ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Yishen Tongluo prescription on sperm DNA fragmentation index （DFI） and sperm mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） in patients with asymptomatic idiopathic asthenospermia infertility. MethodsA total of 128 patients with asymptomatic idiopathic asthenospermia were randomly assigned to an experimental group （64 cases） and a control group （64 cases）. The experimental group received Yishen Tongluo prescription， while the control group was treated with Wuzi Yanzongwan combined with L-carnitine oral solution. One treatment course lasted 12 weeks. Spouse pregnancy rate， sperm progressive motility （PR）， total sperm motility （PR+NP）， sperm function （sperm tail hypotonic swelling rate， sperm acrosin activity）， sperm DFI， and sperm MMP were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Adverse reactions were observed and recorded during the study， and clinical efficacy and safety were systematically evaluated. ResultsA total of 121 patients completed the study， including 61 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group. The spouse pregnancy rate in the experimental group was 14.75% （9/61）， higher than that in the control group at 6.67% （4/60）， though the difference was not statistically significant. Clinical efficacy in the experimental group was superior to that in the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the results before treatment， sperm PR， PR + NP， sperm tail hypotonic swelling rate， sperm acrosin activity， sperm DFI， and sperm MMP were significantly improved in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， with greater improvements in the experimental group （P<0.05）. However， there was no significant change in sperm concentration in either group after treatment. During the study， no abnormal safety indicators or significant adverse reactions occurred in either group. ConclusionThe kidney-tonifying and collateral-dredging method shows good clinical efficacy in the treatment of asymptomatic idiopathic asthenospermia infertility. Yishen Tongluo prescription can improve sperm motility， increase spouse pregnancy rate， enhance sperm function， and demonstrates good safety. Its mechanism may be related to reducing sperm DFI and increasing sperm MMP.

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of Yishen-Tongluo prescription(YTP)against oxidative stress-induced senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(PKB/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway in vitro,and to explore its potential mechanism.METHODS:Human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to 400 μmol/L H2O2 to establish a cellular se-nescence model.The cells were treated with 1 g/L YTP and/or 1 μmol/L 740 Y-P(PI3K activator)for 48 h,and were di-vided into control group,H2O2 group,YTP group,YTP+H2O2 group,740 Y-P+H2O2 group and 740 Y-P+YTP+H2O2 group.Senescent cells were analyzed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)staining.The protein levels of P21,P16,γ-H2AX,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B),P62,PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,p-AKT,mTOR,p-mTOR,P70S6K and p-P70S6K were determined by Western blot.The proliferation of the cells was detected by EdU staining.Intracellular level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)was assessed by DCFH-DA probe,and laser confocal microscopy was used to observe autophagic flux in HK-2 cells.Each experiment was repeated 3 times.RESULTS:(1)Compared with control group,the SA-β-Gal-positive cells in H2O2 group were significantly increased,the EdU-positive cells were significantly reduced,and the protein levels of P21,P16 and γ-H2AX were significantly elevated(P<0.01).The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR and p-P70S6K/P70S6K were significantly increased(P<0.05).The protein level of LC3B-Ⅱ was incresed,the P62 expression was reduced(P<0.01),and the ratio of autolyso-somes to autophagosomes increased(P<0.05).(2)Compared with H2O2 group,the intracellular ROS level in YTP+H2O2 group significantly decreased(P<0.01).The SA-β-Gal-positive cells were significantly reduced,the EdU-positive cells were significantly increased,and the protein levels of P21,P16 and γ-H2AX were decreased(P<0.05).The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR and p-P70S6K/P70S6K were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The protein lev-el of LC3B-Ⅱ was increased,the P62 expression was reduced(P<0.05),and the ratio of autolysosomes to autophago-somes decreased(P<0.05).(3)Compared with YTP+H2O2 group,the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR and p-P70S6K/P70S6K,and the protein level of LC3B-Ⅱ were decreased in 740 Y-P+YTP+H2O2 group(P<0.01),while the P62 expression increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The YTP can clear accumulated intracellular ROS,res-cue autophagic flux by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,thus alleviating oxidative stress-induced HK-2 cell senescence.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFNα-2b) antiviral therapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods:A total of 166 treatment-naive CHB patients, who were treated at Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2021 to March 2023, were enrolled in this study. All the patients received Peg-IFNα-2b therapy for 48 weeks. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBV serological markers, biochemical parameters, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokine levels were detected and compared before and after treatment. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and paired sample t test were used for statistical comparison. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion by stepwise regression method, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of immune indicators on HBsAg seroconversion. Results:Among the 166 treatment-naive CHB patients, the rate of HBV DNA negativity following 48 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b therapy was 71.08%(118/166), the rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity was 32.05%(25/78), and the rate of HBsAg negativity was 20.48%(34/166). HBsAg negativity rate was 52.17%(24/46) in patients with baseline HBsAg<200 IU/mL, 10.26%(4/39) in patients with baseline HBsAg 200 to <1 200 IU/mL, and 7.41%(6/81) in patients with baseline HBsAg≥1 200 IU/mL, and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=39.37, P<0.001). After 48 weeks of treatment, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were significantly lower than those before treatment ( Z=9.33, 8.58, 5.99, 2.36, respectively, all P<0.05). lmmune indicators were detected in 58 patients, and the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased significantly post-treatment, with notable increases in CD3 + CD8 + T/CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + DR + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD8 + DR + /CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD28 + /CD3 + CD8 + , and CD19 + B cells, and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-2.56, t=-8.65, Z=-3.58, t=-3.66, Z=-3.04, t=-3.62, t=-3.87, respectively, all P<0.05). Conversely, the proportion of CD3 + , CD3 + CD4 + T/CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + CD45RO + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + /CD3 + CD8 + and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio decreased significantly post-treatment ( t=3.13, t=5.61, t=3.69, Z=3.95, Z=7.33, respectively, all P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the proportion of CD16 + CD56 + natural killer (NK) cells, CD3 + CD4 + CD28 + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD4 + cells before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Serum levels of interleukin(IL)-8, IL-12P70, and IL-17 significantly decreased post-treatment ( Z=2.85, 3.26, 4.12, respectively, all P<0.05), while IL-2, IL-1β, and interferon(IFN)-α levels were significantly elevated compared to baseline ( Z=-4.92, -4.85, -9.01, respectively, all P<0.001). There were no significant differences in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified CD3 + CD8 + T/CD3 + T(odd ratios ( OR)=1.198, 95%confidence interval( CI) 1.003 to 1.432, P=0.046), CD3 + CD4 + DR + /CD3 + CD4 + ( OR=1.185, 95% CI 1.035 to 1.357, P=0.014), CD3 + CD8 + DR + /CD3 + CD8 + ( OR=0.813, 95% CI 0.690 to 0.958, P=0.013), CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD4 + ( OR=0.678, 95% CI 0.488 to 0.940, P=0.020), CD3 + CD8 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD8 + ( OR=1.272, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.512, P=0.007), CD19 + B cells( OR=0.752, 95% CI 0.582 to 0.971, P=0.029), IL-2( OR=8.568, 95% CI 1.927 to 38.087, P=0.005), and IL-17( OR=0.728, 95% CI 0.535 to 0.989, P=0.042) as independent factors influencing HBsAg seroconversion. The area under the curve (AUC) of the proportion of dCD19 + B cells (the reciprocal of CD19 + B cells) for predicting HBsAg seroconversion was 0.716, the sensitivity was 0.636, and the specificity was 0.809. The AUC of IL-2 was 0.657, the sensitivity was 0.818, and the specificity was 0.404. The AUC of dIL-17 (the reciprocal of IL-17 levels) was 0.624, the sensitivity was 0.727, and the specificity was 0.489. The AUC of IL-2 and dIL-17 as a combined predictor was 0.830, the sensitivity was 0.909, and the specificity was 0.787. Conclusions:Peg-IFNα-2b demonstrates significant antiviral, biochemical, and serological responses in treatment-naive CHB patients, with enhanced efficacy in patients exhibiting HBsAg levels <200 IU/mL. In patients with HBsAg<200 IU/mL, the rate of HBsAg negativity reached 52.17%.Peg-IFNα-2b can regulate the immune function of patients with CHB by increasing the proportion of activated T lymphocyte subsets and functional subsets. The proportion of CD19 + B cells, IL-2 levels, and IL-17 levels hold predictive value for achieving HBsAg seroconversion.

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of Yishen-Tongluo prescription(YTP)against oxidative stress-induced senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(PKB/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway in vitro,and to explore its potential mechanism.METHODS:Human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to 400 μmol/L H2O2 to establish a cellular se-nescence model.The cells were treated with 1 g/L YTP and/or 1 μmol/L 740 Y-P(PI3K activator)for 48 h,and were di-vided into control group,H2O2 group,YTP group,YTP+H2O2 group,740 Y-P+H2O2 group and 740 Y-P+YTP+H2O2 group.Senescent cells were analyzed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)staining.The protein levels of P21,P16,γ-H2AX,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B),P62,PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,p-AKT,mTOR,p-mTOR,P70S6K and p-P70S6K were determined by Western blot.The proliferation of the cells was detected by EdU staining.Intracellular level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)was assessed by DCFH-DA probe,and laser confocal microscopy was used to observe autophagic flux in HK-2 cells.Each experiment was repeated 3 times.RESULTS:(1)Compared with control group,the SA-β-Gal-positive cells in H2O2 group were significantly increased,the EdU-positive cells were significantly reduced,and the protein levels of P21,P16 and γ-H2AX were significantly elevated(P<0.01).The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR and p-P70S6K/P70S6K were significantly increased(P<0.05).The protein level of LC3B-Ⅱ was incresed,the P62 expression was reduced(P<0.01),and the ratio of autolyso-somes to autophagosomes increased(P<0.05).(2)Compared with H2O2 group,the intracellular ROS level in YTP+H2O2 group significantly decreased(P<0.01).The SA-β-Gal-positive cells were significantly reduced,the EdU-positive cells were significantly increased,and the protein levels of P21,P16 and γ-H2AX were decreased(P<0.05).The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR and p-P70S6K/P70S6K were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The protein lev-el of LC3B-Ⅱ was increased,the P62 expression was reduced(P<0.05),and the ratio of autolysosomes to autophago-somes decreased(P<0.05).(3)Compared with YTP+H2O2 group,the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR and p-P70S6K/P70S6K,and the protein level of LC3B-Ⅱ were decreased in 740 Y-P+YTP+H2O2 group(P<0.01),while the P62 expression increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The YTP can clear accumulated intracellular ROS,res-cue autophagic flux by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,thus alleviating oxidative stress-induced HK-2 cell senescence.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFNα-2b) antiviral therapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods:A total of 166 treatment-naive CHB patients, who were treated at Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2021 to March 2023, were enrolled in this study. All the patients received Peg-IFNα-2b therapy for 48 weeks. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBV serological markers, biochemical parameters, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokine levels were detected and compared before and after treatment. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and paired sample t test were used for statistical comparison. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion by stepwise regression method, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of immune indicators on HBsAg seroconversion. Results:Among the 166 treatment-naive CHB patients, the rate of HBV DNA negativity following 48 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b therapy was 71.08%(118/166), the rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity was 32.05%(25/78), and the rate of HBsAg negativity was 20.48%(34/166). HBsAg negativity rate was 52.17%(24/46) in patients with baseline HBsAg<200 IU/mL, 10.26%(4/39) in patients with baseline HBsAg 200 to <1 200 IU/mL, and 7.41%(6/81) in patients with baseline HBsAg≥1 200 IU/mL, and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=39.37, P<0.001). After 48 weeks of treatment, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were significantly lower than those before treatment ( Z=9.33, 8.58, 5.99, 2.36, respectively, all P<0.05). lmmune indicators were detected in 58 patients, and the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased significantly post-treatment, with notable increases in CD3 + CD8 + T/CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + DR + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD8 + DR + /CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD28 + /CD3 + CD8 + , and CD19 + B cells, and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-2.56, t=-8.65, Z=-3.58, t=-3.66, Z=-3.04, t=-3.62, t=-3.87, respectively, all P<0.05). Conversely, the proportion of CD3 + , CD3 + CD4 + T/CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + CD45RO + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + /CD3 + CD8 + and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio decreased significantly post-treatment ( t=3.13, t=5.61, t=3.69, Z=3.95, Z=7.33, respectively, all P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the proportion of CD16 + CD56 + natural killer (NK) cells, CD3 + CD4 + CD28 + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD4 + cells before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Serum levels of interleukin(IL)-8, IL-12P70, and IL-17 significantly decreased post-treatment ( Z=2.85, 3.26, 4.12, respectively, all P<0.05), while IL-2, IL-1β, and interferon(IFN)-α levels were significantly elevated compared to baseline ( Z=-4.92, -4.85, -9.01, respectively, all P<0.001). There were no significant differences in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified CD3 + CD8 + T/CD3 + T(odd ratios ( OR)=1.198, 95%confidence interval( CI) 1.003 to 1.432, P=0.046), CD3 + CD4 + DR + /CD3 + CD4 + ( OR=1.185, 95% CI 1.035 to 1.357, P=0.014), CD3 + CD8 + DR + /CD3 + CD8 + ( OR=0.813, 95% CI 0.690 to 0.958, P=0.013), CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD4 + ( OR=0.678, 95% CI 0.488 to 0.940, P=0.020), CD3 + CD8 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD8 + ( OR=1.272, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.512, P=0.007), CD19 + B cells( OR=0.752, 95% CI 0.582 to 0.971, P=0.029), IL-2( OR=8.568, 95% CI 1.927 to 38.087, P=0.005), and IL-17( OR=0.728, 95% CI 0.535 to 0.989, P=0.042) as independent factors influencing HBsAg seroconversion. The area under the curve (AUC) of the proportion of dCD19 + B cells (the reciprocal of CD19 + B cells) for predicting HBsAg seroconversion was 0.716, the sensitivity was 0.636, and the specificity was 0.809. The AUC of IL-2 was 0.657, the sensitivity was 0.818, and the specificity was 0.404. The AUC of dIL-17 (the reciprocal of IL-17 levels) was 0.624, the sensitivity was 0.727, and the specificity was 0.489. The AUC of IL-2 and dIL-17 as a combined predictor was 0.830, the sensitivity was 0.909, and the specificity was 0.787. Conclusions:Peg-IFNα-2b demonstrates significant antiviral, biochemical, and serological responses in treatment-naive CHB patients, with enhanced efficacy in patients exhibiting HBsAg levels <200 IU/mL. In patients with HBsAg<200 IU/mL, the rate of HBsAg negativity reached 52.17%.Peg-IFNα-2b can regulate the immune function of patients with CHB by increasing the proportion of activated T lymphocyte subsets and functional subsets. The proportion of CD19 + B cells, IL-2 levels, and IL-17 levels hold predictive value for achieving HBsAg seroconversion.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and evolution of mental health-related policies in China since the Reform and Opening-Up, and provide a reference for the formulating and developing future mental health policies.Method:Policy documents related to mental health, formulated at the national level since January 1979, were retrieved. The formulation of China′s mental health policies was divided into four stages: before 2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2023. Bibliometric methods such as co-word analysis and intergovernmental relations analysis were used to analyze the number of policy documents in each stage, the involvement of government departments, and the thematic hotspots of the policies.Result:A total of 121 mental health-related policy documents were retrieved from January 1, 1987, to October 31, 2023. The annual number of documents issued fluctuated since 2006, peaking at 17 in 2020; The number of departments involved in the drafting process has increased over time, from 4 departments in 1987-2005 to 37 departments in 2016-2023.The formulation of mental health policies has become increasingly detailed and operational, covering a more diverse range of thematic hotspots.Conclusion:The field of mental health policy in China shows a positive trend with deeper multi-department cooperation and policy content that increasingly aligned with the mental health needs of the general population, thereby promoting the sustainable development of mental health service to some extent.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and evolution of mental health-related policies in China since the Reform and Opening-Up, and provide a reference for the formulating and developing future mental health policies.Method:Policy documents related to mental health, formulated at the national level since January 1979, were retrieved. The formulation of China′s mental health policies was divided into four stages: before 2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2023. Bibliometric methods such as co-word analysis and intergovernmental relations analysis were used to analyze the number of policy documents in each stage, the involvement of government departments, and the thematic hotspots of the policies.Result:A total of 121 mental health-related policy documents were retrieved from January 1, 1987, to October 31, 2023. The annual number of documents issued fluctuated since 2006, peaking at 17 in 2020; The number of departments involved in the drafting process has increased over time, from 4 departments in 1987-2005 to 37 departments in 2016-2023.The formulation of mental health policies has become increasingly detailed and operational, covering a more diverse range of thematic hotspots.Conclusion:The field of mental health policy in China shows a positive trend with deeper multi-department cooperation and policy content that increasingly aligned with the mental health needs of the general population, thereby promoting the sustainable development of mental health service to some extent.

Objective To observe the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF) on CCL4‐induced hepatic fibrosis in mice .Methods The hepatic fibrosis model was induced by subcutaneous injection of CCL 4 in mice .Thirty female Kunming mice were equally and randomly divided into three groups :fibrosis model group (A) ,NGF intervention group (B) and normal saline control group (C) .At 8 weeks following the initiation of experiment ,the samples were collected to measure ALT ,AST ,TBIL ,ALB by the fully automativ biochemical analyzer ,an the liver fibrosis indices (HA ,LN ,PC Ⅲ ) by radioimmunoassay .The Ishaki scoring system was adopted to assess the severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis degree .Results Serum levels of ALT ,AST ,HA and LN in the group A and B were significantly higher than those in the group C (F= 111 .45 ,658 .80 ,157 .43 ,167 .99 ;P< 0 .05) ,the levels of ALT 、AST and LN in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A (P< 0 .05) .The HE staining ,reticular fiber staining and Masson staining showed that the liver fibrosis degree and the liver tissue inflammation in the group A were most obvious ,the liver tissue inflamation in the group B were significantly alleviated as compared with the group A .No fibrous septum was formed and the fiber tissues were fine and short .No obvious inflammatory cells infiltration and fibers formation were found in the liver tissue of the group C .The scores of liver inflamation grade and fibrosis staging in the group C were higher than those in the group B and C ,moreover the scores of liver inflammation grade and fibsosis had statstical differences among 3 groups (P < 0 .05) .Conclusion NGF can block hepatic fibrosis induced by CCL4 and relieve the liver inflammation .

Objective To detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a,interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-2,1L-6,IL-8,1L-10,IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-α in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with epidemic encephalitis B,and to investigate the roles in pathogenesis of epidemic encephalitis B.Methods Approximately of 2 mL serum and 2 mL cerebrospinal fluid from 24 patients with epidemic encephalitis B during acute phase were collected,and 2 mL serum from 20 healthy controls were collected.The levels of eytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Means of multi-sample were compared by analysis of variance and means of two-sample were compared by t test.Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 and IFN-α in eerebrospinal fluid were (24.5±6.6),(7.8±2.4),(16.0±5.7),(17.6±4.8),(130.2±33.6) and (45.2±10.8) ng/L,respectively,and in serum were (25.3±11.2),(7.1±3.2),(14.5±6.2),(16.0±6.5),(82.0±27.8) and (42.5±16.2) ng/L,respectively.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 and IFN-α in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with epidemic encephalitis B were all higher than those in serum of healthy controls [(12.7±7.9),(2.6±1.0),(6.2±2.2),(9.6±3.3),(71.4±12.8) and (30.0±14.0) ng/L;F value was 14.10,29.46,23.38,14.78,32.59,7.52;all P＜0.01];while the levels of IL-2 and IL-12 were not increased significantly.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12 and IFN-α in cerebrospinal fluid were higher than those in serum,while the levels of TNF-± and IL-2 in cerebrospinal fluid were lower than those in serum.The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with severe type of epidemic encephalitis B were (18.8±5.4) ng/L and (20.7±2.7) ng/L,and were higher than those with common type [(12.1±3.0) and (13.3±3.3) ng/L;t=3.50,t=5.96;P＜0.05],while the levels of IL-2 in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with severe type were lower than those with common type. Conclusions Oversecretions of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 and IFN-a are involved in the inflammatory damage of epidemic encephalitis B,while under-secretions of IL 2 and ILl2 may be involved in cellular immune responses.

Objective To study biological characteristics of R5 tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains in different disease stage. Methods Primary clinical viruses were isolated from fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using co-culture methods; meanwhile, viral co receptor usage and infectivity were tested using flow cytometry on GHOST (3) cell lines,which expressed CD4 receptor and CC ehemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) or CXCR4 eoreceptor; to identified CCR5 tropic viruses(R5 tropic strains). Viral replication kinetics was detected in PBMCs. Plasma viral load was measured using an HIV-1 nucleotide fluorescence quantification assay kit. Results There were 22 individuals with HIV-1 subtype B' infection, in which 11 were CD4>0. 2 × 109/L and 11 were CD4≤0. 2 × 109/L. All isolated viruses used CCR5 coreceptor and therefore were HIV-1 R5 tropic strains. The infectivity of R5 tropic strains isolated from patients with CD4≤0.2 × 109/L was (7.392 7 ± 4. 584 2) % ; while the infectivity of R5 tropic strain from patients with CD4>0. 2 × 109/L was (2. 613 6 ± 1. 610 5)%. There were significant statistical difference(t= 3. 262, P<0.05). The possibility of viral replication became strong after the day 7 post-infection. There was a significant difference of viral replication between two groups in the day 7,10, 15 post-infection(t value was 3. 771, 2. 509 and 2. 260 respectively, P<0. 05). The possibility of viral replication was higher in CD4≤0.2 ×109/L group than that of CD4>0.2 × 109/L group. The logarithm of viral load was (5. 606 8 ± 0. 815 1 ) copies/mL in CD4≤0.2 × 109/L group and (4. 729 8 ± 0. 431 6) copies/mL in CD4> 0.2 × 109/L group. There was a significant difference between two groups(t = 3. 771 ; P<0.05). Conclusion Viral infection and replication are enhanced during progression of disease, even if viral coreceptor usage do not switch from CCR5 to CXCR4.