Sacroiliac complex injuries are commonly seen in high-energy pelvic fractures. The injuries make a big difference in treatment patterns due to the diverse injury types, posing considerable challenges in formulating optimal treatment strategies, and hence are persistent clinical difficulties in orthopedic trauma. The clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries presents several key challenges such as a non-negligible rate of missed diagnoses in associated vascular and visceral injuries, absence of standardized protocols for surgical approaches and reduction-fixation strategies across different injury patterns, and ongoing controversies regarding surgical indications and optimal timing for patients combined with concomitant lumbosacral plexus injuries. Currently, no systematic clinical guidelines are available for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries both domestically and internationally. To this end, the Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery Group, Orthopedic Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and Orthopedic Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized a panel of domestic experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medicine and adhering to the principles of scientific rigor, clinical applicability, and innovation. These guidelines provided 11 recommendations covering diagnosis, therapeutic principles and techniques, management protocols for lumbosacral plexus injuries, outcome evaluation, and postoperative rehabilitation pathways, etc., aiming to standardize the clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Sacroiliac complex injuries are commonly seen in high-energy pelvic fractures. The injuries make a big difference in treatment patterns due to the diverse injury types, posing considerable challenges in formulating optimal treatment strategies, and hence are persistent clinical difficulties in orthopedic trauma. The clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries presents several key challenges such as a non-negligible rate of missed diagnoses in associated vascular and visceral injuries, absence of standardized protocols for surgical approaches and reduction-fixation strategies across different injury patterns, and ongoing controversies regarding surgical indications and optimal timing for patients combined with concomitant lumbosacral plexus injuries. Currently, no systematic clinical guidelines are available for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries both domestically and internationally. To this end, the Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery Group, Orthopedic Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and Orthopedic Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized a panel of domestic experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medicine and adhering to the principles of scientific rigor, clinical applicability, and innovation. These guidelines provided 11 recommendations covering diagnosis, therapeutic principles and techniques, management protocols for lumbosacral plexus injuries, outcome evaluation, and postoperative rehabilitation pathways, etc., aiming to standardize the clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Abstract Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

Accurate classification of the acetabular injuries and appropriate treatment plan are great challenges for orthopedic surgeons because of the irregular anatomical structure of the acetabulum and aggregation of important vessels and nerves around it. Letournel-Judet classification system has been widely applied to classify acetabular fractures. However, there are several limitations, including incomplete inclusion of fracture types, difficulty in understanding and insufficient guidance for surgical treatment, etc. Serious complications such as traumatic arthritis are common due to wrong classification and diagnosis and improper selection of surgical strategy, which brings a heavy burden to the society and families. Three-column classification, based on anatomic characteristics, has advantages of containing more fracture types and being easy to understand, etc. To solve the problems existing in the diagnosis and treatment process based on Letournel-Judet classification, achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with acetabular fractures, and obtain satisfactory prognosis, the Orthopedic Trauma Emergency Center of Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University and the Trauma Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Orthopedic Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate the Expert consensus on the accurate diagnosis and treatment of acetabular fractures based on three-column classification ( version 2023) in terms of principles of evidence-based medicine. Based on the three-column classification, 15 recommendations were proposed, covering the diagnosis, treatment, complication prevention and management, etc, so as to provide reference for accurate diagnosis and treatment of acetabular fractures.

Glycosite-specific antibody‒drug conjugatess (gsADCs), harnessing Asn297 N-glycan of IgG Fc as the conjugation site for drug payloads, usually require multi-step glycoengineering with two or more enzymes, which limits the substrate diversification and complicates the preparation process. Herein, we report a series of novel disaccharide-based substrates, which reprogram the IgG glycoengineering to one-step synthesis of gsADCs, catalyzed by an endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) of Endo-S2. IgG glycoengineering via ENGases usually has two steps: deglycosylation by wild-type (WT) ENGases and transglycosylation by mutated ENGases. But in the current method, we have found that disaccharide LacNAc oxazoline can be efficiently assembled onto IgG by WT Endo-S2 without hydrolysis of the product, which enables the one-step glycoengineering directly from native antibodies. Further studies on substrate specificity revealed that this approach has excellent tolerance on various modification of 6-Gal motif of LacNAc. Within 1 h, one-step synthesis of gsADC was achieved using the LacNAc-toxin substrates including structures free of bioorthogonal groups. These gsADCs demonstrated good homogeneity, buffer stability, in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity. This work presents a novel strategy using LacNAc-based substrates to reprogram the multi-step IgG glycoengineering to a one-step manner for highly efficient synthesis of gsADCs.

Objective:To explore the application effect of micro-lecture based on virtual reality technology on the standardized residency training in the department of orthopedics.Methods:A total of 40 trainees who received standardized residency training in department of orthopedics from December 2019 to August 2020 were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 20 cases in each group. For the same orthopedic teaching content, the control group received the conventional training, and the experimental group received micro-lecture teaching based on digital virtual reality technology. And the teaching effect of the two groups and the feedback of the trainees on the teaching were compared. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test. Results:Compared with the students in the control group, the trainees in the experimental group had better performance in theoretical knowledge, comprehension of surgery, and clinical skills, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the trainees in the experimental group scored higher in satisfaction with class interest [(9.69±0.28) vs. (9.24±0.42)] and participation [(4.38±0.43) vs. (4.03±0.62)], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For the standardized residency training in the department of orthopedics, micro-lecture teaching based on virtual reality technology is more conducive to improving students' academic performance and clinical skills compared with traditional teaching, and increasing the interest and participation of students in the process of standardized residency training.

Ovarian cancer is one of the three major malignant tumors in gynecology, which is characterized with occult onset and rapid progression. Most diagnosed patients are in the advanced stage, therefore, it is important to seek new and effective early diagnosis methods to improve survival rate and theprognosis. miRNA is a key molecule involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression and almost all biological processes, including cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation, and tumor formation. More and more studies have found that miRNA is closely related to human malignancies and is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues compared with the healthy people. The expressions of miRNA have differences in different clinical stage and the histological differentiation, chemotherapy resistance and sensitivity of ovarian cancer. At the same time, miRNA is also involved in the regulation of the development of ovarian cancer, affecting the prognosis of ovarian cancer. This paper reviews the progress of miRNA in ovarian cancer, providing new ideas for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. This paper reviews the progress of miRNA in ovarian carcinoma.

Objective To examine the value of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in a general hospital.Methods A retrospective study was conducted for the 459 patients treated in a general hospital from June 2010 to May 2015.All the patients had symptoms and radiographic changes suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis but smearnegative.All patients were subjected to bronchoscopy,including brushing,bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBB).The bronchoscopic specimens were submitted for direct smear and acid-fast stain,Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture or histopathological assay,respectively.Results The diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoscopy in 378 (82.4％) of the 459 patients.Of the 378 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed,pulmonary tuberculosis was identified in 238 patients (63.0％).Other diagnoses included bronchogenic carcinoma,non-specific inflammation,organizing pneumonia,pulmonary fungal infection,interstitial pneumonia,sarcoidosis,nontuberculous mycobacterial infection.Of the patients with confirmed diagnosis by bronchoscopy,the sensitivity for diagnosis was 57.95％ by direct smear and acid-fast stain of brushing or BALF,79.78％ by culture of BALF,and 56.93％ by histopathological assay of TBB specimens.The integrated method by combining smear and stain,culture and histopathological assay of TBB specimens could improve the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value to 91.01％,97.46％,97.98％ and 88.89％.Conclusions For the patients whose clinical manifestations and imaging changes are suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis but smear-negative,bronchoscopy is a valuable method for the diagnosis,which should be adopted as a routine test in clinical practice.