Breast cancer remains a substantial threat to women's health and is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in women.Because breast cancer onset is closely associated with female physiological characteristics,this article proposes that breast cancer be classified as a"women's miscellaneous diseases"and that its treatment be explored from this perspective.Drawing from Chapter 8 on Golden Chamber of Prescriptions for Miscellaneous Diseases in Women of Synopsis of Golden Chamber,the initial pathogenesis of breast cancer is associated with"emotional stress,improper lifestyle,deficiency,cold,and stagnation."The fundamental mechanism behind its formation is"blood cold accumulation and hardened masses."Specifically,emotional imbalance and improper lifestyle habits contribute to the combined invasion of the uterus by"deficiency,""accumulated cold,"and"stagnant qi."Over time,"cold-blood stasis accumulates at the uterine ostium,"and the cold and the stasis ascends from the uterus along the thoroughfare and conception vessels,obstructing the breast collaterals.This combination of yang qi stagnation and yin cold congealment,ultimately leads to the development of breast cancer.The treatment principle should focus on"activating yang and dispersing cold."A therapeutic approach centered on Wenjing Decoction combined with Xiaoyao Powder can be adapted based on the stage and type of breast cancer while also considering the dynamic interplay between pathogenic factors and healthy qi,along with shifts in deficiency and excess patterns of disease.By adhering to the principles of consistency and flexibility and integrating disease and syndrome differentiation,the goal is to develop precise and personalized treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes.

Nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and its product nitric oxide are involved in learning and memory functions.Increasing evidence shows that NOS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,influencing β-amyloid protein(Aβ)deposition,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,abnormal microglia activation,synapse damage,autophagy,abnormal mitochondrial function of nerve cells,and cerebral hypoperfusion or vascular endothelial cell injury.This review summarizes the recent evidence for the role of NOS in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and provides new feasible targets for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective:To explore the latent categories of sleep quality in shift nurses using latent profile analysis, and analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of each category.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 1 480 shift nurses from three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Fuyang city from January to February 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-5. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify the latent categories of sleep quality, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different sleep quality categories. In this study, a total of 1 480 questionnaires were distributed. After excluding 28 invalid questionnaires, 1 452 valid questionnaires were retrieved, the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires was 98.11%.Results:The sleep quality of 1 452 shift nurses was classified into four latent categories: 44.5% (647/1 452) were in the "sleep impairment" category, 44.6% (648/1 452) in the "good sleep" category, 4.0% (58/1 452) in the "difficulty falling asleep-low efficiency" category, and 6.8% (99/1 452) in the "sleep disorder-medication-induced sleep" category. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that perceived stress, monthly night shift frequency, sleep timing, daytime napping, and years of work experience were significant influencing factors for sleep quality ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Sleep quality among shift nurses shows heterogeneity. Nursing managers should develop tailored management strategies and implement targeted sleep hygiene interventions based on nurses' sleep quality characteristics to improve their sleep quality.

Objective To report cases of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis （CIP） in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer, aiming to provide additional approaches for the assessment, treatment, and monitoring of this condition. Methods Three patients developed oxygen desaturation and interstitial lung lesions during chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, and were diagnosed with CIP in collaboration with the respiratory department. Antitumor therapy was discontinued in the acute phase, and glucocorticoids were administered, with regular monitoring of disease progression. During follow-up, case 1 developed lung metastasis; case 2 showed improvement; case 3 had concurrent infection and tumor progression. Results Glucocorticoids improved lung lesions and hypoxic symptoms in patients with CIP, but attention should be paid to the potential for concurrent infections and tumor progression. Conclusions Comprehensive assessment and early identification of CIP are crucial for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. For those with recurrent symptoms after glucocorticoid therapy, timely and accurate adjustment of the treatment regimen is essential.

Breast cancer remains a substantial threat to women's health and is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in women.Because breast cancer onset is closely associated with female physiological characteristics,this article proposes that breast cancer be classified as a"women's miscellaneous diseases"and that its treatment be explored from this perspective.Drawing from Chapter 8 on Golden Chamber of Prescriptions for Miscellaneous Diseases in Women of Synopsis of Golden Chamber,the initial pathogenesis of breast cancer is associated with"emotional stress,improper lifestyle,deficiency,cold,and stagnation."The fundamental mechanism behind its formation is"blood cold accumulation and hardened masses."Specifically,emotional imbalance and improper lifestyle habits contribute to the combined invasion of the uterus by"deficiency,""accumulated cold,"and"stagnant qi."Over time,"cold-blood stasis accumulates at the uterine ostium,"and the cold and the stasis ascends from the uterus along the thoroughfare and conception vessels,obstructing the breast collaterals.This combination of yang qi stagnation and yin cold congealment,ultimately leads to the development of breast cancer.The treatment principle should focus on"activating yang and dispersing cold."A therapeutic approach centered on Wenjing Decoction combined with Xiaoyao Powder can be adapted based on the stage and type of breast cancer while also considering the dynamic interplay between pathogenic factors and healthy qi,along with shifts in deficiency and excess patterns of disease.By adhering to the principles of consistency and flexibility and integrating disease and syndrome differentiation,the goal is to develop precise and personalized treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes.

Objective:To explore the latent categories of sleep quality in shift nurses using latent profile analysis, and analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of each category.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 1 480 shift nurses from three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Fuyang city from January to February 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-5. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify the latent categories of sleep quality, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different sleep quality categories. In this study, a total of 1 480 questionnaires were distributed. After excluding 28 invalid questionnaires, 1 452 valid questionnaires were retrieved, the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires was 98.11%.Results:The sleep quality of 1 452 shift nurses was classified into four latent categories: 44.5% (647/1 452) were in the "sleep impairment" category, 44.6% (648/1 452) in the "good sleep" category, 4.0% (58/1 452) in the "difficulty falling asleep-low efficiency" category, and 6.8% (99/1 452) in the "sleep disorder-medication-induced sleep" category. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that perceived stress, monthly night shift frequency, sleep timing, daytime napping, and years of work experience were significant influencing factors for sleep quality ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Sleep quality among shift nurses shows heterogeneity. Nursing managers should develop tailored management strategies and implement targeted sleep hygiene interventions based on nurses' sleep quality characteristics to improve their sleep quality.

Nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and its product nitric oxide are involved in learning and memory functions.Increasing evidence shows that NOS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,influencing β-amyloid protein(Aβ)deposition,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,abnormal microglia activation,synapse damage,autophagy,abnormal mitochondrial function of nerve cells,and cerebral hypoperfusion or vascular endothelial cell injury.This review summarizes the recent evidence for the role of NOS in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and provides new feasible targets for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

The incidence of breast cancer has jumped to the first place in malignant tumors, posing a severe threat to women's health. Different from oxidative phosphorylation metabolism of normal cells, breast cancer cells often undergo metabolic reediting characterized by aerobic glycolysis. In the process of initiating aerobic glycolysis, phosphofructokinase-2/fructose bisphosphatase-2 (PFK-2/FBPase-2) family isozymes PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 play key roles and are involved in the growth and proliferation, invasion and migration, autophagy, and drug resistance of breast cancer. This review summarizes the correlation of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 with breast cancer, aiming to provide a reference for future breast cancer-related research and clinical translation.

Lung cancer is a global disease with high morbidity and mortality, which seriously affects human health. The long-term existence of chronic pulmonary inflammation is closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer, neutrophils are not only involved in acute and chronic inflammation, but also in the composition of tumor microenvironment (TME), which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Recent studies have found that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. This article reviews the role, mechanism and clinical significance of tumor-related neutrophils in lung cancer.