Zangxiang Jingmai Yuanliu Zeyin (Exploration of Origin and Development of Visceral Manifestations and Meridians) traces the historical origin for the development of the theories of visceral manifestation and meridians and in terms of the guiding principles and cultural background of these theories structured by the ancients. It chains the clues of the related knowledge development in Huangdi Neijing (the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) based on the rich historic literature. By interpreting the classics through history and in view of the specific humanistic perspective, the book exhibits the non-linear evolution track of the theoretical knowledge of visceral manifestation and meridians in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. It is an important works in the field of acupuncture and humanities, and enlightens the cross-exploration of acupuncture, even in the circle of academic study of TCM and the humanities.
Humans ; China ; History, Ancient ; Meridians ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Acupuncture/history* ; Books/history* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history*

The paper introduces the investigation on the versions, herbal composition, indications and treatment of Taiyi Shenzhen (Taiyi Miraculous Pressing Moxibustion Technique with Herbal Moxa Stick). Taiyi Shenzhen Xinfa, written by HAN Yifeng in the Qing Dynasty, is the special book with this moxibustion technique recorded in the earliest time. But this book did not record the related herbal composition. In Taiyi Shenzhen, written by FAN Yuyi in the later time of the same dynasty, the herbal composition and the preparation of moxa stick were described in detail. There are many versions of this book, with various content contained. Nowadays, there are at least 4 versions of Taiyi Shenzhen, named, the re-carved version of the original block-printed edition of Taiyi Shenzhen of Yinxiang bookstore version; ZHOU Yonghe's block-printed edition, with the greatest influence and the most widely spread. In terms of the herbal composition, indications and treatment, this version is greatly different from those of Yinxiang bookstore version; and the reprinted version of Guansheng Pavilion in the 19th year of Jiaqing Emperor (1814) and the block-printed version of Hanmo hall in the 12th year of Tongzhi Emperor (1873). These two versions were less spread, and the herbal composition, indications and treatment were very close to those in the version of Yinxiang bookstore.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; China ; Moxibustion/instrumentation* ; History, Ancient ; Books/history*

Zhenjiu Bianyong Tukao (Illustration on Acupuncture and Moxibustion) is composed of the empirical prescriptions, dictated by ZHANG Xichun, the medical master of acupuncture in the Qing Dynasty, recorded and drawn in detail by SU Yuanzhen. There are 5 existing editions of this book preserved, and stored in library of Shanghai University of TCM, bookstore of Nanjing Ancient Classics, library of Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of TCM, library of Beijing University of CM, and China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, respectively. Different from the official canonical book, this book provides a simplified and easily understandable contents, including 3 sections, named illustrations, prescriptions, and medicinal properties. In the book, the acupoints were illustrated specially rather than character portrayal, and the empirical treatment for painful symptoms was emphasized. The majority of prescriptions was intended for external application, often accompanied by ritualistic incantations. Medicinal herbs were systematically classified, and the effects were described clearly. This book provides the records on the experience in treatment for common diseases in rural areas, combined with the unique pictorial view of acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions, representing the diversity of local medicine in the Qing Dynasty.
China ; Humans ; Books/history* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture/history*

Tiya was authored by Japanese medical master, Tanba Mototane. Tiya is the medical work interpreting the terminology of anatomical parts of the body surface in ancient China, by imitating the style of dictionary monograph. Nowadays, this book has received little attention. The book was written during the late Edo period, it focuses on the interpretation of the terms for anatomical parts of the body surface in ancient Chinese medical classics, in which, the textual research of the interpretation was by the citation of a large number of relevant acupuncture literature. The names and locations of acupoints can be reflected from the philological examination of the terms of body surface though the book does not explicitly identify the meaning of acupoints. The paper introduces that the terms of the anatomic parts on the body surface are significant for acupoint research by taking the relevant interpretation as examples through the investigation of Tiya. The research of this book provides the references for interpreting classic texts, re-examining the expression of acupoint localization in modern time, and understanding the meaning of acupoints.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Books/history* ; China ; History, Ancient ; Japan ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history*

Objective To investigate the value of three-dimensional amide proton transfer(3D APT)imaging and multi-model diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)in evaluating the histological grade of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC).Methods A total of 54 patients with CSCC at different grades were prospectively included.All subjects underwent pelvic 3D APT and multi-b-value DWI sequences on a 3.0T MR scanner.Two radiologists blindly measured the amide proton transfer(APT)values of all continuous layers of the lesion,the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)of the mono-exponential-model of DWI,the ture-diffusion coefficient(D),pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*),perfusion fraction(f)of intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)imaging,and the mean diffusivity(MD)and mean diffusion kurtosis(MK)values of diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the efficacy of each parameter in identifying different pathological grades of CSCC.Results The APT mean signal intensity(SImean),APT maximum signal intensity(SImax)and maximum mean diffusion kurtosis(MKmax)values of the high-grade group were statistically higher than those of the low-grade group,and the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient(ADCmin),minimum ture-diffusion coefficient(Dmin),and minimum mean diffusivity(MDmin)values were statistically lower than those of the low-grade group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)increased after the combination of APT parameters and DWI parameters,which was obviously higher than that of a single parameter(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both APT and multi-model DWI are helpful to identify the degree of differentiation of CSCC,and the diagnostic value of combining the two is higher.

Objective To investigate the application value of quantitative relaxation parameters based on synthetic MRI technology in the differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumors.Methods Conventional MRI and synthetic MRI data of 59 patients with patho-logically confirmed parotid gland tumors were analyzed retrospectively.T1,T2,and proton density(PD)values of the tumor were extracted from T1,T2 and PD mapping.The differences in quantitative relaxation parameters of pleomorphic adenomas,Warthin tumors,and malignant tumors were further compared.Diagnostic performance of each quantitative relaxation parameter was assessed and com-pared via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and DeLong test.Results T2 value was significantly higher in pleomorphic adenomas than that in malignant tumors(P<0.05).The T1,T2,and PD values of pleomorphic adenomas and malignant tumors were significantly higher than those of Warthin tumors(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the T2 value in differentia-ting pleomorphic adenomas from malignant tumors was 0.794.The AUC for T1 value(0.939)in differentiating Warthin tumors from malignant tumors was significantly higher than that of T2(0.873,P=0.341)and PD(0.927,P=0.891)values,without sta-tistically significant difference.The AUC for T2 value(0.968)in differentiating pleomorphic adenomas from Warthin tumors was significantly higher than that of T1(0.931,P=0.360)and PD(0.876,P=0.120)values,without statistically significant difference.Conclusion Quantitative relaxation parameters based on synthetic MRI technology may contribute to differentiating pleomorphic adenomas,Warthin tumors,and malignant tumors of the parotid gland.

Objective To explore the value of dynamic nomogram constructed by multi spiral computed tomography(MSCT)features combined with inflammatory indicators in predicting the status of microvascular invasion(MVI)of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)before surgery.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 137 patients with postoperative pathologically confirmed HCC were analyzed retrospectively.According to the status of the MVI,they were divided into positive group(44 cases)and negative group(93 cases).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent risk factors for predicting the MVI status of HCC patients,and a joint prediction model was constructed,which was displayed in the form of a dynamic nomogram.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency,calibration and goodness of fit of the model,Akaike information criterion(AIC)and Bayesian information criterion(BIC)were used for comparison between the models,and a 5-fold cross-validation and decision curve analysis(DCA)were also used to evaluate the stability and clinical applicability of the model.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that necrosis and delayed-phase enhancement(DEd),and alkaline phosphatase to lymphocyte ratio(ALR)were independent risk factors for predicting MVI status in HCC patients.The area under the curve(AUC)of the dynamic nomogram was 0.721,with the sensitivity of 0.705 and the specificity of 0.656.The AIC and BIC values were 152.372 and 158.212,respectively.The calibration curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had a high degree of calibration and goodness of fit(χ2=2.372,P=0.967),the average AUC of the 5-fold cross-validation was 0.787,and the DCA showed that the nomogram model had a good clinical applicability.Conclusion The dynamic nomogram model constructed by MSCT features combined with inflammatory indicators is feasible to predict the MVI status of HCC patients before surgery,and the dynamic nomogram can directly generate the prediction results of different individuals.

Objective To observe the value of ultrasonography for evaluating the anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of vertebral artery course variation(VA-CV).Methods Totally 41 patients with VA-CV(VA-CV group)and 41 patients without VA-CV(control group)were enrolled.Lateral variation of vertebral artery(VA),the origin of V1 segment,the length of proximal subclavian artery(PSCA),the location of VA into the transverse foramen,the diameter of V2 segment,the peak systolic velocity(PSV)and the end-diastolic velocity(EDV)were evaluated with ultrasonography.The value of ultrasonography for evaluating VA-CV and relative hemodynamic changes were analyzed.Results Totally 49 variant VA were detected in VA-CV group,including 19 on the left and 30 on the right side,VA-CV on the right side was more often than on the left side.Seventeen(16 on the left and 1 on the right side)VA had abnormal origins,and abnormal VA origins on the left side were more than that on the right side(P＜0.001).Meanwhile,VA origins of right VA-CV were mostly lower than that of the left side VA-CV(P＜0.001).The length of right PSCA in VA-CA group was shorter than that in control group(P＜0.05).More than half variant VA entered vertebral space from the transverse foramen of C5-6(33/49,67.35％),and the higher the entrance of transverse foramen,the shorter the PSCA(P＜0.05).In VA-CV group,the diameter of V2 segment in left VA-CV patients was smaller than that in control group,while EDV in the former was lower than in the latter(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonography could be used to objectively evaluate VA-CV and relative hemodynamic changes.

Objective:To investigate the role of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) in glomerular podocyte immune disorder and its regulatory mechanism.Methods:Fourteen 6-week-old male hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice were selected, and age-matched wild type (WT) mice were as controls. They were fed to different weeks, and 24 h urinary protein, blood biochemistry, renal pathology and podocyte changes under electron microscope were detected. The expression of HBx and the infiltration of immune cells in kidney tissue of HBV-Tg mice were observed by immunohistochemistry. Human podocyte cell line was transfected with pcDNA3.1/myc-HBx plasmid, and the localization of HBx and Nephrin in podocytes was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ) and co- stimulatory molecule CD40 on the cell surface was detected by flow cytometry. The contents of multiple cytokines in cell culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to screen the downstream related genes regulated by HBx, and real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify their expressions. After overexpression or silencing of Notch1 gene with overexpressed plasmids or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in podocytes, the effects on the expression of immune molecules and cytokines secretion was observed. The Notch receptor inhibitor N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenyl-l- alanyl)]-(s)-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester (DAPT) was used to block Notch1 signaling pathway in HBV-Tg mice, and then blood biochemistry, renal pathological changes and infiltration of immune cells in kidney tissue were observed. Results:Twenty-four-hour urine protein, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were markedly increased (all P<0.05) and renal pathological injury was significantly aggravated in HBV-Tg mice than those in WT mice. Also, HBx was up-regulated and immune cells infiltrated in the glomerulus of HBV-Tg mice. After transfection with HBx in podocytes, the expression of MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 on the cellular surface was up-regulated (all P<0.05), the contents of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in the supernatants were increased (all P<0.05), and the secretion of IL-4 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) was unbalanced. RNA-seq screened downstream genes of HBx, such as Notch1, PLA2R, TLR4, etc; and further confirmed that HBx could promote the up-regulation of Notch1 mRNA and protein (all P<0.05). After over-expression of Notch1 gene, HBx-induced expression of MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 on the cellular surface was significantly up-regulated (all P<0.05), and the contents of MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatants were obviously increased (all P<0.05), and the imbalance of IL-4/IFN-γ was further aggravated. After Notch1 gene silencing, the above results showed the opposite changes. In vivo, the results indicated that serum creatinine levels were obviously decreased (all P<0.05), renal pathological injury and immune cell infiltration were significantly alleviated in HBV-Tg+DAPT group than those in HBV-Tg+DMSO group. Conclusions:HBx protein can promote the up-regulation of Notch1 signaling pathway in podocytes. And Notch1 signaling pathway promotes the expression of immune molecules on the surface of podocytes and regulates the imbalance of cytokines, then causes glomerular injury and dysfunction of immune microenvironment.

Purpose To explore the value of a prediction model based on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)deep learning features in endometrial cancer microsatellite instability status assessment.Materials and Methods DWI data of 32 microsatellite instability and 55 microsatellite stability endometrial cancer patients were analysed from June 2020 to April 2023 in Xinxiang Central Hospital,retrospectively.Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values of the primary lesions were measured,and deep learning features and imaging histological features of the primary lesions were extracted using multilayer convolutional neural networks and PyRadiomics,respectively.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and random forest were used for feature screening and model building,respectively.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and net reclassification improvement were used to evaluate model performance.Bootstrap based on 1 000 resamples was used for internal validation of the model.Results For the deep learning model,a total of 6 features were included,the 7th,57th,77th,82nd,97th and 108th features,with an AUC of 0.905(95％CI 0.823-0.957);for the radiomics model,a total of 6 features were included,1 neighborhood grey level difference matrix,4 grey level region size matrices and 1 grey level tour length matrix feature,with an AUC was 0.844(95％CI 0.751-0.913);for ADC values,the microsatellite instability group had smaller ADC values than the microsatellite stability group(t=-4.123,P＜0.001),with an AUC of 0.810(95％CI 0.712-0.886).Compared with the radiomics model and ADC values,the deep learning model showed improved risk prediction,with net reclassification improvements of 0.856 and 0.486(P＜0.01,P=0.024),respectively.In Bootstrap-based internal validation,the deep learning model also demonstrated higher performance than the radiomics model,with AUCs of 0.897(95％CI0.889-0.905)and 0.829(95％CI0.812-0.839),respectively.Conclusion A prediction model based on deep learning features of DWI images can provide a better assessment of microsatellite instability status in endometrial cancer patients than radiomics model and ADC values.