Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a series of perioperative optimization measures based on evidence-based medicine aimed at achieving rapid recovery. Existing studies have shown that ERAS can effectively reduce surgical stress, decrease the incidence of complications, shorten hospital stays, save medical costs, and improve patient satisfaction. Although lung transplantation techniques have become increasingly mature, lung transplant recipients still have a high incidence of complications during perioperative period. To further improve the perioperative survival rate of lung transplant recipients, introducing ERAS concept into the perioperative management strategy of lung transplantation is of great significance for reducing incidence of perioperative complications, promoting rapid recovery and long-term survival of lung transplant recipients. This article discusses the advances in application of ERAS concept in the perioperative management of lung transplantation, aiming to provide references for optimizing the perioperative management of lung transplant recipients and reducing perioperative complications.

OBJECTIVE: To provide the experience and demonstration for the transformation of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques standards from Chinese national standards to international standards. METHODS: Questionnaire research, literature research, semi-structured interviews and expert consultation were used. RESULTS: The safety of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques was evaluated through literature research, and based on the results of the questionnaire survey, expert interviews, and expert consultation, 11 main bodies and structure of the former Chinese national standard, Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting, were adjusted and optimized in accordance with the requirements of international standard (including the language, normative references, purpose, scope, applicable environment, target population, work team, terms and definitions, general principles and basic requirements, structural elements and text structure, and compilation process); and the first international standard, World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societis (WFAS) Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting was formulated to specify the general rules for drafting. CONCLUSION The 3 key questions, "international compatibility", "technical operability" and "safety" should be solved technically on the basis of explicit international requirements. It is the core technical issue during transforming the national standards of technical benchmark of acupuncture and moxibustion into international standards.
Moxibustion/methods* ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Translational Research, Biomedical/standards* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; China ; Benchmarking/standards*

The activation proteins released by fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment regulate tumor growth, migration, and treatment response, thereby influencing tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. Owing to the proliferation and metastasis of tumors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is typically highly expressed in the tumor stroma, whereas it is nearly absent in adult normal tissues and benign lesions, making it an attractive target for precision medicine. Radiolabeled agents targeting FAP have the potential for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy. This comprehensive review aims to describe the evolution of FAPI-based radiopharmaceuticals and their structural optimization. Within its scope, this review summarizes the advances in the use of radiolabeled small molecule inhibitors for tumor imaging and therapy as well as the modification strategies for FAPIs, combined with insights from structure-activity relationships and clinical studies, providing a valuable perspective for radiopharmaceutical clinical development and application.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a novel autologous blood recovery device during the weaning process from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Methods: A total of 16 patients who received ECMO support and underwent blood recovery during the weaning process from January 2022 to September 2024 at our hospital were included in the experimental group. In contrast, 58 patients who did not receive blood recovery during the weaning process were assigned to the control group. Transfusion components, costs, and changes in routine blood tests and coagulation functions were compared between the two groups from the day of weaning until 48 hours post-weaning. Results: Significant differences were observed in the volumes of red blood cell transfusions, plasma transfusions, and transfusion costs between the two groups from the day of weaning to 48 hours post-weaning (P<0.05). Additionally, in the experimental group, significant differences were noted in hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) results when comparing values before and after extubation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of a novel autologous blood recovery device during ECMO weaning reduces patient costs, minimizes wastage of autologous blood, decreases reliance on exogenous blood transfusions, and mitigates the risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusion. This approach merits further promotion for clinical use.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide， which brings a huge burden to the physical and mental health and socio-economic life of patients. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway serves as the regulatory center of cellular energy metabolism and is closely associated with the biological activities of HCC cells， including autophagy， apoptosis， and angiogenesis， and it has become a hot topic in current cancer research. Traditional Chinese medicine drugs are abundant in natural components such as flavonoids， alkaloids， and phenols and have the characteristics of multiple targets， pathways， components， and hierarchies. By targeting the AMPK signaling pathway， these components can be used alone or in combination with conventional antitumor therapies to exert an anti-tumor effect on HCC from various aspects. This article reviews and summarizes the extracts of traditional Chinese medicine that target the AMPK signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of HCC， in order to provide a theoretical basis and a reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC and the development of related drugs.

The tumor microenvironment includes blood vessels， lymph， nerves， non-malignant cells， and their metabolites at and near the tumor lesion site， which interact with cancer cells and promote cancer progression. Rapid proliferation of cancer cells increases oxygen consumption， or abnormalities in the structure and function of blood vessels in solid tumors lead to a decrease in oxygen supply， forming a hypoxia microenvironment. The existence of a hypoxia microenvironment is a typical pathophysiological feature of locally advanced solid tumors， widely present in various types of human malignant tumors. Hypoxia microenvironment is a sign of tumor microenvironment and an important and complex system in the breast tumor microenvironment. Its formation and development are closely related to the growth of breast cancer， occupying an important position in the research and treatment of breast cancer. With its advantages of multiple pathways and multiple targets， the effective monomer and compound of traditional Chinese medicine can better regulate the hypoxia microenvironment of breast cancer， inhibit the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of breast cancer cells in the hypoxia environment， induce apoptosis， reverse their drug resistance， intervene in the metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer cells in the hypoxia environment， and inhibit their angiogenesis， thereby improving the quality of life of patients to a certain extent and prolonging the survival cycle of patients. This paper first summarized and discussed the effects of hypoxia microenvironment on proliferation， invasion， metastasis， drug resistance， immune function， metabolic reprogramming， non-coding RNA， iron death， and autophagy of breast cancer cells， which affected the occurrence and development of breast cancer， and it elaborated the mechanism behind it. Then， the paper elucidated the regulatory effect and mechanism of targeting the hypoxia microenvironment based on the two modes of effective monomer and compound of traditional Chinese medicine， so as to analyze and extract the deficiencies and directions of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the hypoxia microenvironment and provide a theoretical reference for the effective treatment of breast cancer.

Objective To introduce a partially nested design based on the characteristics of TCM in treating the same disease with different treatments and syndrome differentiation and treatment.Methods Partially nested design was used for standardized treatment of complex interventions.The TCM group was divided into multiple subsets according to"syndrome type-treatment method-prescription"(with nested structure),while the control group was treated with standardized Western medicine(without nested structure);taking a case study of"different treatments for the same disease"data for ulcerative colitis,this design type was applied and analyzed using a multi-level model.Results The partially nested design was consistent with the feature of TCM of"different treatments for the same disease"and met the methodological requirements for evidence-based evaluation.Multilevel models allowed analyses with this type of data.Conclusion The use of partially nested design enables the evaluation of the comprehensive effectiveness of"different treatments for the same disease",which can provide a methodological reference for the assessment of clinical effectiveness of TCM.

This paper systematically analyzed the ancient monographs of acupuncture and moxibustion and comprehensive medical books from pre-Qin to 1911， and extracted the data according to the etiology and pathogenesis， treatment principles and methods， acupoint selection， needling and moxibustion， and taboos of needling and moxibustion. The pathogenesis of migraine in ancient books and documents is summarized as "the causes are diverse， and phlegm-dampness is the majority". For treatment， the features include "needling has a sequence， and the root and the branch should be treated separately" and "focusing on tonifying deficiency and drain excess". It is also obtained of the rich ideas of acupoints selection， extensive application records of moxibustion， unique application of bloodletting therapy and clear explanation of acupuncture and moxibustion taboos. All mentioned above is expected to enrich the ideas and methods of modern migraine treatment and improve the clinical effects.