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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of parthenolide （PLT） on systemic inflammation and intestinal injury in rats with acute pancreatitis （AP） by regulating the Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway. METHODS AP rat model was established by injecting 3.5% sodium taurine cholate solution （1 mL/kg） into the biliary pancreatic duct， and modeled rats were divided into AP group， PLT （300 µg/kg） group， dexamethasone （2 mg/kg） group， inhibitor （11 mg/kg Nrf2 inhibitor ML385） group， and PLT+inhibitor group （300 µg/kg PLT+11 mg/kg ML385）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 rats were taken as a sham operation group. Each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline via tail vein/intraperitoneal injection once. After 24 h， serum lipase and amylase levels， the levels of oxidative stress index [superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA）] and inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] were detected. The histopathological changes in colon mucosa and pancreas were observed， and Chiu and Schmidt scores were performed. The cell apoptosis in colon mucosa and the protein expressions of Keap1， Nrf2 and HO-1 were detected. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group， there was obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in colon mucosa and pancreatic tissue， cell shedding or tissue necrosis and severe bleeding； serum levels of lipase， amylase， MDA， IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α， Chiu and Schmidt scores， apoptotic rate and protein expression of Keap1 in colonic mucosa were significantly increased or up-regulated， while SOD level and protein expressions of Nrf2 20230993） and HO-1 were decreased or down-regulated significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the AP group， the above indexes in the PLT group and dexamethasone group were significantly improved， while those in the inhibitor group further deteriorated （P＜0.05）. Inhibitor could significantly reverse the improvement effect of PLT on the above indexes in AP rats （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PLT inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in AP rats， alleviates intestinal damage， and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting protein expression of Keap1 and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）and the evolutionary characteristics of the adhesion glycoprotein（G）gene in Xi'an from 2023 to 2024.Methods:Respiratory specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infections in Xi'an between October 2023 to October 2024. RSV nucleic acid screening was performed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR；full-length G gene sequencing was conducted on nucleic acid-positive specimens. Genotyping characterization of the obtained sequences was performed using Nextclade v3.10.0 software.Results:A total of 2 548 respiratory tract infection samples were collected，with 104 cases（4.08%，104/2 548）testing positive for RSV. The highest RSV positivity rate was observed in children aged ≤1 year（12.24%，18/147），and significant difference in positivity rates were found among age groups（χ 2=37.868， P<0.001）. Since October 2023，RSV has seen an epidemic peak during January to February 2024，and gradually declined thereafter，with no positive cases from May to September 2024. Among the 43 RSV-positive samples，12 strains were identified as subtype A（all genotype A.D.3），and 31 strains were subtype B（14 genotype B.D.4.1.1 and 17 genotype B.D.E.1）. Conclusion:From October 2023 to October 2024，RSV had an epidemic peak in January and February in Xi＇an，with subtype B being the predominant circulating type.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of two dressing methods on wound healing and patient satisfaction after cosmetic suturing for pediatric facial trauma.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at Dongying People′s Hospital from October 2022 to October 2023. A total of 180 pediatric patients [105 males, 75 females, aged 3-7 (3.9±1.4) years] with facial trauma requiring cosmetic suturing were enrolled in this study. Participants were randomly divided into the study group ( n=91) and control group ( n=89) using a random number table. During the first postoperative dressing change at 24 hours, the study group received saline cleaning followed by erythromycin ointment coverage, while the control group underwent iodine disinfection with gauze coverage. Pain intensity during the second dressing change was assessed using the Chinese version of the Children′s Hospital of Eastern Ontario pain scale (CHEOPS). Wound healing at 6-7 days post-suturing was evaluated using the Chinese version of the redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation (REEDA) scale. Scar appearance at 14 days was measured via the Stony Brook scar evaluation scale (SBSES). Complication rates (infection, dehiscence) and satisfaction rates were statistically analyzed. Results:During the second dressing change, the CHEOPS score was significantly lower in the study group (6.27±1.32) than that in the control group (6.89±1.21) ( P=0.001). At 6-7 days, the REEDA score in the study group (2.26±1.91) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.07±2.13) ( P=0.008). At 14 days, the SBSES score was significantly lower in the study group [2.60±1.42) vs (3.89±1.50), P<0.001]. The infection rate was 1.09% (1/91) in the study group and 1.12% (1/89) in the control group, with two cases of epidermal dehiscence observed in the control group. The satisfaction rate in the study group was 93.41% (85/91), which was higher than that in the control group [85.49% (76/89), P=0.020]. Conclusion:Saline cleaning combined with erythromycin ointment coverage reduces pain during wound dressing change, facilitates early wound healing, and improves patient′s satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE To explore the prognostic significance of the prognostic nutrition index(PNI)in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer undergoing surgical treatment.METHODS Clinical and pathological data of 117 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment at the center of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from May 2014 to June 2022 were collected.The prognostic significance of hematological indicators such as PNI and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune inflammation index(SⅡ)were investigated.The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(tROC)curves were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of various hematological indicators and to determine their optimal cutoffvalues.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the postoperative survival curve,and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the correlation between PNI and overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).RESULTS 117 patients were enrolled in this cohort,of which 109 were clinically classified as advanced stage(Ⅲ-Ⅳ).63 cases underwent surgery to preserve laryngeal function.The 5-year OS is 46.07％.According to the analysis of the tROC curve,the optimal cutoffvalue for PNI is 46.75.PNI is correlated with tumor T staging,NLR,PLR,and SⅡ.Kaplan Meier univariate analysis showed that PNI was significantly correlated with OS and DFS(P<0.05).In addition,tumor N-stage,postoperative complications,adverse pathological prognostic factors,NLR,PLR,and SⅡ were all significantly correlated with OS(P<0.05).Tumor N-stage,laryngeal preservation,postoperative complications,NLR,and SⅡ were significantly correlated with DFS(P<0.05).The Cox multivariate analysis results indicated that PNI,tumor N-stage,and postoperative complications were independent factors affecting OS and DFS.CONCLUSION Preoperative PNI,tumor N-stage,and postoperative complications are independent risk factors for OS and DFS in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma.PNI,as a prognostic indicator for predicting hypopharyngeal cancer patients,is superior to other hematological indicators.

Objective To investigate the impact of various health education intervention strategies on the proper use of personal respiratory protective equipment (RPE) among workers exposed to dust. Methods Dust-exposed workers were recruited from 60 selected enterprises in Guangdong Province using cluster random sampling method. They were randomly allocated to the control, low-intensity intervention, and high-intensity intervention groups, with 358, 346, and 371 workers in each group, respectively. Workers in the control group received no designed intervention. Workers in the low-intensity intervention group received traditional plus mobile health education on the proper use of RPE. Workers in the high-intensity intervention group received all components of the low-intensity intervention, supplemented with peer education. The intervention lasted for six months. RPE usage was compared among the three groups of workers before and after the intervention. Results Workers in the control, low-intensity intervention, and high-intensity intervention groups showed higher rates of both RPE wearing and correct RPE wearing after the intervention than before it within their respective groups (RPE wearing rate: 94.1% vs 99.2%, 95.7% vs 100.0%, 94.6% vs 100.0%, all P<0.01; correct RPE wearing rate: 66.8% vs 91.1%, 67.3% vs 95.7%, 66.6% vs 96.5%, all P<0.01). Post-intervention correct RPE wearing rates were highest in the high-intensity intervention group, followed by the low-intensity intervention group, and the control group, with the percentage of 96.50%, 95.66% and 91.06%, respectively (P<0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis result showed that different intervention strategies affected the correct use of personal RPE among dust-exposed workers after adjusting for gender, age, and other confounding factors (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the rates of correct RPE use increased in the low-intensity intervention group and the high-intensity intervention group (odd ratio was 2.14 and 3.01; 95% confidence interval was 1.12 - 4.10 and 1.53 - 5.91, respectively). Conclusion The implementation of traditional plus mobile health education interventions on the proper use of RPE can promote correct RPE utilization among dust-exposed workers, and integrating peer education further enhances the intervention effectiveness.

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on sarcopenia in CT26 tumor mice through the gut microbiota-skeletal muscle axis and its potential mechanism.Methods Forty-eight SPF BALB/c male mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group(group NC,n=12),a normal control+aerobic exercise group(group NA,n=12),a CT26 tumor-associated sarco-penia group(group TS,n=12)and a CT26 tumor-associated sarcopenia+aerobic exercise group(group TSA,n=12).After a 2-week adaptive exercise period,CT26 cell suspension(0.2 mL,1×107 cells/mL)was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region of mice in group TS and group TSA,while group NC and group NA were inoculated with 0.2 mL normal saline.One day later,group NA and group TSA underwent a 4-week aerobic treadmill running intervention(14 m/min,60 min/day,6 days/week).If a mouse failed to complete the target intensity on a given day,its running speed was reduced by 20%the following day.Moreover,group NA and group TSA received no exercise interven-tion.General health status of all groups was monitored throughout the study.The forelimb gripping force,rotarod walking time and the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers were measured.Moreover,the ultrastructural changes of gastrocnemius were observed by transmission electron micro-scope,while the cecum contents were observed by 16S rRNA sequencing.Meanwhile,the pathological morphological changes of small intestine wall were observed using HE,while the contents of tumor ne-crosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and lipopoly saccharide(LPS)of serum and gastrocnemius muscle were determined by using ELISA.Moreover,small intestine zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin and muscle ring finger 1(MuRF1),muscle atrophy F-box(MAF-bx),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 8(MyD88)/nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)signal pathway related proteins expression levels of gastrocnemius muscle,as well as muscle ring finger 1(MuRF1)and muscle atrophy F-box(MAF-bx)were detected using Western blot.Results(1)Subcutaneous tumors were prominent in group TS.The forelimb gripforce,wet weight and cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius,and rotarod walking time in group TS at the 5th and 6th weekends were significantly lower than group NC(P<0.01),while the relative expression levels of MuRF1 and MAF-bx proteins in the gastrocnemius muscle in group TS were significantly higher than the latter group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Moreover,transmission electron microscopy revealed sparse and dis-organized muscle fiber arrangement in group TS,with visible Z-lines but indistinct M-lines,as well as shortened,poorly defined,and thin sarcomeres.(2)The group TSA exhibited significantly higher α-diversity indices(Shannon,Chao1,and Observed species)in gut microbiota compared to group TS(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05),while the β-diversity differed to some extent between the two groups.At phylum level,the F/B ratio was lower in group NA than that group NC,with that of group TSA low-er than group TS.At genus level,the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Roseburia,and Alistipes in group NA were higher than group NC,and those of Alloprevotellaand Helicobacter were significantly lower,while those of Muribaculaceae,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Roseburia,Bacteroides,Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 of group TSA were significantly higher than group TS.Nota-bly,Roseburia and Alistipes were the most significantly enriched genera in group TSA and group TS(LDA score>4 for both).(3)The inflammatory cells of the small intestine wall in group TSA signifi-cantly reduced than those in group TS(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression level of ZO-1 proteins in the small intestine wall were significantly higher in group NA than group NC,and that of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins in the small intestine wall was significantly higher in group TSA than those in group TS(P<0.05).(4)The group NA exhibited significantly lower LPS concentrations in the gastrocne-mius muscle compared to group NC(P<0.05).Similarly,the group TSA showed reduced LPS levels in both serum and gastrocnemius compared to group TS(P<0.05).The relative protein expression of p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 significantly decreased in group TSA compared to group TS(P<0.05).The group TS displayed elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β)in serum and gastrocnemius compared to group NC(P<0.01,P<0.05).The group TSA demonstrated significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in these tissues in comparison with group TS(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Aerobic exercise can improve gut microbiota α diversity,adjusting its composition,improv-ing intestinal mucosal barrier function,reducing the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response,and delay-ing skeletal muscle atrophy.The underlying mechanism may involve down regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in skeletal muscle,which has a positive effect on Gut-Muscle Axis.

Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise preconditioning on cardiac function in mice bearing subcutaneous transplantable tumors and explore the potential molecular mechanisms.Methods Twenty-four 6-week-old male BALB/c mice were selected.After an acclimation period,they were randomly assigned to a control group(C),a tumor group(M)and an exercise-preconditioning plus tumor group(EM),each of eight.The EM group underwent a 4-week aerobic exercise interven-tion.Meanwhile,the C group received 0.2 ml of physiological saline injected subcutaneously on the dorsum of the proximal left hind limb,while the M and EM groups were inoculated at the same site with 0.2 ml of a CT26.WT colon carcinoma cell suspension.Three weeks after inoculation,cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography.Hearts were then harvested for hematoxylin-eo-sin staining to evaluate cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area(CSA),while Western blot was performed to determine the expression of proteins related to myocardial protein synthesis and degradation.Results(1)Compared with group C,group M exhibited significantly lower body weight and heart weight(P<0.05),and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),fractional shortening(FS)and stroke vol-ume(SV)(P<0.05),as well as cardiomyocyte CSA(P<0.01)and total mTOR(P<0.01),phosphory-lated mTOR(p-mTOR)(P<0.01)and the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio(P<0.05),but a significant increase in the expression of the muscle ring finger 1(MuRF-1)and the muscle atrophy F-box(MAFbx/Atrog-in-1)(P<0.01 and P<0.05,respectively).(2)Compared with group M,group EM showed significant-ly greater heart weight(P<0.05);increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole(LVPWd),LVEF,FS and SV(P<0.05),as well as the larger cardiomyocyte CSA and total mTOR,p-mTOR and the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio(P<0.05),but reduced MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 expression(P<0.05).Conclusion Four weeks of aerobic exercise preconditioning ameliorated myocardial atrophy and improved systolic cardiac function in mice bearing subcutaneously transplanted CT26 tumors.Such beneficial effects may be associated with exercise-induced down regulation of the protein degradation mediators MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 and up regulation of total mTOR and p-mTOR.

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and different exercise habits on skeletal muscle function and the possible molecular mechanisms in colorectal cancer-loaded mice.Methods Thirty-five 5-week-old BABL/c male mice were acclimatized to feeding for 1 week and then divided randomly into the following groups:control(D),tumor(M),exercise preconditioning(QAM),lifetime exercise(AM),and exercise(HAM)groups(n=7 mice per group).Mice in the QAM and AM groups underwent aerobic exercise regimen 1 from weeks 2～6.At week 7,mice in the experimental groups received 0.2 mL of CT26 colon cancer cell suspension subcutaneously in the dorsal aspect of the left hind limb,while control mice received 0.2 mL of saline at the corresponding site.Mice in the AM and HAM groups were subjected to aerobic exercise regimen 2 for weeks 7～9.The general status and skeletal muscle mass and function were monitored in all mice throughout the experiments.After completion of the experiment,samples were collected and the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers(CSA)was measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining and expression levels of proteins related to synthesis and catabolism of the gastrocnemius muscle were analyzed by Western Blot.Results(1)The weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly lower in mice in the M,QAM,and HAM groups compared with group D,and was significantly higher in AM mice compared with M,QAM,and HAM mice.(2)Grip strength,endurance,skeletal muscle circumference,and CSA were significantly lower in group D mice compared with the other groups,and was most enhanced in group HAM.Endurance and CSA were consistently enhanced in groups QAM,AM,and HAM.(3)Muscle RING-finger protein-1(MuRF1)expression levels were significantly lower in groups M,QAM,AM,and HAM than in group D,significantly lower in groups AM and HAM than in group M,and significantly lower in group HAM than in group QAM.(4)Fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)expression levels were significantly lower in group M than in groups D and QAM.(5)Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha expression levels were significantly lower in the QAM and HAM groups compared with group M.(6)Expression levels of phospho(p)-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/AMPK and p-AMPK were significantly higher in group QAM than in groups D and M,p-AMPK expression significantly lower in groups AM and HAM was than in group QAM,and AMPK expression was significantly lower in groups QAM,AM,and HAM than in group D.Conclusions Exercise preconditioning and continuous aerobic exercise can improve skeletal muscle mass and function in CT26 colon cancer-loaded mice by activating AMPK phosphorylation to stimulate skeletal muscle secretion of FNDC5,thereby regulating the expression of MuRF1 protein.

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on sarcopenia in CT26 tumor mice through the gut microbiota-skeletal muscle axis and its potential mechanism.Methods Forty-eight SPF BALB/c male mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group(group NC,n=12),a normal control+aerobic exercise group(group NA,n=12),a CT26 tumor-associated sarco-penia group(group TS,n=12)and a CT26 tumor-associated sarcopenia+aerobic exercise group(group TSA,n=12).After a 2-week adaptive exercise period,CT26 cell suspension(0.2 mL,1×107 cells/mL)was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region of mice in group TS and group TSA,while group NC and group NA were inoculated with 0.2 mL normal saline.One day later,group NA and group TSA underwent a 4-week aerobic treadmill running intervention(14 m/min,60 min/day,6 days/week).If a mouse failed to complete the target intensity on a given day,its running speed was reduced by 20%the following day.Moreover,group NA and group TSA received no exercise interven-tion.General health status of all groups was monitored throughout the study.The forelimb gripping force,rotarod walking time and the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers were measured.Moreover,the ultrastructural changes of gastrocnemius were observed by transmission electron micro-scope,while the cecum contents were observed by 16S rRNA sequencing.Meanwhile,the pathological morphological changes of small intestine wall were observed using HE,while the contents of tumor ne-crosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and lipopoly saccharide(LPS)of serum and gastrocnemius muscle were determined by using ELISA.Moreover,small intestine zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin and muscle ring finger 1(MuRF1),muscle atrophy F-box(MAF-bx),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 8(MyD88)/nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)signal pathway related proteins expression levels of gastrocnemius muscle,as well as muscle ring finger 1(MuRF1)and muscle atrophy F-box(MAF-bx)were detected using Western blot.Results(1)Subcutaneous tumors were prominent in group TS.The forelimb gripforce,wet weight and cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius,and rotarod walking time in group TS at the 5th and 6th weekends were significantly lower than group NC(P<0.01),while the relative expression levels of MuRF1 and MAF-bx proteins in the gastrocnemius muscle in group TS were significantly higher than the latter group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Moreover,transmission electron microscopy revealed sparse and dis-organized muscle fiber arrangement in group TS,with visible Z-lines but indistinct M-lines,as well as shortened,poorly defined,and thin sarcomeres.(2)The group TSA exhibited significantly higher α-diversity indices(Shannon,Chao1,and Observed species)in gut microbiota compared to group TS(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05),while the β-diversity differed to some extent between the two groups.At phylum level,the F/B ratio was lower in group NA than that group NC,with that of group TSA low-er than group TS.At genus level,the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Roseburia,and Alistipes in group NA were higher than group NC,and those of Alloprevotellaand Helicobacter were significantly lower,while those of Muribaculaceae,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Roseburia,Bacteroides,Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 of group TSA were significantly higher than group TS.Nota-bly,Roseburia and Alistipes were the most significantly enriched genera in group TSA and group TS(LDA score>4 for both).(3)The inflammatory cells of the small intestine wall in group TSA signifi-cantly reduced than those in group TS(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression level of ZO-1 proteins in the small intestine wall were significantly higher in group NA than group NC,and that of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins in the small intestine wall was significantly higher in group TSA than those in group TS(P<0.05).(4)The group NA exhibited significantly lower LPS concentrations in the gastrocne-mius muscle compared to group NC(P<0.05).Similarly,the group TSA showed reduced LPS levels in both serum and gastrocnemius compared to group TS(P<0.05).The relative protein expression of p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 significantly decreased in group TSA compared to group TS(P<0.05).The group TS displayed elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β)in serum and gastrocnemius compared to group NC(P<0.01,P<0.05).The group TSA demonstrated significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in these tissues in comparison with group TS(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Aerobic exercise can improve gut microbiota α diversity,adjusting its composition,improv-ing intestinal mucosal barrier function,reducing the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response,and delay-ing skeletal muscle atrophy.The underlying mechanism may involve down regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in skeletal muscle,which has a positive effect on Gut-Muscle Axis.