medical Concepts course,were selected as the control group.Their evaluation was based on final exam scores(70%)and experimental scores(30%).In contrast,29 students from Class 1 of the grade 2019 Information Management program,who experienced the OBE teaching concept combined with online-offline blended teaching after the reform,were selected as the experimental group.Their evaluation included final exam scores(60%),experimental scores(20%),regular performance(10%),and online course performance(10%).The total scores,excellence rates,and course satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The experimental group showed higher total scores,excellence rates,and course satisfaction compared to the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion:In the teaching of integrated curriculum,optimizing and integrating online resources and offline classroom teaching based on the OBE concept,reforming the teaching evaluation method,and forming a scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation system are important ways and measures to achieve better teaching results in blended teaching.

Allergen immunotherapy（AIT）can alter the natural course of allergic diseases through immunomodulatory mechanisms and maintain the efficacy after completion. The induction of immune tolerance by AIT is considered to be effective treatment and the mechanism involves the participation of a variety of immune cells，including effector T cells，B cells，dendritic cells，innate lymphoid cells，mast cells and basophils. Studies have found that a variety of immune cells in peripheral blood changed during AIT treatment and the changes of some immune cells were related to the efficacy of AIT，which may provide some theoretical reference for practical clinical activities and may become potential biomarkers for predicting and evaluating the efficacy of AIT. This article reviews the changes of peripheral blood immune cells in the treatment of AIT.