Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,a number of studies have confirmed that gut microbiome regulates bone metabolism through multiple pathways,and this field has become a research hotspot in orthopedics and microbiology.However,there is still no literature metrology and visual analysis on this field.OBJECTIVE:To explore the research status,hot spots and development trends in the field of gut microbiome regulation of bone metabolism,and to provide certain data support and reference for subsequent studies.METHODS:The Web of Science core collection database was used as the retrieval platform to retrieve the related literature in the field of intestinal flora regulating bone metabolism from 2004 to 2024.Citespace software was used to visually analyze the included literature and generate a visual atlas.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 1,035 papers were included in this study.In the past 20 years,the number of publications in the field of gut microbiome regulation of bone metabolism has shown a significant growth trend,with the United States and China dominating research and publication activities in this field.Harvard University and the University of California system are the research institutions with the highest number of published papers and research centrality in this area,and Professor Pacifici R of Emory University is the most prolific author.(2)Inflammatory bowel disease,chain fatty acids,bone marrow are the core keywords in this field.Postmenopausal osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction are the latest research frontiers in this field.(3)Among the top 10 cited papers,4 discussed the mechanism of short-chain fatty acids affecting bone metabolism;3 investigated the pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of intestinal flora in postmenopausal osteoporosis,glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis,and senile osteoporosis;1 discussed the relationship between intestinal inflammation,intestinal flora,parathyroid hormone,and bone metabolism;and 1 examined the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and T cells on the gut microbiome and bone metabolism.(4)NUTRIENTS has the most papers,while ENDOCRINOLOGY& METABOLISM has the most citations.(5)Based on literature co-citation analysis and keywords,further exploration is needed on the specific pathogenesis and treatment strategies of gut microbiome in postmenopausal osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis,revealing the molecular mechanism of regulating gut microbiota to inhibit oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction affecting bone metabolism,and translating mechanism research into clinical application,which all constitute the future research directions and trends in this field.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,a number of studies have confirmed that gut microbiome regulates bone metabolism through multiple pathways,and this field has become a research hotspot in orthopedics and microbiology.However,there is still no literature metrology and visual analysis on this field.OBJECTIVE:To explore the research status,hot spots and development trends in the field of gut microbiome regulation of bone metabolism,and to provide certain data support and reference for subsequent studies.METHODS:The Web of Science core collection database was used as the retrieval platform to retrieve the related literature in the field of intestinal flora regulating bone metabolism from 2004 to 2024.Citespace software was used to visually analyze the included literature and generate a visual atlas.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 1,035 papers were included in this study.In the past 20 years,the number of publications in the field of gut microbiome regulation of bone metabolism has shown a significant growth trend,with the United States and China dominating research and publication activities in this field.Harvard University and the University of California system are the research institutions with the highest number of published papers and research centrality in this area,and Professor Pacifici R of Emory University is the most prolific author.(2)Inflammatory bowel disease,chain fatty acids,bone marrow are the core keywords in this field.Postmenopausal osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction are the latest research frontiers in this field.(3)Among the top 10 cited papers,4 discussed the mechanism of short-chain fatty acids affecting bone metabolism;3 investigated the pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of intestinal flora in postmenopausal osteoporosis,glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis,and senile osteoporosis;1 discussed the relationship between intestinal inflammation,intestinal flora,parathyroid hormone,and bone metabolism;and 1 examined the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and T cells on the gut microbiome and bone metabolism.(4)NUTRIENTS has the most papers,while ENDOCRINOLOGY& METABOLISM has the most citations.(5)Based on literature co-citation analysis and keywords,further exploration is needed on the specific pathogenesis and treatment strategies of gut microbiome in postmenopausal osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis,revealing the molecular mechanism of regulating gut microbiota to inhibit oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction affecting bone metabolism,and translating mechanism research into clinical application,which all constitute the future research directions and trends in this field.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.

Talents are the main force for the development of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， and the construction of TCM talents and the reformation of talent evaluation system are essential to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. At present， we are still exploring and developing in the fields of the formulation， implementation and evaluation indicators of TCM talent evaluation system. However， there are shortcomings and difficulties. For instance， insufficient stratification in the evaluation， excessive emphasis on the quantity of achievements， neglecting the quality of the achievements and the actual contribution， imperfect assessment indicators， and the weak characteristics of TCM. Therefore， national ministries and commissions have jointly issued a document requesting to break the four only and set a new standard， in order to promote the construction of a scientific and technological talent evaluation system oriented by innovation value， ability and contribution. For the evaluation of TCM clinical talents， China Association for Science and Technology commissioned China Association of Chinese Medicine to build the China Clinical Cases Library of TCM（CCCL-TCM）， which aims at collecting the most authoritative and representative TCM clinical cases and exploring the advantages of applying clinical cases as masterpiece of achievement in TCM clinical talents evaluation. CCCL-TCM can promote the construction of a talent evaluation system that is more in line with the development characteristics of TCM industry， and to carry out relevant pilot in TCM colleges and institutions across the country in order to promote the reformation of TCM talent evaluation system.

To summarize the clinicopathological features and prognosis of kidney injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), to provide basis for preventing its occurrence and development. By using a retrospective cohort study method, we collected the clinical and renal biopsy pathological data of all the patients who hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology of Peking University First Hospital from June 2011 to June 2021 with renal injury after HSCT and underwent renal biopsy, and prognosis was followed up by telephone. The clinical laboratory characteristics, renal pathology and prognosis, and their association were analyzed. The results showed that the most common clinical phenotype was chronic kidney disease (CKD,69.2%, 18/26), in this term 13/18 patients received stem cells from haploidentical donors, and 11/18 patients experienced with extrarenal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The most common pathologic phenotype was thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA, 61.5%, 16/26). Renal function returned to baseline level in 6 patients, and the kidney survival at 2 years and 5 years were 95.7% (22/23) and 87.5% (14/16), respectively. In conclusion, the clinical phenotype of renal injury after HSCT were mainly CKD, and the most common pathologic phenotype was TMA, the long-term prognosis was favourable.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Kidney/pathology* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods* ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies/pathology* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology*

Objective To observe the effect of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback on lower limbs motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods 60 stroke patients with hemiplegia were divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Both groups accepted exercise therapy, and the treatment group accpted EMG biofeedback in addition. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Barthel Index (BI) before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results There was no significant difference between 2 groups in the scores of FMA, BBS and BI before treatments (P>0.05). All the scores significantly improved after treatments in both groups (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electromyographic biofeedback can further improve lower limbs motor function, balance and activities of daily living of stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Objective To study the efficacy of movement imagination combined with biofeedback for stroke patients with upper extremity dysfunction. MethodsEighty stroke survivors were recruited and randomly divided into a movement imagination group ( n =40) and a movement imagination combined with biofeedback group ( n =40).Their EMG mean values during wrist dorsiflexion were amplified and calculated.Fugl-Meyer upper extremity function scores (FMAs) and the modified Barthl index (MBI) were recorded before and after 6 weeks of treatment.ResultsAfter 6 weeks of treatment the two groups had significantly higher mean EMG values,FMA scores and MBI scores,but the effects in the combination group were significantly better than those in the simple movement imagination group. ConclusionMovement imagination can be made more effective by combining it with biofeedback for promoting the recovery of stroke patients with upper extremity dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the effects of selenium-enriched probiotics on immunity and antioxidation function in mice. Method: One hundred healthy KM mice, female and male in half, were randomly divided into control, sodium selenite, selenium-enriched yeast (Se yeast), selenium-enriched probiotics (Se probiotics) and probiotics groups. One milliliter of water, sodium selenite (2 ?g Se/ml), Se yeast (2 ?g Se/ml), Se probiotics (2 ?g Se/ml) or probiotics were respectively supplemented to five groups in oral (ig) every day. Whole experiment lasted for 28 d. During the experiment, immunity and antioxidation functions were measured respectively. Results: The activation of peritoneal macrophage and thymus index in Se probiotics group were significantly higher than those of other four groups. The spleen index of Se probiotics group was higher than that of control, sodium selenite and probiotics group. The spleen lymphocyte transformation rate in Se probiotics group was significantly or very significantly higher than that in control or probiotics group. In addition, blood GSH-Px and plasma SOD activity in Se probiotics group were significantly higher than those in control and sodium selenite group. Plasma MDA concentration in Se probiotics group was very significantly lower than that in control and sodium selenite group. Conclusion: Selenium-enriched probiotics supplementation could significantly enhance immunity and antioxidation function in mice.

Diploid and triploid types of Paragonimus westermani had similar cbromosomal karyotypes, however, they differed in chromosome c-band patterns. Two of three homologues of the triploid resembled those of the diploid in c-banding pattern, while the remaining chromosomes showed a different pattern. Heterogcneity in homologues was observed especially in chromosome Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 (Fig. l, 2). In the diploid chromosome specimen, mitotic and meiosic phases were observed, while only the mitotic; phase was found in the triploid chromosome.