Objective: To explore the short-term improvement effect of physical exercise and cognitive training on inhibitory control function of college students, and to clarify the temporal quantitative-effectiveness relationships between long-term exercise-integrated cognitive interventions and inhibitory control function of college students, in order to provide a reference for promoting inhibitory control function in this population. Methods: College students from Tianjin University of Sport were recruited in May 2022 to participate in the intervention study, which included both short-term and long-term interventions. The short-term intervention used a 2 (physical exercise: yes，no) × 2 (cognitive training: yes，no) between-groups design, with 69 participants randomized into a movement integration cognitive group ( n =18)，a physical exercise group ( n =16)，a cognitive training group ( n =17)，and a control group (sedentary viewing of a health information video, n =18)，for a 30 min intervention.The long term intervention used a mixed experimental design with a 2 (intervention groups; intervention group，control group, between-group variable) ×5 (intervention time: pre-test, 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks, within-group variable) mixed experimental design with 24 participants, including 13 in the intervention group，who underwent the exercise-integrated cognitive intervention for 30 min, 3 times per week, and 11 in the control group, who maintained their daily activities without the intervention. The main effects of the independent variables and their interactions were analyzed using covariance and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was a statistically significant interaction between physical exercise and cognitive training on accuracy of the Flanker task for the short intervention[ F (1,64) =7.05, P =0.01, η 2 P=0.10], and the simple effect test showed that cognitive training reduced accuracy of responses in the presence of physical exercise condition( P =0.02), and the main effect of physical exercise among college students was significant for the reaction time [ F (1,65) =14.12, P < 0.01 , η 2 p =0.18]; for Flanker task reaction time in the long-term intervention, the main effect of intervention time was significant[ F (4,19) = 3.03 , P =0.04, η 2 P =0.39].However, the intervention results of 1, 4, 6 and 8 weeks in the intervention group [(28.13±10.32)( 14.14 ±26.98)(13.54±25.61)(15.14±21.34)ms] were all better than the pre-test [(77.54± 39.34 )ms], the main effect of intervention group was significant [ F (1,22) =6.96, P =0.02, η =0.24]. Conclusion In a short-term intervention for inhibitory control function in college students, physical exercise is more effective than cognitive training; long-term exercise and cognitive training can improve the inhibitory control function of college students.

【Objective】 To analyze nutrition-related factors that affect the prevalence of myopia in adolescents, in order to provide reference for primary prevention of myopia. 【Methods】 A stratified sampling method was used to select 385 adolescents from Zhengding County in October 2021. Adolescents in this study took vision testing, physical examination and completed a questionnaire survey. One-way analysis of variance and lasso regression were used to screen the variables, and Logistic regression was used to determine the possible influencing factors of myopia. Factor analysis was adopted to extract the dietary patterns of adolescents in Zhengding County, then the association between dietary patterns and myopia was analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 385 adolescents were surveyed, with the prevalence rate of myopia of about 68.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed that fried food(OR=8.480, 95%CI:1.058 - 67.971) was a risk factor for myopia, while intake of milk and dairy products(OR=0.994, 95%CI:0.991 - 0.999), soybeans and nuts(OR=0.997, 95%CI:0.994 - 0.999), no myopia in either parent(OR=0.312, 95%CI:0.115 - 0.845), physical education class 4 times per week(OR=0.269, 95%CI:0.074 - 0.984) were statistically associated with a lower risk of myopia(P<0.05). Three dietary patterns was extracted through factor analysis, including diversified dietary pattern, soy-hybrid dietary pattern, and snack and beverage dietary pattern. Logistic analysis results indicated that soy-hybrid dietary pattern(OR=0.85, 95%CI:0.73 - 0.99,P<0.05) was statistically associated with myopia. 【Conclusions】 The problem of myopia among adolescents in Zhengding County is more serious. Increasing the intake of milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts, reducing the intake of fried foods, and adjusting the overall dietary structure should be recommended in order to prevent the development of myopia in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening in high-risk populations. However, the ideal HCC screening interval and screening modality have not been determined. This study aimed to compare the screening efficacy among different modalities with various intervals. METHODS: PubMed and other nine databases were searched through June 30, 2021. Binary outcomes were pooled using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Survival rates were also pooled using RR with 95% CIs because most eligible studies only provided the number of survival patients instead of hazard ratio. RESULTS: In all, 13 studies were included. Two random controlled trials (RCTs) and six cohort studies compared screening intervals for ultrasonography (US) screening and found no significant differences between shorter (3- or 4-month) and longer (6- or 12-month) screening intervals in terms of early HCC proportion, HCC significant mortality, 1-year survival rate; screening at 6-month interval significantly increased the proportion of early HCC (RR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.26) and prolonged the 5-year survival rate (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07-1.82) relative to the 12-month interval results. Three other RCTs and two cohort studies compared different screening modalities in cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B, which indicated no statistical differences in the proportion of early HCC (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.40-1.96) and HCC mortality (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.23-2.09) between the biannual US and annual computed tomography (CT screening). Biannual US screening showed a lower proportion of early HCC than biannual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.97) and biannual US combined with annual CT (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13-1.51) screening. The proportion of early HCC in the contrast-enhanced US group was slightly higher than that in the B-mode US (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.23) group. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests that 6 months may be the best HCC screening interval for US screening. The effectiveness of CT and MRI is better than US during same screening intervals. However, MRI and CT are more expensive than US, and CT also can increase the risk of radiation exposure. The selection of CT or MRI instead of US should be carefully considered. REGISTRATION No. CRD42020148258 at PROSPERO website ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ).
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications* ; Risk Factors ; Cohort Studies

Physical exercise helps promote successful aging, meaning that physical exercise can promote the physical health of the elderly and achieve healthy aging.It can also improve the mental health of the elderly and help achieve active aging.In addition, it can enhance social participation of the elderly and help achieve productive aging.To take advantage of the benefits of exercise for successful aging, the selection of paths should follow the principles of evidence-based exercise and scientifically proven exercise to avoid ineffective exercise or other negative effects of exercise, give priority to the natural environment to maximize exercise benefits, consider harmonious integration into social situations to improve the sense of social participation of the elderly, and formulate specific exercise plans to offer customized exercise prescriptions to realize the best results.

Objective To establish the key question list for the development of evidencebased guideline in China according to the content and limitation of current evidence-based guidelines around the world.Methods First,we introduced the evidence-based guidelines in detail which met the criteria based on World Health Organization guideline development handbook and then formulated the draft list of key questions for the development of evidence-based guidelines.At last,the Delphi method was used to determine the list of key questions in developing evidence-based guidelines of colorectal cancer screening.Results Totally,34 questionnaires were collected,with experts from clinical and epidemiological fields.The average experts' authority coefficient was 0.81,indicating a high degree of authority.The concentration of opinions on all items in the questionnaire was relatively high,with the full score ratio greater than 75％ and the coefficient of variation less than 0.3.The list of key questions on evidence-based guidelines for colorectal cancer screening has been divided into six parts:epidemiological problems,risk classification,screening age,screening tools,implementation and selection of steering group members,which covers the issues that need to be considered in the development of evidence-based colorectal cancer screening guidelines in China.Conclusion The key question list for evidence-based guideline development in our study can be applied to the development of evidence-based guidelines for colorectal cancer screening in the future,as well as the development of evidence-based guidelines for other cancer screening in China.

Objective:The objective of the study was systematically summarized the current status of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening guidelines, and evaluated the HCC screening guidelines according to the authoritative framework of cancer screening guidelines of authoritative institutions, which provided important value for the formulation of HCC screening evidence-based guidelines.Methods:Literature search was conducted in multiple databases from their inception dates to January 3, 2019. In addition, we sought relevant websites further was searched to identify potentially eligible studies. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data. Qualitative description of the basic information, recommendations of HCC screening, source of evidence and update progress of the HCC screening guidelines was conducted.Results:At present, there were no independent HCC screening guidelines worldwide. There were only 17 clinical practice HCC guidelines briefly provided the recommendation of HCC screening. Current HCC screening guidelines only recommended screening for high-risk groups of HCC. All guidelines have identified patients with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C and cirrhosis as high-risk groups for HCC. Most of guidelines recommended screening intervals was 6 months. The latest guidelines in Europe and the United States recommended ultrasound for screening HCC. The combination of ultrasound and AFP was recommended in the Asian guidelines. Currently, HCC screening guidelines mainly recommended screening strategies based on factors such as risk of HCC, accuracy of screening modality, screening cost, etc.. The key factors such as screening efficacy and safety have not yet been considered comprehensively. Conclusions:There were no independent HCC screening guidelines worldwide. Only some clinical practice HCC guidelines briefly mentioned HCC screening. Currently, the guidelines only recommend screening for high-risk groups of HCC, with a screening interval of 6 months. There are differences in screening modalities recommended by European, American and Asian guidelines for screening HCC. It is suggested that the relevant institutions should formulate the evidence-based HCC screening guidelines by referring to the theoretical framework of other authoritative other cancer screening guidelines.

To explore evaluation of echocardiography (ECG) for early change of right ventricular function in aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods :A total of 45 aged patients with mild‐moderate stable COPD were selected as COPD group , and another 45 healthy volunteers were regarded as healthy control group .Two‐dimensional ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound indexes were measured and compared be‐tween two groups ,and their correlation were analyzed .Results :Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in right ventricular transverse diameter [RVTD ,(28.03 ± 2.83) mm vs.(37.55 ± 5.44) mm] ,right ventricular wall thickness [RVWT ,(4.79 ± 0.44) mm vs.(5.04 ± 0.66) mm] ,right ventricular myocardial per‐formance index [RVMPI , (0.38 ± 0.06 ) vs .(0.54 ± 0.12 )] , tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient [TRPG , (9. 50 ± 1. 93) vs.(36.87 ± 6.27 )] , tricuspid diastolic peak E／tissue Doppler tricuspid annular diastolic e′[E／e′, (4. 24 ± 0. 72) vs.(6.48 ± 1. 51)] and significant reductions in right ventricular fraction area change [FAC ,(53. 35 ± 5.41)% vs.(40.21 ± 7.24)%] ,tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE ,(20. 78 ± 2.64) vs.(14. 15 ± 2.44)] ,tricuspid early／late diastolic peak flow velocity [E／A , (1.17 ± 0.19 ) vs.(0.73 ± 0.14 )] , and tissue Doppler tricuspid annular systolic peak velocity [DTIs′,(13. 71 ± 1.25) vs.(12.92 ± 1. 70)] in COPD group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that TRPG was significant positively correlated with RVTD , RVMPI and RVWT ( r＝0. 440～0.830 , P＜0. 01 all) ,and significant inversely correlated with FAC ,TAPSE and DTIs＇( r＝ －0.615～ －0.561 , P＝0.001 all).Conclusion :RVTD ,FAC ,TAPSE ,tricuspid E／A ,E／e＇,RVMPI and TRPG etc .can be used to assess early change of right ventricular function .

OBJECTIVETo observe the multiple symptom distribution, severity and quality of life of female pelvic floor dysfunction(FPFD) patients with constipation as chief complaint.

METHODSOne hundred FPFD patients with constipation as chief complaint from Speciaty Outpatient Clinic, Pelvic Floor Center of Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2015 and February 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. A comprehensive medical history questionnaire survey and systematical evaluation of severity and quality of life of these patients with constipation was conducted. Constipation scoring system scale (CSS) and patient-assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire (PAC-QOL) were applied to evaluate the constipation. Other scales included: (1)pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and short form-36 questionnaire (SF-36): if combined with chronic functional anal rectal pain; (2) international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-short form (ICIQ-SF) and urinary incontinence quality of life questionnaires (I-QOL):if combined with urinary incontinence; (3) fecal incontinence severity score scale (Wexner-FIS) and fecal incontinence quality of life questionnaire (FI-QOL):if combined with fecal incontinence.

RESULTSThe mean age of 100 FPFD patients was (57.9±13.9) (24-89) years and the mean disease course was (7.0±8.2)(0.5-40.0) years. Seventy-five cases (75%) were complicated with anal pain, 70 with urinary incontinence, 37 with rectocele, 19 with nocturia, 11 with urinary frequency, 10 with defecation incontinence. Complication with only one symptom was observed in 20 cases (20%), and with two or more symptoms was observed in 80 cases (80%). Pelvic floor relaxation syndrome patients were dominant (58 cases, 58%). The severity of constipation (CSS) was 6-22 (13.89±3.79) points and the quality of life (PAC-QOL) was 45-133 (87.13±18.57) points in FPFD patients. VAS and SF-36 of patients combined with chronic functional anal rectal pain were 1-8 (3.0±1.9) points and 14.4-137.0(71.5±31.4) points respectively. ICIQ-SF and I-QOL of patients combined with urinary incontinence were 1-17 (6.1±3.6) points and 52-110 (90.0±15.8) points respectively. Wexner-FIS and FI-QOL of patients combined with fecal incontinence were 1-11 (4.4±3.0) points and 52-116 (83.4±23.3) points respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe symptoms of FPFD patients with constipation as chief complaint are complex. They are mainly complicated with anal diseases, then urinary incontinence, and mostly with more than 2 symptoms. Their quality of life is poor.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Constipation ; etiology ; Fecal Incontinence ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Floor ; Pelvic Floor Disorders ; complications ; diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

The study examined the self-concept,self-esteem and mental health of 401 students in juvenile sports schools and 430 pupils in grades 4 to 6 of general schools.The results showed that the self-concept,self-esteem and mental health of medium-and high-grade primary school students were influenced by school types,grades and genders in different degrees.The self-esteem of general school pupils was higher than that of sports school students,while that of the four-grade students was significantly higher than that of the six-grade students,that of girls higher than boys.The mental health of schoolgirls was slightly higher than that of schoolboys.Moreover,the mental health of students in general schools increased with the grade,while that of students in juvenile sports school decreased with the increase of grade.The self-esteem played the role as a mediator between self-concept and mental health.Therefore,we should pay more attention to the self-esteem and mental health of students in juvenile sports school students.In addition,importance should be attached to the mental condition of the boys in the high grades of primary schools,especially to those six graders in sports schools.Meanwhile,we can improve the mental health of primary school students by improving their self-concept and self-esteem.

Objective:To investigate reperfusion and secondary preventive drug therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in provincial, city and county levels hospitals of China.
Methods:A total of 18,967 STEMI patients within 7 days of symptom onset from 2013-01-01 to 2014-09-30 were enrolled by China acute myocardial infarction (CAMI) registry study group from 107 hospitals covering 31 provinces/autonomous regions, cities and counties in China;223 patients were excluded for key information missing. Demographic data, reperfusion as primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), thrombolytic therapy (TT) and secondary preventive drug therapy as aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, statins,β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) were analyzed and compared among 3 levels of hospitals.
Results:There were 9,885/18,744 (52.7%) patients received reperfusion including 8,038 (42.9%) pPCI and 1,847 (9.9%) TT. Reperfusion rate in provincial hospital (61.8%, 4041/6537) was higher than city hospital (49.1%, 4728/9625) and county hospital (43.2%, 1116/2582), P<0.001;reperfusion type was distinctive among 3 levels of hospitals, for provincial hospital:pPCI was performed in 3,840 (58.7%), TT in 201(3.07%) patients;for city hospital:pPCI in 3,753 (39.0%), TT in 975 (10.1%) patients;for county hospital:pPCI in 445 (17.2%), TT in 671 (26.0%) patients. 12,502 patients arrived hospital within 12 h of symptom onset and 8,835 (70.8%) of them received reperfusion including 7089 (56.7%) patients with pPCI and 1,746 (14.1%) with TT. 3537 (80%) patients received reperfusion in provincial hospital, 4272 (67.5%) in city hospital and 1045 (59.8%) in county hospital, P<0.001.The in-hospital application of statins was in 16,575 (90.9%) patients, aspirin was 17,963 (96.8%), P2Y12 inhibitors was 17,922 (96.5%),β-blockers was 12,657 (68.2%) and ACEI/ARB was 10,541 (56.8%) respectively;the therapeutic condition was similar among 3 levels of hospitals.
Conclusion:In CAMI Registry, 70.8%arrived hospital within12 h of symptom onset had been treated by reperfusion therapy in China; the reperfusion rate in county hospital was obviously lower. The secondary preventive drug therapy condition was similar among 3 levels of hospitals.