Although the function of tRNAs in the translational process is well established, it remains controversial whether tRNA abundance is tightly associated with translational efficiency (TE) in mammals. Moreover, how critically the expression of tRNAs contributes to the establishment of tissue-specific proteomes in mammals has not been well addressed. Here, we measured both tRNA expression using demethylase-tRNA sequencing (DM-tRNA-seq) and TE of mRNAs using ribosome-tagging sequencing (RiboTag-seq) in the brain, heart, and testis of mice. Remarkable variation in the expression of tRNA isodecoders was observed among different tissues. When the statistical effect of isodecoder-grouping on reducing variations is considered through permutating the anticodons, we observed an expected reduction in the variation of anticodon expression across all samples, an unexpected smaller variation of anticodon usage bias, and an unexpected larger variation of tRNA isotype expression at amino acid level. Regardless of whether or not they share the same anticodons, the isodecoders encoding the same amino acids are co-expressed across different tissues. Based on the expression of tRNAs and the TE of mRNAs, we find that the tRNA adaptation index (tAI) and TE are significantly correlated in the same tissues but not between tissues; and tRNA expression and the amino acid composition of translating peptides are positively correlated in the same tissues but not between tissues. We therefore hypothesize that the tissue-specific expression of tRNAs might be due to post-transcriptional mechanisms. This study provides a resource for tRNA and translation studies, as well as novel insights into the dynamics of tRNAs and their roles in translational regulation.
Animals ; Mice ; Anticodon/genetics* ; Transcriptome ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry* ; Amino Acids/metabolism* ; Mammals/metabolism*

Objective To compare the effectiveness of arthroscopy assisted percutaneous internal fixation and open reduction and traditional surgery tibial plateau fractures.Methods From August 2013 to April 2014, 78 patients with tibial plateau fractures according to random number table were divided into group A and group B, 39 cases in each. A group of traction using arthroscopic surgery, group B with traditional open bag reduction surgery.Results The operation time, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding less and wound lesion area was shorter and less in group A than that in group B; while the healing time and HSS score was faster and higher than that in group B. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the follow-up time of the two groups show no significant difference (P > 0.05); postoperative complication rate in group A was lower than that in group B, and there is significant difference (P < 0.05).Conclusion Both treatment methods can achieve good clinical results, but arthroscopically assisted treatment of tibial plateau fractures reset shorter operative time, less blood loss, healing time is shorter, less complications, but higher HSS score, etc., which reduced the suffering of patients and improved the outcome.