Objective To modify the dosage form of Guoganglong Sugar-Coated Tablets,and to investigate the chemical equivalence and pharmacodynamic equivalence between the new and old dosage forms of Guoganglong Tablets.Methods The preparation technology was screened by single-factor exploration with the indexes of hardness and dispersion uniformity,the quality standard was established by thin layer chromatography identification,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)content determination and charactertistics chromatograms,the constituents absorbed into blood were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS),and the pharmacodynamics was evaluated by anti-inflammatory experiment and analgesic experiment in mice model with inflammatory pain.Results The molding process of Guoganglong Dispersible Tablets was determined.A thin layer chromatographic identification method was established.A method for detecting the content of Guoganglong Tablets and the charactertistic chromatograms was established by HPLC,and a total of 15 common peaks were identified,with the similarity of the new-old dosage forms being greater than 0.9.A total of 12 constituents absorbed into blood were identified.Guoganglong Tablets could alleviate swelling degree of toes in mice with inflammatory pain,reduce the levels of interleukin 6(IL-6)in serum,improve spleen index,and increase the thermal pain threshold and acetic acid twisting frequency in mice.Conclusion The prescription process of Guoganglong Dispersible Tablets is stable,the quality standard is feasible,the chemical composition and pharmacological actions between the new and old dosage forms are basically the same,and in terms of certain indexes,Dispersible Tablets of Guoganglongare superior to Sugar-Coated Tablets.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）and the evolutionary characteristics of the adhesion glycoprotein（G）gene in Xi'an from 2023 to 2024.Methods:Respiratory specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infections in Xi'an between October 2023 to October 2024. RSV nucleic acid screening was performed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR；full-length G gene sequencing was conducted on nucleic acid-positive specimens. Genotyping characterization of the obtained sequences was performed using Nextclade v3.10.0 software.Results:A total of 2 548 respiratory tract infection samples were collected，with 104 cases（4.08%，104/2 548）testing positive for RSV. The highest RSV positivity rate was observed in children aged ≤1 year（12.24%，18/147），and significant difference in positivity rates were found among age groups（χ 2=37.868， P<0.001）. Since October 2023，RSV has seen an epidemic peak during January to February 2024，and gradually declined thereafter，with no positive cases from May to September 2024. Among the 43 RSV-positive samples，12 strains were identified as subtype A（all genotype A.D.3），and 31 strains were subtype B（14 genotype B.D.4.1.1 and 17 genotype B.D.E.1）. Conclusion:From October 2023 to October 2024，RSV had an epidemic peak in January and February in Xi＇an，with subtype B being the predominant circulating type.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）and the evolutionary characteristics of the adhesion glycoprotein（G）gene in Xi'an from 2023 to 2024.Methods:Respiratory specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infections in Xi'an between October 2023 to October 2024. RSV nucleic acid screening was performed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR；full-length G gene sequencing was conducted on nucleic acid-positive specimens. Genotyping characterization of the obtained sequences was performed using Nextclade v3.10.0 software.Results:A total of 2 548 respiratory tract infection samples were collected，with 104 cases（4.08%，104/2 548）testing positive for RSV. The highest RSV positivity rate was observed in children aged ≤1 year（12.24%，18/147），and significant difference in positivity rates were found among age groups（χ 2=37.868， P<0.001）. Since October 2023，RSV has seen an epidemic peak during January to February 2024，and gradually declined thereafter，with no positive cases from May to September 2024. Among the 43 RSV-positive samples，12 strains were identified as subtype A（all genotype A.D.3），and 31 strains were subtype B（14 genotype B.D.4.1.1 and 17 genotype B.D.E.1）. Conclusion:From October 2023 to October 2024，RSV had an epidemic peak in January and February in Xi＇an，with subtype B being the predominant circulating type.

Background Pesticides like organophosphorus and pyrethroids are extensively utilized, and associated potential human health risks arising from multi-route exposure, including environmental sources and dietary intake, cannot be overlooked. Conducting human exposure studies using pesticide exposure biomarkers is essential for an objective evaluation of human pesticide exposure levels. Objective To develop a rapid and precise liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of 12 pesticide metabolites in urine, including 5 metabolites of organophosphorus pesticide, 4 metabolites of pyrethroid pesticide, 2 metabolites of herbicides, and 1 metabolite of insecticide. Methods After overnight enzymatic hydrolysis, urine samples were subjected to extraction and purification using Oasis HLB 96-well solid-phase extraction. Subsequently, the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and quantified using the isotope internal standard method. The developed method was employed to analyze 143 urine samples from a general population to assess its effectiveness and to evaluate pesticide exposure levels. Results All 12 target compounds exhibited good linear ranges, with their correlation coefficients of calibration curves exceeding 0.999. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.02 to 0.19 μg·L⁻¹, while the limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.06 to 0.27 μg·L⁻¹. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 84% to 112%, and the inter- and intra- day precisions of targeted analystes were 0.43%-9.6% and 1.6%-9.7% respectively. Using this method, 143 urine samples from residents in Jiangsu region were analyzed, and 11 pesticides were detected except N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Conclusion The established method of solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has the characteristics of low detection limit, good repeatability, and high throughput, which is suitable for quantitative detection of selected 12 pesticides in large batches of human urine samples, and provides technical support for pesticide internal exposure monitoring and health risk assessment.

Objective:To investigate the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza B/Victoria (BV) virus in Xi′an city from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Twenty-five BV strains isolated from the Xi′an influenza surveillance network laboratory between 2019 and 2023 were collected. The HA and NA genes were sequenced using MiniSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. An evolutionary tree was constructed using bioinformatics software to analyze homology and mutation sites, and to predict N-glycosylation sites online. The antigenicity of the strains was analyzed through hemagglutination inhibition tests.Results:The BV influenza in Xi′an exhibited a distinct seasonal transmission pattern from 2019 to 2023, with peak prevalence occurring during the winter and spring seasons. The evolutionary analysis of the HA genes shows that the strains from Xi′an in 2019 belong to the V1A.3 branch, and the strains from 2021 to 2023 belong to the V1A.3a.2 branch. Analysis of antigenic sites showed that there were variations in 6 sites of 3 antigenic determinants in the HA proteins of the BV strains from 2021-2022 compared to 2019, and 2 sites of 1 antigenic determinant changed in the HA proteins in 2023 compared to 2021-2022. The evolutionary analysis of the NA genes indicates that the BV strains from Xi′an in 2019 belong to the A. 1.1 branch. By 2021 and 2022, it had evolved into the A. 1.2 clade, and by 2023, it had further evolved into the B clade and its derivatives, with no strains showing mutations associated with resistance to NA inhibitors. Antigenic analysis indicated that the majority of BV strains in Xi′an were similar to the strains included in the vaccine composition. Furthermore, glycosylation analysis showed that the potential N-glycosylation sites in the HA proteins of BV strains from 2021-2023 were reduced by one compared to those from 2019, and only a few strains from 2023 displayed alterations in the potential N-glycosylation sites of the NA proteins.Conclusions:The HA and NA genes of the BV strains from 2019 to 2023 are continuously mutating and evolving into new branches. Since 2021, V1A.3a.2 has become the dominant evolutionary branch of the HA genes, while the evolutionary branches of the NA genes from 2019 to 2023 have been continuously changing.

The clinical practice teaching reform of pediatrics based on TBL combined with medical simulation teaching model was carried out. TBL teaching plan writing under the model of medical simulation teaching was researched. The principles, requirements, contents and procedures of compiling teaching plans were formed. Emphasis should be placed on medical simulation teaching, team cooperation, humanistic quality education and humanistic skills training. The purposes of the reform were to achieve standardized operation skills, improve clinical ability, ensure medical safety, and improve the quality of medical purposes, but still the reform need further improvement in the teaching practice.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) in the genesis of Barrett′s esophagus.Methods Human esophageal epithelial cell (HEEC) and MRC-5 were cultured.The effects of different concentration of BMP4 and different pH value of hydrochloric acid or glycocholic acid on the expression of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2(CDX2) in HEEC were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction.The effects of different pH value of hydrochloric acid or glycocholic acid on BMP4 expression in MRC-5 were also investigated.Independent sample t test was performed for statistical analysis.Results After HEEC stimulated by BMP4 at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ng/mL, the relative quantity expressions of CDX2 were 1.617±0.246, 2.489±0.455, 5.629±0.449 and 13.670±1.689, respectively, which were higher than those of control group (1.000±0.043, 1.029±0.094, 1.001±0.002 and 1.049±0.051, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.47, 3.14, 10.31, 7.47;all P<0.05).After MRC-5 stimulated by acid at pH four or five, or glycocholic acid at pH four or five, the relative quantity expressions of BMP4 were 2.430±0.105, 2.394±0.145, 125.900±12.620 and 2.128±0.215, respectively, which were higher than those of control group(1.025±0.095, 0.999±0.007, 1.060±0.138 and 0.893±0.110,respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=9.94, 9.59, 9.89, 5.11;all P<0.01).Conclusion BMP4 can increase the expression of CDX2 in HEEC, which promote the genesis of Barrett′s esophagus.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ser473-Akt phosphorylation in the protection of atorvastatin to cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=10), sham group (n=10), I/R group (n=10) and intervention group (n=10). A model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats was establishied, with ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 72 hours. The normal group and the sham group received no injury. I/R group was administered with normal saline only, and the intervention group received atorvastatin 10 mg/kg prepared with normal saline at palinesthesia, 24 and 48 hours after reperfu-sion. All rats were sacrificed 72 hours after reperfusion. HE staining and TUNEL staining were performed in the brain specimens. The ex-pression of Akt and Ser473-Akt in the prefrontal cortex of the brain were detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with I/R group, 72 hours after reperfusion, the damage of nerve cells significantly lessened in the intervention group;the apoptosis positive cells significant-ly reduced in the intervention group (t=-6.014, P<0.001). The expression of Ser473-Akt in prefrontal cortex was higher in I/R group than in the normal group and the sham group (t>20.327, P<0.001), and was higher in the intervention group than in I/R group (t=3.649, P=0.007). Conclusion The Ser473-Akt phosphorylation plays an important role in the protection of atorvastatin in nerve cell through anti-apoptosis of nerve cells, and reducing cerebral I/R injury.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pretreatment for reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in experiment rats.
Methods: Rat’s myocardial I/R model was established by left anterior descending artery ligation for 30min followed-by reperfusion for 180 min. The rats were divided into 5 groups:Sham operation group, I/R group and IR with BDNF pretreatment (1, 10, 100) nmol/(kg·ml) groups respectively. The LVSP, LVEDP, ±dp/dtmax were recorded after I/R;serum levels of LDH, CK and the cardiac tissue levels of MDA, SOD were examined;the ratios of left ventricular myocardial infarction area in different groups were observed by by Evans blue staining;cell apoptosis rates were evaluated by Tunel staining;the total-TrkB and p-TrkB in myocardium were detected by Western-blot analysis.
Result: Compared with I/R group, in 3 IR with BDNF pretreatment groups, LVSP, ±dp/dtmax were gradually increasing and LVEDP were gradually decreasing, all P<0.05;the leaking levels of LDH, CK and the content of MDA were gradually decreasing and the SOD activity was gradually increasing, all P<0.05;the average ratios of MI area/ischemic area were decreased from (47.54 ± 6.35)%to (28.68 ± 4.56)%, the apoptosis rates decreased from (37.89 ± 5.46)%to (10.24 ± 3.05)%, the level of p-trkB/Total-TrkB increased from (0.16 ± 0.03) to (0.42 ± 0.03), P<0.05.
Conclusion: BDNF pretreatment could maintain the cardiac function in experiment rats after I/R injury, it may reduce MI area, decrease oxidative damage and apoptosis, therefore, protect myocardial cells for reducing IR injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of miRNA-324-3p and its target gene WNT2B in tissue specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) specimens. METHOD: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-324-3p and WNT2B mRNA, and Western blot was applied to assay the expression of WNT2B protein in 39 cases of NPC specimens and 21 cases of non-carcinoma epithelium. The relationship between their expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics and their correlation with clinical pathological parameters was analyzed. RESULT: The expression of miRNA-324-3p was significantly down-regulated decreased but WNT2B mRNA/protein increased obviously in NPC specimens (P < 0.01). A negative correlation between miRNA-324-3p and WNT2B was spotted (P < 0.05). The expression levels of these markers were closely correlated with T stage, clinic stage and cervical lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The loss of miRNA-324-3p and ectopic WNT2B might co-induce the initiation and progression of NPC.
Carcinoma ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism