Antineoplastic drugs have clear health hazards to the human body. In recent years, the scale of use of antineoplastic drugs had continued to expand, and the occupational exposure risk of medical personnel had also increased, which had attracted widespread attention. Taking effective measures to prevent occupational exposure can protect the health of medical personnel. This article reviewed the laws, regulations, guidelines, and industry guidance documents on occupational exposure prevention and control of antineoplastic drugs issued by relevant departments and associations in China. It summarized the scientific management experience of antineoplastic drugs in China, with the aim of reducing the occupational exposure risk of antineoplastic drugs in the future, and assisting the healthy development of China's medical and health industry.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) stands as one of the most challenging landmark procedures in general surgery. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), a common complication following PD, predisposes patients to secondary pathologies and remains difficult to avoid. Reducing its incidence and mitigating its impact have become focal points in pancreatic surgical research. This article comprehensively reviews domestic and international literature to systematically analyze key factors influencing POPF across three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management. By gaining deeper insights into the pathogenesis of POPF, this review aims to enhance clinical understanding among healthcare professionals, facilitate the implementation of preventive strategies, and offer novel perspectives for minimizing postoperative fistula risks.

Standardised emergency management protocols for hand injury in microsurgery is critical, as it directly determines ultimate clinical outcomes. This consensus consolidates expert insights regarding diagnostic and treatment procedure for hand injury in microsurgery, emergency support protocols and key points of emergency workflow optimisation. It summarises the opinions of experts and puts forward standardised recommendations to guide clinical practice in microsurgical treatment process, so as to further improve the quality of treatment for hand injury in microsurgery and maximise the protection of limb function and quality of life of patients.

Standardised emergency management protocols for hand injury in microsurgery is critical, as it directly determines ultimate clinical outcomes. This consensus consolidates expert insights regarding diagnostic and treatment procedure for hand injury in microsurgery, emergency support protocols and key points of emergency workflow optimisation. It summarises the opinions of experts and puts forward standardised recommendations to guide clinical practice in microsurgical treatment process, so as to further improve the quality of treatment for hand injury in microsurgery and maximise the protection of limb function and quality of life of patients.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) stands as one of the most challenging landmark procedures in general surgery. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), a common complication following PD, predisposes patients to secondary pathologies and remains difficult to avoid. Reducing its incidence and mitigating its impact have become focal points in pancreatic surgical research. This article comprehensively reviews domestic and international literature to systematically analyze key factors influencing POPF across three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management. By gaining deeper insights into the pathogenesis of POPF, this review aims to enhance clinical understanding among healthcare professionals, facilitate the implementation of preventive strategies, and offer novel perspectives for minimizing postoperative fistula risks.

Antineoplastic drugs have clear health hazards to the human body. In recent years, the scale of use of antineoplastic drugs had continued to expand, and the occupational exposure risk of medical personnel had also increased, which had attracted widespread attention. Taking effective measures to prevent occupational exposure can protect the health of medical personnel. This article reviewed the laws, regulations, guidelines, and industry guidance documents on occupational exposure prevention and control of antineoplastic drugs issued by relevant departments and associations in China. It summarized the scientific management experience of antineoplastic drugs in China, with the aim of reducing the occupational exposure risk of antineoplastic drugs in the future, and assisting the healthy development of China's medical and health industry.

Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) play pivotal roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and a crucial link in tumour immune evasion. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have achieved significant efficacy in many cancer immunotherapy, but the effect in the treatment of pancreatic cancer is limited, and the effect of monotherapy is suboptimal. The combined therapeatic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy were explored. This article summarises the advancements in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combination therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To construct an evaluation indicator system for the effectiveness of health education in patients with implanted ports, and to provide a theoretical basis for assessing the outcomes of health education in this patient population.Methods:Based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) theory, a preliminary framework for the health education indicator system was constructed through literature review and semi-structured interviews. The Delphi method was employed to revise and refine the indices, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate the weight of each indicator.Results:The effective response rates for the two rounds of Delphi consultation questionnaires were 100.00% (22/22) and 90.91% (20/22), respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.925 and 0.918, respectively. The coordination coefficients of expert opinions for the first and second-level indicators in the second round of expert consultation were 0.194 and 0.333, respectively. The final evaluation indicator system for health education effectiveness in patients with implanted ports included 3 first-level indicators and 36 second-level indicators.Conclusions:The constructed evaluation indicator system for health education effectiveness in patients with implanted ports is scientific and reliable and facilitates the accurate assessment of health education outcomes in this patient population.

Objective To investigate the induction factors of hypotension during cesarean section for perilous placenta previa under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) and to construct a nomogram prediction model. Methods A total of 130 parturients who underwent cesarean section for perilous placenta previa under CSEA from January 2020 to December 2023 in Yulin Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital were selected as study subjects. A self-designed general information questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information and the occurrence of hypotension of the subjects. According to the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension, the patients were divided into hypotension group (47 cases) and non-hypotension group (83 cases). Univariate analysis was performed on the general information of the two groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the induction factors of intraoperative hypotension. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in body mass index, anesthesia level, presence of multiple pregnancy, preoperative systolic blood pressure, operative time, and the occurrence of Bezold-Jarisch reflex between the two groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index≥ 24 kg/m², anesthesia level was in the eighth thoracic vertebra(T8) or above, multiple pregnancy, preoperative systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, operative time >1.5 h, and the occurrence of Bezold-Jarisch reflex were independent risk factors for hypotension during cesarean section for perilous placenta previa under CSEA (P < 0.05). A regression equation for the induction factors of hypotension during cesarean section for perilous placenta previa under CSEA was constructed: Logit(P)=-23.211+1.079×(body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m²)+1.101×anesthesia level (≥T8)+3.193×multiple pregnancy+2.214×preoperative systolic blood pressure (< 90 mmHg)+4.606×operative time (>1.5 h)+2.011×occurrence of Bezold-Jarisch reflex. The nomogram showed high discrimination and accuracy for patients with preoperative systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg. After 1, 000 times of Bootstrap resampling for the nomogram model, a calibration curve was obtained, and the consistency index was calculated as 0.850, indicating good calibration of the nomogram model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, with an area under the curve of 0.896 and 95% confidence interval of 0.802 to 0.956, suggesting good predictive performance. Conclusion Body mass index ≥24 kg/m², anesthesia level ≥ T8, multiple pregnancy, preoperative systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, operative time >1.5 h, and the occurrence of Bezold-Jarisch reflex are induction factors for hypotension during cesarean section for perilous placenta previa under CSEA.

Objective To investigate the effects of salidroside (Sal) on mitochondrial autophagy in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) rats by modulating the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) signaling pathway. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, low-dose Sal group, high-dose Sal group, mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor (Mdivi-1) group and high-dose Sal + Mdivi-1 group, with five rats in each group. The ICM rat model was established. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular end-systolic diameters (LVIDs) were analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe pathological changes in myocardial tissue, and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine mitochondrial structure. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, p62, PINK1 and Parkin in myocardial tissue. Results Compared with the control group, the model group showed more severe myocardial tissue and mitochondrial damage. The LVEF, LVFS, SOD and p62 levels in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the LVIDd, LVIDs, LDH, cTnI, CK, NT-proBNP, ROS, MDA, LC3II/LC3I, Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the low-dose and high-dose Sal groups exhibited reduced myocardial and mitochondrial damage. The LVEF, LVFS, SOD, LC3II/LC3I, Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin levels in the low-dose and high-dose Sal groups were significantly higher than those in the model group, while the LVIDd, LVIDs, LDH, cTnI, CK, NT-proBNP, ROS, MDA and p62 levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the Mdivi-1 group showed more severe myocardial and mitochondrial damage. The LVEF, LVFS, SOD, LC3II/LC3I, Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin levels in the Mdivi-1 group were significantly lower than those in the model group, while the LVIDd, LVIDs, LDH, cTnI, CK, NT-proBNP, ROS, MDA and p62 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Compared with the low-dose Sal group, the high-dose Sal group demonstrated further improvement in myocardial and mitochondrial damage. The LVEF, LVFS, SOD, LC3II/LC3I, Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin levels in the high-dose Sal group were significantly higher than those in the low-dose Sal group, while the LVIDd, LVIDs, LDH, cTnI, CK, NT-proBNP, ROS, MDA and p62 levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Mdivi-1 significantly inhibited mitochondrial autophagy and suppressed the activation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway and the improvement in cardiac function induced by Sal (P < 0.05). Conclusion Sal may improve myocardial injury in ICM rats by activating the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway and promoting mitochondrial autophagy.