BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle aging is associated with various chronic diseases.Exercise is considered an important means to delay this process,but the multimechanism regulation of exercise intervention strategies still requires in-depth exploration.OBJECTIVE:To systematically outline the main physiological changes in skeletal muscle aging and explore the multiple mechanisms by which exercise regulates these changes,thereby providing a theoretical basis for basic research and clinical applications.METHODS:By searching databases such as Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP,relevant literature from database inception to October 2024 was retrieved by the first author,including original research articles and reviews.The search terms were"skeletal muscle aging,sarcopenia,exercise regulation,physical activity,chronic inflammation,inflammaging,mitochondrial dysfunction,extracellular matrix fibrosis,lipid mediators,satellite cells"in English and Chinese.Literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the included 95 articles underwent quality assessment and data extraction.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The core manifestations of skeletal muscle aging are the decline in muscle mass,strength,and function,closely related to various physiological changes.The decreased protein synthesis capacity and accelerated degradation rate in muscles lead to muscle atrophy and functional decline.Additionally,dysfunction of satellite cells is considered a key factor in the reduced regenerative capacity of muscles.Mitochondrial dysfunction is another important factor leading to muscle fatigue and energy metabolism disorders,directly affecting the metabolic activity and endurance of skeletal muscles.Chronic inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix fibrosis further exacerbate muscle aging.These factors interact synergistically,collectively resulting in skeletal muscle degeneration.(2)Exercise is widely recognized as an important means to delay skeletal muscle aging.Exercise alleviates chronic low-grade inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle by regulating the immune system,increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors,and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,thereby mitigating the damage of inflammation to muscles.Exercise also enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function,improves the muscle's energy metabolism capacity,and consequently increases endurance and strength.Furthermore,exercise regulates lipid metabolism and the synthesis of lipid mediators,reduces fat accumulation and alleviates fat-induced inflammatory responses,thereby further protecting skeletal muscles.The mechanical stimulation from exercise promotes the remodeling of the extracellular matrix,reduces fibrosis occurrence,and improves muscle structure and function.Additionally,exercise activates satellite cells,enhancing the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles,especially notable with strength training and high-intensity interval training.(3)Future research should include large-scale,multicenter clinical trials to evaluate the comprehensive effects of long-term exercise interventions on skeletal muscle aging.By analyzing data from genomics,metabolomics,and other fields,exploring individual differences in responses to exercise interventions can provide more precise theoretical bases for personalized exercise strategies.Besides exercise,the impacts of other interventions such as nutritional supplementation and pharmacological treatments on skeletal muscle aging should not be overlooked.Future studies can explore the combined use of exercise with these interventions to achieve more significant effects.

Objective To explore the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and its association with dietary and lifestyle habits among the adult physical examination population in Xuzhou area. Methods Retrospectively selected the physical examination population who underwent HP testing at our hospital's physical examination center from May 2021 to December 2023 as the research object. The prevalence of Hp infection in the population was analyzed based on the physical examination results. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information on the eating and living habits of all study subjects. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between eating and living habits and Hp infection. Results A total of 1 354 physical examination people were included in the study, and the Hp infection rate was 37.30% (505/1354). The difference in Hp infection rates among people of different age groups is statistically significant (P<0.05), with the middle-aged population (41-59 years old) having the highest Hp positive infection rate (45.38%).High salt (41.11%), hot diet (40.56%), history of smoking (45.23%) and drinking (43.80%), less consumption of fruits and vegetables (43.73%), irregular exercise (41.29%), irregular diet People who frequently eat out (43.56%) and eat out frequently (42.57%) have a higher Hp infection rate (P<0.05).After adjusting for demographic factors such as gender, age, place of residence and education level, multivariate Logistic regression results showed that high-salt diet (OR=3.975, 95%CI: 2.670-5.917) and hot diet (OR=3.357, 95%CI: 2.291-4.919), smoking (OR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.082-1.964), drinking alcohol (OR=1.654, 95%CI: 1.279-2.138), eating fruits and vegetables (OR=1.759, 95%CI: 1.345-2.301), regular exercise (OR=1.822, 95%CI: 1.371-2.421), regular diet (OR=1.893, 95%CI: 1.391-2.575), eating out (OR=1.690, 95%CI: 1.277-2.237) were associated with the risk of Hp infection (P<0.05). Conclusion The positive infection rate of Hp among the physical examination population in Xuzhou is slightly lower than the average epidemic level in China. Cultivating healthy eating and living habits can effectively reduce the risk of Hp infection.

BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle aging is associated with various chronic diseases.Exercise is considered an important means to delay this process,but the multimechanism regulation of exercise intervention strategies still requires in-depth exploration.OBJECTIVE:To systematically outline the main physiological changes in skeletal muscle aging and explore the multiple mechanisms by which exercise regulates these changes,thereby providing a theoretical basis for basic research and clinical applications.METHODS:By searching databases such as Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP,relevant literature from database inception to October 2024 was retrieved by the first author,including original research articles and reviews.The search terms were"skeletal muscle aging,sarcopenia,exercise regulation,physical activity,chronic inflammation,inflammaging,mitochondrial dysfunction,extracellular matrix fibrosis,lipid mediators,satellite cells"in English and Chinese.Literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the included 95 articles underwent quality assessment and data extraction.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The core manifestations of skeletal muscle aging are the decline in muscle mass,strength,and function,closely related to various physiological changes.The decreased protein synthesis capacity and accelerated degradation rate in muscles lead to muscle atrophy and functional decline.Additionally,dysfunction of satellite cells is considered a key factor in the reduced regenerative capacity of muscles.Mitochondrial dysfunction is another important factor leading to muscle fatigue and energy metabolism disorders,directly affecting the metabolic activity and endurance of skeletal muscles.Chronic inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix fibrosis further exacerbate muscle aging.These factors interact synergistically,collectively resulting in skeletal muscle degeneration.(2)Exercise is widely recognized as an important means to delay skeletal muscle aging.Exercise alleviates chronic low-grade inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle by regulating the immune system,increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors,and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,thereby mitigating the damage of inflammation to muscles.Exercise also enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function,improves the muscle's energy metabolism capacity,and consequently increases endurance and strength.Furthermore,exercise regulates lipid metabolism and the synthesis of lipid mediators,reduces fat accumulation and alleviates fat-induced inflammatory responses,thereby further protecting skeletal muscles.The mechanical stimulation from exercise promotes the remodeling of the extracellular matrix,reduces fibrosis occurrence,and improves muscle structure and function.Additionally,exercise activates satellite cells,enhancing the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles,especially notable with strength training and high-intensity interval training.(3)Future research should include large-scale,multicenter clinical trials to evaluate the comprehensive effects of long-term exercise interventions on skeletal muscle aging.By analyzing data from genomics,metabolomics,and other fields,exploring individual differences in responses to exercise interventions can provide more precise theoretical bases for personalized exercise strategies.Besides exercise,the impacts of other interventions such as nutritional supplementation and pharmacological treatments on skeletal muscle aging should not be overlooked.Future studies can explore the combined use of exercise with these interventions to achieve more significant effects.

Objective To develop the "Questionnaires on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Response to Public Health Emergencies" and validate its reliability and validity. Methods The initial questionnaire was developed according to literature review, expert consultations, and one-on-one interviews with students and educators. A total of 43 college students were selected as the pre-test subjects using the convenience sampling method. The final version of the questionnaire was developed using item analysis and expert consultations. A total of 682 college students were selected as the validation subjects using the cluster sampling method. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results The final version of the questionnaire consisted of three dimensions: knowledge, practice, and attitude, with 5, 10, 7 items, respectively. The KMO test value for the questionnaire was 0.804, with Bartlett′s test of sphericity showing a chi-square value of 2 000.557 (P<0.01). The content validity index for each item ranged from 0.894 to 1.000, with the overall content validity index for the questionnaire being 0.966 and 0.973. The exploratory factor analysis identified three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 54.1%. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit, with model fit index, comparative fit index, normed fit index, incremental fit index, Tucker-Lewis Index, root mean square error of approximation of 2.960, 0.930, 0.940, 0.930, 0.950 and 0.070, respectively. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.772, split-half reliability was 0.604, and test-retest reliability was 0.905. Conclusion The "Questionnaires on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Response to Public Health Emergencies" demonstrates good reliability, and it is suitable for widespread application.

Objective:To investigate therapeutic effect and mechanism of sanguinarine on postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)rats by modulating C-X-C chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)signaling pathway.Methods:SD rats were randomly grouped into control group,model group,low-dose(50 mg/kg)sanguinarine group,high-dose(100 mg/kg)sanguina-rine group,NUCC-390(CXCL12/CXCR4 signal activator,2.2 mg/kg)group,high-dose(100 mg/kg)sanguinarine+NUCC-390(2.2 mg/kg)group,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in model group and drug-treated groups were injected with resin toxin(RTX)by intraperitoneal injection to induce PHN model,rats in control group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal dose of normal saline containing 10%Tween 80 and 10%ethanol.After treatment of sanguinarine and NUCC-390,symptoms of long-term spontaneous pain,mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia were detected,number of spontaneous paw withdrawal reflexes,paw with-drawal threshold to mechanical stimulation(PWMT),and response latency to thermal stimulation(PWTL)were compared;spinal cord nerve cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining;ELISA was used to detect levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)in rat spinal cord tissue and serum;Western blot was used to detect expressions of CXCL12/CXCR4 path-way-related proteins in spinal cord tissues of rats in each group.Results:Compared with control group,PWMT of model group was obviously decreased(P<0.05),number of spontaneous foot withdrawal reflexes,PWTL,spinal nerve cell apoptosis index,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,COX-2 in spinal cord tissue and serum,and protein expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in spinal cord tissue were obviously increased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,PWMT of rats in low-dose sanguinarine group and high-dose sanguinarine group was increased(P<0.05),number of spontaneous foot withdrawal reflexes,PWTL,spinal nerve cell apoptosis index,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,COX-2 in spinal cord tissue and serum,and protein expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in spinal cord tissue were all decreased(P<0.05);PWMT of rats in NUCC-390 group was decreased(P<0.05),number of spontaneous foot withdrawal reflex,PWTL,spinal nerve cell apoptosis index,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,COX-2 in spinal cord tissue and serum,and protein expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in spinal cord tissue were increased(P<0.05).Compared with high-dose sanguinarine group,PWMT of rats in high-dose sanguinarine+NUCC-390 group was decreased(P<0.05),number of spontaneous foot withdrawal reflex,PWTL,spinal nerve cell apoptosis index,levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,COX-2 in spinal cord tissue and serum,and protein expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in spinal cord tissue were increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Sanguinarine can reduce expression of inflammatory factors by down-regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway,thereby preventing occurrence of inflammatory response in PHN rats,inhibiting apoptosis of spinal nerve cells,and finally reducing long-term spontaneous pain,mechanical allodynia and thermal hypoalgesia in rats.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of azacitidine combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who are not suitable for intensive chemotherapy.Methods:A retrospective case-series study was conducted. A total of 67 AML patients with newly diagnosed elderly, treatment-related secondary and myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliterative neoplasms primary transformation who were not suitable for intensive chemotherapy were selected from Heze Municipal Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023. Azacitidine combined with CAG regimen was given for treatment, and the efficacy and adverse reactions of the patients were observed.Results:Among the 67 patients, there were 32 females and 35 males with the median age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 68 (65, 72) years old. There were 40 cases in the high-risk group, 13 cases in the medium-risk group, and 14 cases in the low-risk group. After 1 course of treatment with azacitidine combined with CAG regimen, the overall response rate (ORR) was 38.8% (26/67), with a complete remission (CR) rate of 20.9% (14/67), a complete remission rate with incomplete recovery of blood cell count (CRi) of 11.9% (8/67), and a partial remission (PR) rate of 6.0% (4/67). After 4 courses of treatment, the ORR was 59.7% (40/67), with a CR rate of 56.7% (38/67) and a CRi rate of 3.0% (2/67). There were no PR patients. All patients in the low-risk and medium risk groups achieved at least CRi, while the ORR in the high-risk group was 40.0% (16/40). There was a statistically significant difference in efficacy between different risk groups ( P < 0.001). The patient had mild adverse reactions, mainly pain and grade 1-2 hematological adverse reactions. Conclusions:AML patients who are intolerant to intensive chometherapy are effectively treated with azacitidine combined with CAG regimen, and the adverse reactions are mild.

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Tooth Replantation/methods* ; Consensus ; Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*