Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

BACKGROUND:Carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis.However,the effects of different exercise intensity interventions on carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats remain to be revealed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different exercise intensity interventions on carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS:Thirty-two 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=12)and modeling group(n=20)after 1 week of adaptive feeding.Rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus were prepared by high-fat diet and single injection of streptozotocin.After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into diabetic control group(n=6),moderate-intensity exercise group(n=6)and high-intensity intermittent exercise group(n=6).The latter two groups were subjected to treadmill training at corresponding intensities,once a day,50 minutes each,and 5 days per week.Exercise intervention in each group was carried out for 6 weeks.After the intervention,ELISA was used to detect blood glucose and blood lipids of rats.The morphological changes of skeletal muscle were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The mRNA expression levels of carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory cytokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.The protein expression levels of carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory cytokines were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin resistance index in the diabetic control group were significantly increased(P<0.01),insulin activity was decreased(P<0.05),and the mRNA and protein levels of carboxylesterase 1,never in mitosis gene A related kinase 7(NEK7)and interleukin 18 in skeletal muscle tissue were upregulated(P<0.05).Compared with the diabetic control group,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and insulin resistance index in the moderate-intensity exercise group and high-intensity intermittent exercise group were down-regulated(P<0.05),and insulin activity was increased(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the diabetic control group,the mRNA level of NEK7 and the protein levels of carboxylesterase 1,NEK7 and interleukin 18 in skeletal muscle were decreased in the moderate-intensity exercise group(P<0.05),while the mRNA levels of carboxylesterase 1,NEK7,NOD-like receptor heat protein domain associated protein 3 and interleukin 18 and the protein levels of carboxylesterase 1 and interleukin 18 in skeletal muscle were downregulated in the high-intensity intermittent exercise group(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the diabetic control group,the cavities of myofibers in the moderate-intensity exercise group became smaller,the number of internal cavities was reduced,and the cellular structure tended to be more intact;the myocytes of rats in the high-intensity intermittent exercise group were loosely arranged,with irregular tissue shape and increased cavities in myofibers.To conclude,both moderate-intensity exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise can reduce blood glucose,lipid,insulin resistance and carboxylesterase 1 levels in type 2 diabetic rats.Moderate-intensity exercise can significantly reduce the expression level of NEK7 protein in skeletal muscle,while high-intensity intermittent exercise can significantly reduce the expression level of interleukin 18 protein in skeletal muscle.In addition,the level of carboxylesterase 1 is closely related to the levels of NEK7 and interleukin 18.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

BACKGROUND: Circadian syndrome (CircS) may be closely linked to lifestyle, psychological, and occupational factors, but evidence is lacking. This study aimed to explore complex associations between lifestyle, psychological and occupational factors and CircS among employed people in southwestern China. METHODS: In this study, network analysis was used to identify complex associations between lifestyle, psychological and occupational factors and CircS in employed people from the Chinese Cohort of Working Adults (CCWA). The centrality of each variable was estimated by strength centrality index, which was calculated by the sum of edge weights connected to the variable. Bridge in the network was identified as the variables in the top 80 th percentile of overall bridge strength, which was defined as the most strongly connected variables across lifestyle, psychological and occupational factors and CircS. The differences were assessed in network structures between subgroups divided by the median score of the variable with the strongest bridge strengthen. RESULTS: Among 31,105 participants from CCWA, 5213 (16.76%) had CircS. In the constructed network, anxiety (edge weights: 0.28), smoking (edge weights: 0.15), drinking (edge weights: 0.10), perceived noise at work (edge weights: 0.08), and implicit health attitude (edge weights: -0.02) were directly related to CircS, with 83.31% of the variance for CircS explained by these neighboring factors. Anxiety was the most central variable (strength centrality: 1.20) in the network and the strongest bridge (bridge strength: 0.84) connecting all domains of variables. A stronger association between anxiety and CircS was observed in the network of participants with more severe anxiety (edge weight: 0.23) than those with less severe anxiety (edge weight: 0.03). CONCLUSION Anxiety had the strongest association with CircS and was the central factor with the highest strength centrality, also the bridge with the highest bridge strength in the network.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; China ; Middle Aged ; Life Style ; Chronobiology Disorders/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women's health. This study aims to investigate gene and transcription factor (TF) expression differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals using bioinformatics approaches, and to verify the function of key transcription factors, with the goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) between PCOS patients and controls were identified from the RNA sequencing dataset GSE168404 using bioinformatics methods. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The expression and function of core transcription factors were further validated in ovarian tissues of PCOS model mice and control mice using Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: A total of 332 DEGs were identified between PCOS patients and controls, including 259 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes in the PCOS group. 19 DETFs were further screened, of which 16 were upregulated and 3 were downregulated in PCOS. The upregulated DETFs (including TFCP2L1, DACH1, ESR2, AFF3, SMAD9, ZNF331, HOPX,ATOH8, HIF3α, DPF3, HOXC4, HES1, ID1, JDP2, SOX4, and ID3) were primarily associated with lipid metabolism, development, and cell adhesion. Protein and mRNA expression analysis in PCOS model mice revealed significantly decreased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF2α, and significantly increased expression of HIF3α compared to control mice (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in gene and TF expression exist between PCOS patients and healthy individuals. HIF-3α may play a crucial role in PCOS and could serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism* ; Female ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Computational Biology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Adult

Uric acid (UA) is the final metabolite of purines in the human body. An imbalance in UA production and excretion that disrupts homeostasis leads to elevated blood UA levels and the development of hyperuricemia (HUA). Approximately one-third of UA is excreted through the intestinal tract. As a crucial component of the intestinal microenvironment, the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating blood UA levels. Alterations or imbalances in gut microbiota composition are linked to the onset of HUA, which implies the potential of gut microbiota as a novel target for the prevention and treatment of HUA. This review introduces the occurrence mechanism and damage of hyperuricemia, examines the association between HUA and the gut microbiota and their metabolites, and explores the molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-targeted therapies for HUA. Furthermore, it discusses the potential applications of probiotics, prebiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine (including both single herbs and compound formulas) with UA-lowering effects, along with cutting-edge technologies such as fecal microbiota transplantation and machine learning in HUA treatment. This review provides valuable perspectives and strategies for improving the prevention and treatment of HUA.
Hyperuricemia/microbiology* ; Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Uric Acid/blood* ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Prebiotics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

ObjectiveTo investigate the syndrome evolution patterns， characteristics of the used herbal medicinals， and efficacy variations across different stages of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） progression. MethodsBased on the China Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry of Patients with Chinese Medicine （CERTAIN）， 2,506 RA patients were retrospectively enrolled and categorized into ＜6 months group （166 cases）， 6 months to ＜5 years group （1063 cases）， 5 to ＜20 years group （1067 cases）， and ≥20 years group （210 cases）. Syndromes were differentiated before and after traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment， including damp-heat obstruction， wind-damp obstruction， cold-damp obstruction， blood stasis obstructed in the collaterals， phlegm-stasis obstruction， liver-kidney insufficiency， qi and blood deficiency， and qi-yin deficiency. The syndrome evolution rate was calculated for high-frequency syndromes before and after treatment. Analysis was conducted on top 20 frequently used Chinese herbs at the first diagnosis. Clinical efficacy of the 28-joint disease activity score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate （DAS28-ESR） and 28-joint disease activity score based on C-reactive protein （DAS28-CRP） before and after treatment were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the efficacy of TCM treatment. ResultsPatients with course of disease shorter than 6 months predominantly presented with cold-dampness obstruction syndrome （49/166， 29.5%）， wind-dampness obstruction syndrome （46/166， 27.7%）， and dampness-heat obstruction syndrome （43/166， 25.9%）. For patients with course of disease logner than 6 months and shorter than 5 years and those within 5 to 20 years， the dominant syndrome was dampness-heat obstruction syndrome （324/1063， 30.5% and 318/1067， 29.8%， respectively）. In patients with disease duration ≥20 years， liver-kidney insufficiency syndrome and dampness-heat obstruction syndrome both predominated， each accounting for 25.24% （53/210）. The syndromes with more than 100 cases before treatment and a syndrome evolution rate greater than 10% after treatment were dampness-heat obstruction （201/738， 27.2%）， liver-kidney insufficiency （119/367， 32.4%）， and phlegm-stasis obstruction syndromes （73/172， 42.4%）. These were classified as high-frequency syndromes. After treatment， damp-heat obstruction syndrome and liver-kidney insufficiency syndrome primarily evolved into wind-damp obstruction syndrome， while phlegm-stasis obstruction syndrome evolved into damp-heat obstruction and cold-damp obstruction syndrome. The top two commonly used Chinese herbs across all groups were Gancao （Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae） and Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）. In the ＜6 months group and the 6 months to ＜5 years group， high-frequency herbs also included Fangfeng （Radix Saposhnikoviae）， Duhuo （Radix Angelicae Pubescentis）， Chuanxiong （Rhizoma Chuanxiong）， and Qianghuo （Radix et Rhizoma Notopterygii）. In the 5 to ＜20 years group and the ≥20 years group， the usage of Huangqi （Radix Astragali）， Fuling （Poria）， Niuxi （Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae）， and Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis） increased， while the proportion of Fangfeng and Duhuo decreased. After treatment， the DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP scores in all groups significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in clinical efficacy based on DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP across all groups （P＜0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significantly reduced treatment efficacy in the 6 months-5 years group （OR=0.4）， 5~20 years group （OR=0.5）， and ≥20 years group （OR=0.4） compared to the ＜6 months group. ConclusionRA syndromes follow a progression pattern from excess to deficiency， with corresponding transition in herbal usage from pathogen-eliminating to healthy qi-reinforcing approaches. TCM intervention can significantly reduce disease activity of RA， with superior efficacy in patients with disease duration shorter than 6 months.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of viral encephalitis in children and adolescents in Henan Province from 2012 to 2023.Methods:The information about viral encephalitis cases from October 1, 2012 to July 26, 2023 were collected from Zhengzhou Children's Hospital (National Children's Regional Medical Center),Henan Provincial Children's Hospital for the analyses on temporal distribution the cases, the severe illness rate, age distribution, pathogen type and imaging findings of the cases.Results:A total of 6 276 cases of viral encephalitis were included in this study after excluding cases with incomplete information. The cases mainly originated from Zhengzhou (38.96%), followed by Zhoukou (9.93%), Xuchang (8.68%), Zhumadian (7.90%) and Pingdingshan (7.39%). The cases in boys accounted for 62.13% and the cases in girls accounted for 37.87%. Most cases (72.45%) occurred in age group 7-13 years. The overall rate of severe illness cases was 4.51% from 2012 to 2023. There were significant differences in severe illness cases among different areas and years ( χ2=5.33, P=0.021; χ2=48.14, P<0.001). Enteroviruses were mainly detected (31.57%), in which Coxsackie virus was predominant (58.37%). Imaging findings showed that cerebral hemisphere damage was most common in children and adolescents with viral encephalitis (54.93%). Conclusions:From 2012 to 2023, more cases of viral encephalitis occurred in boys in Henan. Children and adolescents aged 7-13 years were the main affected group. The prevention of enteroviruses infection, especially Coxsackie virus, needs to be strengthened. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of cerebral hemisphere damage after viral encephalitis diagnosis.

In fixed prosthodontics, clear exposure of the preparation margin is the prerequisite for obtaining accurate digital impressions and improving the marginal fit of restorations. To resolve the issues associated with the cord retraction technique, such as pain, acute injury, and prolonged procedural time, this study proposes a new technology for intraoral digital impression taking with pneumatic gingival retraction. The new scanning head blows a high-speed airflow that instantaneously separates the free gingiva, locally exposing the subgingival preparation margin. Combined with the farthest point preservation stitching algorithm based on the distance from the normal vector and high-speed laser scanning photography, it achieves global preparation edge data and gingival reconstruction, realizing painless, non-invasive, and efficient precise acquisition of the preparation margin. Using this new technique, a patient with a full porcelain crown restoration on a posterior tooth was treated. The digital impression revealed a clear margin of the preparation, and the crown made from this data has a good marginal fit.

Objective To investigate the pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Lhasa River and provide a scientific basis for the safety of drinking water for the regional population and the prevention and control of water environment pollution. Methods A total of five water samples were collected in the Lhasa River in July 2022. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, 19 types of ARGs, including eight ^“last-resort^” ARGs (LARGs) were detected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22.0 software, and Student's t-test was used to compare data between two groups. Results All the 19 ARGs were detected with high frequencies, with the aminoglycoside resistance gene aadA having the highest concentration, followed by the sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 and the macrolide resistance gene ermB. Among the eight LARGs, the carbapenem resistance gene blaOXA-48 had the highest concentration. The absolute and relative concentrations of LARGs were lower than those of common ARGs. There was a statistically significant difference in the absolute concentrations between them, but no significant difference was observed in the relative concentrations. Conclusion Both ^“conventional^” ARGs and LAGRs have been detected in the Lhasa River. Although they are at a relatively low level compared to other domestic waters, in view of the serious adverse effects that ARGs, especially LARGs, may cause, the pollution of ARGs in the Lhasa River should be taken seriously.