BACKGROUND:Stem cells can promote nerve regeneration,repair damaged nerves,inhibit inflammation and apoptosis of nerve cells,and provide a new way for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE:To make a bibliometrical analysis of the articles on stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease published internationally from 2004 to 2023,in order to reveal the research hotspot and trend of stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease. METHODS:From the Web of Science Core Collection database,by using Excel,VOSviewer,and Citespace software,the annual number of publications,countries,institutions,journals/co-cited journals,authors,and keywords of articles related to stem cells and Alzheimer's disease published from January 1,2004 to October 31,2023 were visually analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 3 521 core papers were included,and the number of published papers increased year by year.The United States is the country with the most papers.Harvard Medical School is the most prolific institution.Maiese kenneth is the author with the most papers.International Journal of Molecular Sciences has the most papers in this field.The journal PLoS One published the most citations.At present,the field of stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease focuses on pathophysiological mechanism and animal experimental research,and"neurogenesis","oxidative stress","extracellular vesicles",and"mesenchymal stem cells"are the research trends in this field.Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease has broad prospects.In the future,exchanges and cooperation between institutions and authors should be strengthened to further explore the main mechanism of stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease,solve possible clinical problems such as immune rejection,effectiveness,and safety,and further tap the potential of stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective:To investigate effects and underlying mechanisms of glutathione persulfate (GSSH) on the level of testosterone in male obese mice.Methods:Totally 45 mice were divided into 3 groups on average. Low-fat diet (LFD)+normal saline (NS) group: 15 mice were fed with LFD for 10 weeks, followed by LFD together with daily intraperitoneal injection of saline for 45 d; high-fat diet (HFD)+NS group: 15 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks, followed by HFD and daily intraperitoneal injection of NS for 45 d; HFD+GSSH group: 15 mice were fed with HFD for 10 weeks, followed by a HFD for 45 d and daily intraperitoneal injection of GSSH (200 mg/kg). After the treatment, all mice were killed with their necks-severed, testis and serum were taken out from the mice. Serum levels of testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA), the mRNA levels of key enzymes for testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1) were measured by RT-PCR. The testicular protein levels of StAR, 3β-HSD, NR5A1 and EHD3 were measured by Western blotting assay. Protein levels of NR5A1, SOD and Nrf2 were measured in mouse Leydig TM-3 cells that were treated with 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L GSSH, respectively, following with treatment with 100 μmol/L H 2O 2 . Results:1) After treatment, the body weight of mice in HFD+GSSH group did not change significantly, while the body weight of mice in HFD+NS group raised by 24.53% (from 32.46 g to 40.43 g) during the 45-day-intraperitoneal injection ( P=0.002). 2) Serum level of testosterone in HFD+NS group [(12.9±1.7) μg/L] was significantly lower than that in LFD+NS group [(18.3±1.2) μg/L, P=0.020]. However, serum level of testosterone in HFD+GSSH group was (25.42±2.1) μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in HFD+NS group ( P=0.030). The RT-PCR test results showed that compared with LFD+NS group, the expression levels of all key genes involved in testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1) showed a significant decrease in HFD+NS group ( P=0.003, P=0.007, P<0.001, P<0.001). The expression levels of these genes were restored in the mouse testes of HFD+GSSH group ( P=0.002, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.006). 3) Similarly, compared with LFD+NS group [(9.00±1.59) nmol/mL], the serum MDA level of HFD+NS group [(10.61±1.73) nmol/mL] raised significantly ( P=0.016), while GSSH reversed the raised HFD+NS high level of serum MDA in HFD+GSSH group [(9.23±0.94) nmol/mL, P=0.048]. 4) Both levels of NR5A1, EHD3, StAR, and 3β-HSD were reduced in HFD+NS group ( P=0.002, P=0.012, P=0.004, P=0.043), but their levels were significantly restored in HFD+GSSH group ( P<0.001, P=0.017, P=0.004, P<0.001). 5) The levels of NR5A1, Nrf2 and SOD were obviously down-regulated in TM3 cells treated with H 2O 2 ( P<0.001, P=0.002, P=0.004). Conclusion:GSSH can raise serum level of testosterone in HFD-fed mice by up-regulating expression of genes which are important for testicular testosterone biosynthesis.

Objective:To investigate effects and underlying mechanisms of glutathione persulfate (GSSH) on the level of testosterone in male obese mice.Methods:Totally 45 mice were divided into 3 groups on average. Low-fat diet (LFD)+normal saline (NS) group: 15 mice were fed with LFD for 10 weeks, followed by LFD together with daily intraperitoneal injection of saline for 45 d; high-fat diet (HFD)+NS group: 15 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks, followed by HFD and daily intraperitoneal injection of NS for 45 d; HFD+GSSH group: 15 mice were fed with HFD for 10 weeks, followed by a HFD for 45 d and daily intraperitoneal injection of GSSH (200 mg/kg). After the treatment, all mice were killed with their necks-severed, testis and serum were taken out from the mice. Serum levels of testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA), the mRNA levels of key enzymes for testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1) were measured by RT-PCR. The testicular protein levels of StAR, 3β-HSD, NR5A1 and EHD3 were measured by Western blotting assay. Protein levels of NR5A1, SOD and Nrf2 were measured in mouse Leydig TM-3 cells that were treated with 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L GSSH, respectively, following with treatment with 100 μmol/L H 2O 2 . Results:1) After treatment, the body weight of mice in HFD+GSSH group did not change significantly, while the body weight of mice in HFD+NS group raised by 24.53% (from 32.46 g to 40.43 g) during the 45-day-intraperitoneal injection ( P=0.002). 2) Serum level of testosterone in HFD+NS group [(12.9±1.7) μg/L] was significantly lower than that in LFD+NS group [(18.3±1.2) μg/L, P=0.020]. However, serum level of testosterone in HFD+GSSH group was (25.42±2.1) μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in HFD+NS group ( P=0.030). The RT-PCR test results showed that compared with LFD+NS group, the expression levels of all key genes involved in testosterone synthesis ( StAR, 3β- HSD, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1) showed a significant decrease in HFD+NS group ( P=0.003, P=0.007, P<0.001, P<0.001). The expression levels of these genes were restored in the mouse testes of HFD+GSSH group ( P=0.002, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.006). 3) Similarly, compared with LFD+NS group [(9.00±1.59) nmol/mL], the serum MDA level of HFD+NS group [(10.61±1.73) nmol/mL] raised significantly ( P=0.016), while GSSH reversed the raised HFD+NS high level of serum MDA in HFD+GSSH group [(9.23±0.94) nmol/mL, P=0.048]. 4) Both levels of NR5A1, EHD3, StAR, and 3β-HSD were reduced in HFD+NS group ( P=0.002, P=0.012, P=0.004, P=0.043), but their levels were significantly restored in HFD+GSSH group ( P<0.001, P=0.017, P=0.004, P<0.001). 5) The levels of NR5A1, Nrf2 and SOD were obviously down-regulated in TM3 cells treated with H 2O 2 ( P<0.001, P=0.002, P=0.004). Conclusion:GSSH can raise serum level of testosterone in HFD-fed mice by up-regulating expression of genes which are important for testicular testosterone biosynthesis.

Objective:To date, a vast array of localization techniques for excisions of nonpalpable breast cancer (NBC) is available, but the best choice remains unclear. Although ultrasound localization (US) is a widely available and feasible tool, it has several disadvantages for excisions of NBC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of indocyanine green-guided nonpalpable breast cancer lesion localization (INBCL) and to compare it with US.Methods:The clinical data of 78 consecutive patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for NBC in Dalian Central Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were prospectively reviewed the. Of all 78 excision.42 (53.8%) were localized by INBCL and 36 (46.1%) by US. Patients with preoperatively diagnosed primary ductal carcinoma in situ and multifocal disease were excluded from the study.Results:Both techniques resulted in 100.0% retrieval of the lesions. The rate of clear margins was 90.5% (38/42) in the INBCL group compared to the 83.3% (30/36) in the US group ( P>0.05). The margin width at first excision for both INBCL and US series of patients was compared. In the INBCL series, 92.9% (39/42) of cases had a margin less than 5 mm, whereas for US series it was 72.2% (26/36)( P<0.05). When results of the excised tissue were taken into account, the mean specimen volume for INBCL was 58 cm 3, wheres for US excision it was larger at 73 cm3,but there was not significantly different ( P = 0.058). Conclusions:INBCL for NBCs is more accurate than US, because a smaller volume of the tissue may be excised by using the technique, without compromising margin status in nonpalpable lesions. Therefore INBCL is an attractive alternative to US.

OBJECTIVE:To study invalid medical order warned by Prescription automatic screening system (PASS),and to improve rational drug use monitoring. METHODS:The infusion medical order warned with black light,red light and orange light by PASS were extracted from Pharmacy intravenous admixture services(PIVAS)of our hospital during Oct. to Dec. 2014. Invalid warning items were analyzed statistically in respect of warning level,problem types and reasons. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There are 3 392 warnings items,468 were invalid (13.80%) which include 10 items by black light,219 items by red light and 239 items by orange light;by problem types,there are 218 items of overdose and 136 items of repeated treatment,etc. The main causes of invalid warning include 191 items caused by wrong system prompt,126 items by incomplete system information,143 items by insufficient auditing standards,etc. There are still some defects of invalid warning in practical application of PASS. It is suggested that user and developer add the function of self-defined drug list or user-defined system data by,and unify auditing stan-dards of rational drug use,etc.,so as to timely update the system information,and improve the accuracy of software system moni-toring and warning function.

Objective To explore the clinical results and operation experiences for benign breast mass by ultrasound guided mammotome minimally invasive biopsy system (MMIBS). Methods 212 benign breast masses in 186 patients were resected by ultrasound guided MMIBS. Clinical data of 186 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results Needle position in 186 patients was visualized. Lesions were completely removed in 134 cases of 186 (72%) patients. The complete resection rate for tumors on major pectoral muscle or near areola were 31.5% (6/19) and 33.3% (4/12) respectively. Identified by postoperative ultrasound, 118 out of 134 patients (88.0%) with tumor sizes 0.5 to 2.5 cm and 16 out of 38 patients (42.1% ) with sizes 2.5 to 3.0 cm were completely removed. No lesions larger than 3.0 cm were completely removed. All 52 cases in which the tumors were not completely removed by MMIBS were converted to open surgery. Ultrasound follow-up after 4 weeks showed that all the 134 cases that had had masses completely removed had no residual masses, whereas 6 months after operation, 16 out of the 112 cases proved tumor recurrent necessitating open reoperation in 6 cases and second MMIBS operation in 10 cases, among them one case recurred after six months and received open operation. Conclusions For small benign breast mass, MMIBS has therapeutic effect with significantly minimal invasion.