Objective: To explore human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaccination related knowledge and vaccination willingness of college students in Guizhou Province and their related factors, so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies. Methods: From May to June 2025, by applying convenience sampling method,4 567 college students were selected from 8 universities in Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey. Awareness of HPV and vaccination related knowledge, vaccination willingness as well as related factors among college students were also analyzed. The t test and Chi square test were used for comparison between groups, and multifactor Logistic regression was employed to analyze the related factors of HPV vaccination willingness among college students. Results: The HPV and vaccine knowledge score of college students in Guizhou Province was ( 10.50 ±2.09), and the score of girls (10.81±1.82) was higher than that of boys (10.19±2.30) ( t=10.09, P <0.01). The HPV vaccination willingness rate of college students was 65.6%, and the rate was higher in girls than in boys (67.1%,64.1%, χ 2=4.75, P <0.05). Multi factor Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity and HPV testing were related factors that affected college students willingness to vaccinate (minority: OR boy =1.23, OR girl =1.35; previous HPV testing: OR boy =0.56, OR girl =0.59); boys willingness to vaccinate was related to the number of sexual partners ( OR =0.60), family history of cancer ( OR =0.65), and sexual behavior related HPV knowledge scores ( OR =0.89), while girls willingness to vaccinate was related to bisexual sexual orientation ( OR =0.59), previous HIV testing ( OR =0.60), and HPV and vaccine basic knowledge scores ( OR =0.86) (all P <0.05). Conclusions College students in Guizhou Province have higher HPV vaccine related knowledge scores and are more willing to vaccinate, and those above are higher in girls than in boys. Health education content should be optimized based on gender differences, and promote the willingness and behavior of HPV vaccination among college students.

Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage organ failure. Nevertheless, organ shortage is a global problem, which limits further development of organ transplantation. Recent research shows that genetically modified pig may become a realistic alternative source of clinical organ transplantation donor. Xenotransplantation may serve as one of the effective measures to resolve the problem of organ shortage. Since 2021, 2 cases of living xenotransplantation and 6 cases of xenotransplantation in brain death recipients have been performed worldwide, and phase Ⅰ clinical trial of xenotransplantation has been launched, and the results have exceeded expectations. Therefore, in this article, recent clinical trial results of xenotransplantation in living and brain death recipients were retrospectively analyzed, and scientific, technical and ethical issues related to clinical research of xenotransplantation were illustrated, hoping to provide reference for clinical research of xenotransplantation in China and promote the development of xenotransplantation in clinical practice.

【Objective】 To explore the expression of USP9X in platelets and its effect on platelet function. 【Methods】 The expression of USP9X in human and mouse was evaluated by PCR and Western blot. Platelets from young and old mice were separated and prepared, and the expression of USP9X was detected. USP9X inhibitos were used to assess the regulation of USP9X in platelet function, including aggregation, ATP release and spreading. Platelet lysates were collected in different time points to evaluate the change of phosphorylation of Akt in USP9X inhibitors treated platelets. 【Results】 Both human and mouse platelets expressed USP9X. Compared to the young mice, the old mice showed significantly enhanced expression of USP9X(P<0.05). To assess the effect of USP9X on platelet function, USP9X inhibitor was used to pre-incubate platelets for 30 min and platelet function were examined later. Results showed that USP9X inhibitor significantly decreased platelet activation including aggregation, ATP release and spreading(P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the inhibitor treated group showed a significant decrease in the spreading area after 45 minutes. The Western blot results showed a significant decrease in Akt phosphorylation levels of platelets in the USP9X inhibitor treated group. 【Conclusion】 Both human and mouse platelet express USP9X, and inhibition of USP9X decreased platelet function including aggregation, ATP release and spreading. USP9X can also influence the phosphorylation of Akt. The inhibitor of USP9X may become a potential therapeutic target for thrombosis intervention.

Objective:To investigate the clinical infection status and trends in drug resistance of a rare pathogen Kluyveromyces marxianus ( Candida kefyr), and to provide experience for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:Morphological and molecular biological identification tests and in vitro microdilution drug susceptibility test were conducted on a Kluyveromyces marxianus strain recently isolated from the midstream urine sample of a patient with urinary calculus in the Fungal Laboratory, Changhai Hospital. The ultrastructural damage of the strain caused by different antifungal drugs was observed by scanning electron microscopy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical cases of Kluyveromyces marxianus infection in Changhai Hospital from 2009 to 2021. Results:The isolated strain formed smooth, soft, cheese-like yeast colonies on the Sabouraud′s agar medium, and ovoid or slender spores were observed under the microscope. Morphological analysis, mass spectrometry and sequencing analysis identified the strain as Kluyveromyces marxianus. The drug susceptibility test showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, flucytosine, caspofungin, and micafungin were 0.5, 0.5, 0.03, ≤ 0.03, 0.06, 0.5, ≤ 0.016, and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively. Under the scanning electron microscope, the strain was ovoid to slender before antifungal drug treatment, with a size of (3.0 - 6.5) μm × (5.5 - 11.0) μm; after 24-hour treatment with antifungal drugs at the dose of 1 μg/ml, cell membrane shrinkage was more obvious under the treatment with posaconazole, which exhibited a stronger destructive effect on the strain compared with amphotericin B and voriconazole. From 2009 to 2021, 8 cases of Kluyveromyces marxianus infection were collected, including 6 males and 2 females; the Kluyveromyces marxianus strains were isolated from ascites in 3 cases, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 1 case, sputum in 2 cases, and midstream urine samples in 2 cases. Conclusion:For suspected Kluyveromyces marxianus infection, it is crucial to determine the pathogenic species as early as possible using various identification methods, and to collect strain as well as evaluate drug susceptibility, which will be beneficial for targeted clinical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ubiquitin binding enzyme 2T (UBE2T) on the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma and unravel its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 45 patients pathologically diagnosed with different stages of lung adenocarcinoma and treated with radiotherapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from March, 2019 to December, 2021 were enrolled, and the efficacy was evaluated according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST1.1). All patients were divided into radiosensitive group ( n=25) and radioresistant group ( n=20). Radiosensitive group was complete remission (CR)+partial remission (PR), and radioresistant group was stable disease (SD) + progression disease (PD). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to calculate the score based on the staining intensity and the number of positive cells. Chi-square test was combined to analyze the correlation between the expression level of UBE2T in paraffin specimens of lung adenocarcinoma patients and the radiosensitivity of patients. Lentivirus UBE2T-interfered (UBE2Tsh) A549 and UBE2T-overexpressed SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma cells and their respective controls were constructed for irradiation and colony formation assay. The survivor fraction curve was fitted by single-hit multi-target model. The DNA double-strand break (DSB) marker γH2AX foci were detected by immunofluorescence (IF). The expression levels of UBE2T, γH 2AX and Rad51 proteins were detected by Western blot. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate of A549 were determined by flow cytometry. Binary variables were statistically analyzed by Fisher's exact probability method and measurement data were assessed by t-test. Results:High-expression level of UBE2T was correlated with the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma patients ( P<0.05). UBE2Tsh improved the radiosensitivity of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, and the sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER) was 1.795. UBE2T overexpression decreased the radiosensitivity of SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma cells with an SER of 0.293. γH2AX foci number per cell were significantly increased in UBE2Tsh A549 cells after irradiation ( P<0.01) . Compared with the control group, the expression level of γH2AX protein was up-regulated ( P<0.01)and that of Rad51 protein was down-regulated in UBE2Tsh A549 cells after radiation ( P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the expression level of γH2AX protein was down-regulated ( P<0.05) and that of Rad51 protein was up-regulated in UBE2T overexpressed SPC-A-1 cells ( P<0.001). The proportion of UBE2Tsh A549 cells in G 2 phase was decreased ( P<0.01) and cell apoptosis was increased ( P<0.001). Conclusions:UBE2T might promote the radioresistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells by enhancing DNA DSB repair induced by radiotherapy, inducing cell cycle G 2 phase arrest, and reducing cell apoptosis.

Objective:To explore the value of symptom-oriented clinical lateral thinking training in gynecology internship teaching.Methods:We enrolled a total of 166 medical students of the five-year program of grades 2017 and 2018 who would participate in internships at the First Department of Gynecology of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. They were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 43 students of grade 2017 and 37 students of grade 2018 in the experimental group and 46 students of grade 2017 and 40 students of grade 2018 in the control group. The experimental group was taught using a symptom-oriented clinical lateral thinking training mode, and the control group was taught using a traditional teaching mode. At the end of the internship, the teaching quality was evaluated by means of an exam and satisfaction survey. The data were analyzed using the t test with the use of SPSS 24.0. Results:For both grades 2017 and 2018, the two groups had similar scores of theoretical knowledge, but the experimental group had significantly higher scores of medical history taking, physical examination, and medical record analysis compared with the control group ( P<0.05); for example, among students of grade 2017, the score of medical record analysis was (37.34±1.08) in the experimental group and (32.18±1.32) in the control group. The experimental group had significantly higher degrees of satisfaction than the control group in terms of doctor-patient communication ability, effective information acquisition ability, clinical case analysis ability, self-learning ability, literature search and review ability, team cooperation ability, and learning interest motivation (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The symptom-oriented clinical lateral thinking training mode can help students master the diagnosis and treatment principles of gynecological diseases, improve their abilities of clinical analysis, doctor-patient communication, effective information acquisition, self-learning, and literature search and review, and motivate their interest in learning.

Objective:To investigate the allocation of nursing human resources in burn centers in China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a self-designed questionnaire, a survey was carried out from January to March 2022 to investigate the January to December 2021 status of 39 burn centers in China that met the inclusion criteria based on six strategic regions and other regions, including the hospital grade and the region, the number of nurses and opening beds in the burn centers and burn intensive care units (BICUs), the age, working seniority in burn specialty, educational background, professional title, personnel employment, and turnover of nurses and training of newly recruited nurses in the burn centers.Results:This survey covered 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan region of China). A total of 39 questionnaires were collected, all of which were valid. The 39 burn centers were located in 38 tertiary A hospitals and 1 tertiary B hospital, with 26 burn centers in strategic areas. The nurse/bed ratio of burn centers in the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao was the highest, while the nurse/bed ratio of burn centers in border ethnic minority area was the lowest. Except for the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, BICUs had been set up in burn centers in other regions. Among the 39 burn centers, the percentage of nurses aged 25 to 34 years was 51.21% (738/1 441), the percentage of nurses worked in burn specialty for less than 5 years was 31.16% (449/1 441), the percentage of nurses with bachelor's degree was 69.74% (1 005/1 441), and the percentage of nurses with nursing professional title was 44.14% (636/1 441), which were the highest. There were significant differences in the employment of nurses, the percentage of permanent nurses in burn centers in the collaborative development zone of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was 82.48% (113/137), while the percentage of permanent nurses in burn centers in important military strategic area was only 9.42% (34/361); the turnover rate of nurses was 9.03% (143/1 584), among which the turnover rate of nurses was 18.14% (80/441) in burn centers in important military strategic area. The training for newly recruited nurses in 39 burn centers was mainly based on the guidance of senior nurses and the pre-job education+specialist training.Conclusions:The burn nursing human resources in strategic areas in China are seriously insufficient and unevenly distributed, with unstable nurse team and lack of standardized specialist training. In particular, the nursing human resources in BICUs need to be equipped and supplemented urgently.

Microcystis aeruginosa, a type of algal bloom microalgae, is widely distributed in water, causing serious deteriorated effects on humans and the ecological environment. As a biocontrol microorganism, Bacillus subtilis can synthesize various bioactive substances through non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, to inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa. Thus, it is imperative to investigate the non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) metabolites of B. subtilis fmb60. Three NRP metabolites from B. subtilis fmb60 including bacillibactin, surfactin and fengycin were extracted and identified by genome mining technology. The growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa was studied by adding various concentrations of NRP metabolites. The half-effect concentration value (EC50.4 d) of M. aeruginosa was 26.5 mg/L after incubation for 4 days. With the increasing concentration, the inhibitory effects of NRP metabolites of B. subtilis fmb60 on M. aeruginosa was enhanced significantly. Compared with the control group, with the addition of 50 mg/L NRP metabolites to the M. aeruginosa, the content of Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Yield parameter after cultured for 4 days were decreased by 2.8%, 1.7% and 2.0%, respectively. Those findings indicate that the NRP metabolites of B. subtilis fmb60 can significantly inhibit the photosynthesis and metabolism of M. aeruginosa, which provides a theoretical foundation for the development of biological algae inhibitor of B. subtilis.
Bacillus subtilis ; Humans ; Microcystis ; Peptides ; Photosynthesis

【Objective】 To solve daratumomab interference with blood compatibility testing in multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated by daratumomab(DARA). 【Methods】 The irregular antibodies screening before and after the DARA treatment, and the major side crossmatch via coombs' test and polybrene method, respectively, were performed to resolve the nonspecific interference in a MM patient’s cross-matching test, produce by DARA. 【Results】 The initial panreactivity on the major side with agglutination (3+ ~4+ ), produce by DARA, was overcome by dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment, and turner out to be none agglutination. Otherwise, DARA had no effect on the crossmatch using polybrene method. 【Conclusion】 Antibody screening and identification should be conducted before DARA treatment in MM patients, and DARA interference with blood compatibility testing can be resolved by DTT treatment or the crossmatch using polybrene method.