Objective To investigate the factors influencing the natural outcome of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL)of the cervix.Methods A total of 154 patients who underwent colposcopic cervical biopsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected and divided into negative conversion group(55 cases),continuous group(70 cases)and upgraded group(29 cases)according to the follow-up results.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of related factors on the outcome of LSIL.Results There were statistically significant differences in the number of vaginal births,the results of thin-prep cytology test,human papilloma virus(HPV)typing,whether vaginal LSIL was combined,whether there were symptoms,and vaginal microecology among three groups(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that combined vaginal LSIL,vaginal microecological abnormalities,atypical squamous cell-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(ASC-H)/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL),HPV 16/18 positive or mixed positive were independent risk factors for persistent infection(P＜0.05),combined vaginal LSIL,symptomatic,vaginal microecological abnormalities,ASC-H/HSIL,HPV 16/18 positive or mixed positive were all independent risk factors for escalation of lesions(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with vaginal LSIL,vaginal microecological abnormalities,ASC-H/HSIL,HPV 16/18 positive or mixed positive should be followed up and early intervention to reduce the risk of disease escalation.

Immunodeficiency is one of the main clinical phenotypes of diseases caused by germline loss-of-function variants in the nuclear SET domain-containing protein 2 (NSD2)-coding gene. NSD2 gene plays an important regulatory role in the immune system, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, great progress has been made regarding the function of NSD2 gene in the immune system including involving in B cell differentiation and development, promoting germinal center B cell activation and antibody production, recruiting regulatory T (Treg) cells to the maternal-fetal interface to induce maternal-fetal immune tolerance, and up-regulating MHCⅠ expression in tumor cells to trigger tumor immunity. This article mainly reviews the research progress in the regulatory function of NSD2 gene in the above immune processes.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, causing a significant socioeconomic burden. This article reviews the effects of influenza vaccination on COPD and finds that influenza vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of influenza infection, reduce the number of acute exacerbations, and reduce the hospitalization rate in patients with COPD. The vaccine has a favorable safety profile and significant economic benefits, which can reduce medical costs. Currently, influenza vaccination mainly faces challenges such as insufficient patient awareness, insufficient support from the medical system, and socio-cultural and economic factors. Efforts should be focused on reducing the acute exacerbation of COPD patients and providing a scientific basis for the prevention and management of COPD patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, causing a significant socioeconomic burden. This article reviews the effects of influenza vaccination on COPD and finds that influenza vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of influenza infection, reduce the number of acute exacerbations, and reduce the hospitalization rate in patients with COPD. The vaccine has a favorable safety profile and significant economic benefits, which can reduce medical costs. Currently, influenza vaccination mainly faces challenges such as insufficient patient awareness, insufficient support from the medical system, and socio-cultural and economic factors. Efforts should be focused on reducing the acute exacerbation of COPD patients and providing a scientific basis for the prevention and management of COPD patients.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the natural outcome of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL)of the cervix.Methods A total of 154 patients who underwent colposcopic cervical biopsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected and divided into negative conversion group(55 cases),continuous group(70 cases)and upgraded group(29 cases)according to the follow-up results.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of related factors on the outcome of LSIL.Results There were statistically significant differences in the number of vaginal births,the results of thin-prep cytology test,human papilloma virus(HPV)typing,whether vaginal LSIL was combined,whether there were symptoms,and vaginal microecology among three groups(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that combined vaginal LSIL,vaginal microecological abnormalities,atypical squamous cell-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(ASC-H)/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL),HPV 16/18 positive or mixed positive were independent risk factors for persistent infection(P＜0.05),combined vaginal LSIL,symptomatic,vaginal microecological abnormalities,ASC-H/HSIL,HPV 16/18 positive or mixed positive were all independent risk factors for escalation of lesions(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with vaginal LSIL,vaginal microecological abnormalities,ASC-H/HSIL,HPV 16/18 positive or mixed positive should be followed up and early intervention to reduce the risk of disease escalation.

Immunodeficiency is one of the main clinical phenotypes of diseases caused by germline loss-of-function variants in the nuclear SET domain-containing protein 2 (NSD2)-coding gene. NSD2 gene plays an important regulatory role in the immune system, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, great progress has been made regarding the function of NSD2 gene in the immune system including involving in B cell differentiation and development, promoting germinal center B cell activation and antibody production, recruiting regulatory T (Treg) cells to the maternal-fetal interface to induce maternal-fetal immune tolerance, and up-regulating MHCⅠ expression in tumor cells to trigger tumor immunity. This article mainly reviews the research progress in the regulatory function of NSD2 gene in the above immune processes.

Objective:To investigate the effect of microwave on human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV-2) capsid protein in simulated infectious wastes.Methods:Droplets of HAdV-2 virus suspension were added to medical disposable gloves to simulate infectious waste, irradiated under different microwave conditions, the temperature change was recorded, and the irradiated viral supernatant was treated with Dnase I and detected by PCR and qPCR to determine the effect of microwave on the integrity of the viral capsid. ELISA was used to detect the effect of microwave irradiation on the structure of viral hexon protein. The virus was treated alone at the highest temperature during microwave irradiation to investigate whether there were non-thermal effects during microwave disinfection.Results:The maximum temperature during microwave irradiation was 76 ℃, and the PCR and qPCR result showed that Dnase I could significantly damage the viral nucleic acid after microwave irradiation, while the virus control group and heat treatment group were not significantly affected, indicating that microwave irradiation could destroy the integrity of the viral capsid. The result of ELISA showed that microwave irradiation could significantly weaken the binding ability of Hexon protein and antibody, and the result of heat treatment group were similar.Conclusions:Microwave irradiation can destroy the integrity of the HAdV-2 capsid and the structure of Hexon protein, in which the damage to the integrity of the capsid is mainly due to non-thermal effects, and the structural changes of hexon protein are mainly due to thermal effects.

The surveillance data of new cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2021, in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, were used to analyze the incidence rate of AMI and its change trend among residents. The age and gender standardized incidence rate was calculated based on the 7th National Population Census 2020. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trend of onset time and age. From 2013 to 2021, the crude and standardized incidence rate of total AMI in Tengzhou City declined from 130.07/100 000 and 161.12/100 000 to 76.15/100 000 and 72.77/100 000 ( Z=-13.785 and -20.822, both P<0.001). The crude and standardized incidence rates of males were higher than those of females. In 2016, males aged 45-54 years old and females aged 35-64 years old increased by 33.33%, 103.65%, 106.30%, and 95.75% compared to 2015, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.512, 4.965, 25.115, and 46.004, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of AMI in men aged<35 and 35-44 years old had an upward trend. From 2013 to 2021, the incidence rate of AMI decreased by 55.15% in urban areas and 36.59% in rural areas ( Z=-8.529 and -11.235, both P<0.001).

AIM:To explore the effect and mechanism of the interfering Gal-1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),migration and proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells via transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)pathway.METHODS:The stable cell lines(shGal-1)which Gal-1 expression were inhibited completely and their control cell lines were used as experimental cells.Western blot assay was used to detect the effects of shGal-1 on EMT process of MDA-MB-231 cells after TGF-β treatment;The effect of shGal-1 on cell migration and invasion after TGF-β treatment was verified by cell scratch and transwell test;The effect of shGal-1 on the TGF-β pathway related proteins were detected by western blot;Finally,the effect of shGal-1 on cell proliferation was detected by MTT and western blot.RESULTS:shGal-1 inhib-ited TGF-β-mediated EMT in MDA-MB-231 cells and regulated phosphorylation of pathway signaling molecules(ERK,AKT and GSK3β);shGal-1 could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells.CONCLUSION:shGal-1 can inhibit the TGF-β-mediated EMT,migration and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells.

Objective To explore the value of multi-sequence MRI radiomics for predicting clinical stage of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC).Methods Totally 190 patients with single CSCC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively collected.Among them,67 cases with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage ⅠB—ⅡA were classified into early stage group,while 123 cases with FIGO ⅡB—ⅢC were enrolled in middle-late stage group.The patients were divided into training set(n=114,including 40 cases in early stage subgroup and 74 cases in middle-late stage subgroup)and test set(n=76,including 27 cases in early stage subgroup and 49 cases in middle-late stage subgroup)at the ratio of 6∶4.Single factor and logistic analyses were used to screen clinical relevant factors,and a clinical model was constructed.The best radiomics features of lesions were extracted and selected based on pre-treatment pelvic MR T2WI,diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),dynamic contrast enhancement(DCE)-T1WI and all the three,respectively,and the radiomics models were constructed,including T2WI,DWI,DCE-TWI and combined sequences models,then a clinical-radiomics model was established based on clinical model and combined sequences model.The predictive efficacy of each model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves,and the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated.The integrated discrimination improvement(IDI)index was also calculated to compare the diagnostic efficacy of each model in training set,and decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to evaluate their clinical value.Results Squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen in middle-late stage subgroup was higher than that in early stage subgroup in both training and test sets(both P＜0.05),which was used to establish the clinical model.The AUC of clinical,T2WI,DWI,DCE-TWI,combined sequences and clinical-radiomics models for predicting clinical stage of CSCC was 0.66,0.71,0.78,0.81,0.88 and 0.89 in training set,respectively,which was 0.62,0.64,0.72,0.73,0.77 and 0.76 in test set,respectively.In training set,the predictive efficacy of clinical-radiomics model was higher than that of combined sequences model(IDI=0.19,P＜0.05),both higher than that of the rest models(IDI=0.19-0.47,all P＜0.05).When the thresholds were 0.02-1.00 and 0.05-1.00,combined sequences and clinical-radiomics models had higher clinical net benefits in training set.Conclusion Multi-sequence MRI radiomics could effectively predict clinical stage of CSCC,and combining clinical data could improve its diagnostic efficacy.