Bisphenols (BPs) are extensively used in food packaging, personal care products, and plastics, making them prevalent in both living and working environments, which has raised significant concern. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals, BPs exert toxic effects on the female reproductive system by binding to estrogen receptors, thereby activating or inhibiting the expression of genes related to reproductive functions, which disrupts the normal function of the endocrine system. This paper reviewed the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF) on female reproductive function, focusing on three key aspects: the effects on the female reproductive organs, the occurrence of associated reproductive disorders, and the mechanisms of toxicity. Specifically, this review highlighted the effects on ovarian function, uterine morphology and function, and fallopian tube function, as well as their correlation with polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, miscarriage, and eclampsia. Additionally, the toxic mechanisms of BPs exposure were summarized, providing a scientific basis for future research on the impact of BPs on the female reproductive system, as well as for the assessment of potential health risks and the development of preventive measures.

Objective:To study the effect of anthocyanins(C3G)on cuproptosis in chronic epileptic rats.Methods:Chronic epileptic rat model was induced by pentatetrazol(PTZ),and 90 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,PTZ group,elesclomol(ELC)group,tetrathiomolybdate(TTM)group,C3G group and ELC+C3G group.The grade,latency and frequency of seizures were recorded in each group.electroencephalogram(EEG)was used to detect abnormal electrical discharge in the brain.The action potential of hippocampal neurons was measured by patch-clamp technique.The contents of glutathione(GSH)and cuprous ions(Cu+)in hippocampus were determined by kit.Neuron damage in hippocampus was evaluated by Nissl staining.The expression of ferredoxin1(FDX1)and lipoic acid synthase(LIAS)in hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the PTZ group exhibited epileptic-like seizures,suggesting that the modeling was successful.Com-pared with other epileptic groups,the ELC group showed increased seizure grade,more abnormal discharges,shortened latency period,enhanced neuronal excitability,decreased Nissl particles,elevated Cu+levels,decreased GSH levels,and increased expressions of FDX1 and LIAS.The reverse was observed in C3G group(P＜0.05).Neuron damage in ELC+C3G group was less severe than that in ELC group,but more than that in PTZ group(P＜0.05).Neuron dam-age in TTM group was less severe than that in PTZ group,but more severe than that in C3G group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:cuproptosis exists in hippocampus of rats with chronic epilepsy,and the C3G can significantly inhibit cu-proptosis and alleviate the occurrence and development of chronic epilepsy.

Objective:To study the effect of anthocyanins(C3G)on cuproptosis in chronic epileptic rats.Methods:Chronic epileptic rat model was induced by pentatetrazol(PTZ),and 90 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,PTZ group,elesclomol(ELC)group,tetrathiomolybdate(TTM)group,C3G group and ELC+C3G group.The grade,latency and frequency of seizures were recorded in each group.electroencephalogram(EEG)was used to detect abnormal electrical discharge in the brain.The action potential of hippocampal neurons was measured by patch-clamp technique.The contents of glutathione(GSH)and cuprous ions(Cu+)in hippocampus were determined by kit.Neuron damage in hippocampus was evaluated by Nissl staining.The expression of ferredoxin1(FDX1)and lipoic acid synthase(LIAS)in hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the rats in the PTZ group exhibited epileptic-like seizures,suggesting that the modeling was successful.Com-pared with other epileptic groups,the ELC group showed increased seizure grade,more abnormal discharges,shortened latency period,enhanced neuronal excitability,decreased Nissl particles,elevated Cu+levels,decreased GSH levels,and increased expressions of FDX1 and LIAS.The reverse was observed in C3G group(P＜0.05).Neuron damage in ELC+C3G group was less severe than that in ELC group,but more than that in PTZ group(P＜0.05).Neuron dam-age in TTM group was less severe than that in PTZ group,but more severe than that in C3G group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:cuproptosis exists in hippocampus of rats with chronic epilepsy,and the C3G can significantly inhibit cu-proptosis and alleviate the occurrence and development of chronic epilepsy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical, pathological and immunophenotypic features, and differential diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) with B-cell proliferation or neoplasms.Methods:Eight qualified cases were collected from the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China from January 2019 to July 2023. One case was diagnosed with AITL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the other seven cases were diagnosed with AITL and B-cell proliferation. Clinical characteristics and pathological morphology were summarized. Immunohistochemical analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gene rearrangement detection were performed.Results:The patients′ average age was 58 years. Five of them were male. Biopsies of the enlarged cervical lymph nodes showed structural destruction and exhibited various histologic patterns. Some cases revealed Burkitt-like morphology, a moderate tumor volume and slightly irregular nuclei. Some cases showed prominent nucleoli. High endothelial venules and expanded follicular dendritic cells were detected. Tumor cells derived from T-follicular helper (TFH) cells were positive for two or more TFH biomarkers. Nodular or diffuse patchy proliferation of B cells was noted around the tumor tissue, which was initially considered as B-cell lymphoma. All of the 8 cases showed monoclonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor genes while 5 of them also showed clonal rearrangements of the Ig genes. Seven of the 8 cases were subject to the detection of C-MYC gene breakage and were all negative. EBV-positive cells were seen in 6 cases. Neoplastic B cells were positive for C-MYC (>40%), while proliferative B cells were negative for C-MYC (<40%).Conclusions:The histological morphology of AITL with B-cell proliferation or lymphoma may be different from AITL. An integrated analysis, incorporating clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular assessment, helps reach an accurate diagnosis. This group of cases demonstrated the clinical and pathological characteristics of AITL accompanied by B-cell proliferation and B-cell lymphoma. The findings suggest that C-MYC maybe a feasible indicator for distinguishing B-cell proliferation from B-cell lymphoma, and provide a simple and feasible immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis and research of composite lymphoma.

Abstract Mental health education of adolescents has received lots attention,while complex systems in sport are of great significance for promoting mental health of primary and middle school students. By comprehensively analyzing relevant findings, the paper discusses the effects of complex systems in sport on mental health problems of primary and middle school students,especially depression,anxiety,sleep,cognition,and social ability,and explores possible strategies associated with complex systems in sport to promote mental health of primary and middle school students,aiming provide data for effective sports health education among school teachers.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic etiology for a child featuring congenital hypothyroidism (CH). METHODS: Whole exome sequencing (WES), copy number variation (CNV) sequencing and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were carried out for a newborn infant who had presented at Linyi People's Hospital for CH. Clinical data of the child was analyzed, in addition with a literature review. RESULTS: The main characteristics of the newborn infant had included peculiar face, vulvar edema, hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, recurrent respiratory tract infection with laryngeal wheezing and feeding difficulties. Laboratory test indicated hypothyroidism. WES suggested a CNV deletion on chromosome 14q12q13. CMA further confirmed a 4.12 Mb deletion at chromosome 14q12q13.3 (32649595_36769800), which has encompassed 22 genes including NKX2-1, the pathogenic gene for CH. The same deletion was found in neither of her parents. CONCLUSION Through the analysis of clinical phenotype and genetic variant, the child was diagnosed with 14q12q13.3 microdeletion syndrome.
Female ; Humans ; Congenital Hypothyroidism/genetics* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Phenotype ; Syndrome ; Microarray Analysis

Objective:To evaluate the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine-induced alleviation of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in rats.Methods:One hundred clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 270-320 g, aged 4-5 months, were divided into 5 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), VILI group (group V), AMG9810 group (group A), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and dexmedetomidine + RTX group (group DR). VILI model was prepared by mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume of 40 ml/kg for 4 h. In group A, TRPV1 inhibitor AMG9810 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before mechanical ventilation.Dexmedetomidine 5.0 μg/kg was intravenously infused at 20 min before mechanical ventilation, and dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused at the rate of 5.0 μ g·kg -1·h -1 during ventilation in group D and group DR.In group DR, RTX 70 μ g/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 3 consecutive days before mechanical ventilation.At 4 h of mechanical ventilation, the concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected, oxygenation index (OI) and wet/dry lung weight (W/D) ratio were measured, the histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed, and lung injury was assessed and scored.The expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB in lung tissues was detected by Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB mRNA. Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were significantly increased, OI was decreased, the W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased, and the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group V ( P<0.05). Compared with group V, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were significantly decreased, OI was increased, the W/D ratio and lung injury scores were decreased, and the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was down-regulated in A, D and DR groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group D, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were significantly increased, OI was decreased, the W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased, and the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group DR ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine alleviates VILI is partially related to inhibition of the activation of TRPV1/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibition of the inflammatory responses in lung tissues of rats.

Rubus corchorifolius(Shanmei or mountain berry,2n=14)is widely distributed in China,and its fruits possess high nutritional and medicinal values.Here,we reported a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of Shanmei,with contig size of 215.69 Mb and 26,696 genes.Genome comparison among Rosaceae species showed that Shanmei and Fupenzi(Rubus chingii Hu)were most closely related,followed by blackberry(Rubus occidentalis),and that environmental adaptation-related genes were expanded in the Shanmei genome.Further resequenc-ing of 101 samples of Shanmei collected from four regions in the provinces of Yunnan,Hunan,Jiangxi,and Sichuan in China revealed that among these samples,the Hunan population of Shanmei possessed the highest diversity and represented the more ancestral population.Moreover,the Yunnan population underwent strong selection based on the nucleotide diversity,linkage dise-quilibrium,and historical effective population size analyses.Furthermore,genes from candidate genomic regions that showed strong divergence were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosyn-thesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways,indicating the genetic basis of adaptation of Shanmei to the local environment.The high-quality assembled genome and the variome dataset of Shanmei provide valuable resources for breeding applications and for elucidating the genome evo-lution and ecological adaptation of Rubus species.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/sodium-potassium ATPase(Na + -K + -ATPase)signaing pathway in lung tissues of rats with mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). Methods:Forty-eighty clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 270-320 g, aged 4-5 months, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), VILI (alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) group (group V), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and dexmedetomidine plus yohimbine group (group DY). Group C underwent no mechanical ventilation and breathed air spontaneously for 4 h. Mechanical ventilation (respiratory rate 40 breaths/min, tidal volume 40 ml/kg, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1∶1, PEEP 0, fraction of inspired oxygen 21%) lasted 4 h in group V. Dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously in a dose of 5.0 μg/kg at 20 min before ventilation followed by an infusion of 5.0 μg·kg -1· h -1 throughout ventilation in group D. In group DY, yohimbine 0.1 mg/kg was injected intravenously at 10 min before dexmedetomidine, and the other treatments were similar to these previously described in group D. Blood samples and lung tissues were taken at 4 h of mechanical ventilation to determine the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), lung permeability index (LPI), alveolar fluid clearance rate (AFC), and expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and Na + -K + -ATPase in lung tissues (by Western blot) and to observe pathological changes of lung tissues. Results:Compared with group C, LPI and W/D ratio were significantly increased, AFC was decreased, p-ERK expression was up-regulated, and Na + -K + -ATPase expression was down-regulated in group V and group DY ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of the parameters mentioned above in group D ( P>0.05). Compared with group V, LPI and W/D ratio were significantly decreased, AFC was increased, p-ERK expression was down-regulated, Na + -K + -ATPase expression was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group D, and no significant change was found in the incidence of the parameters mentioned above in group DY ( P>0.05). Compared with group D, LPI and W/D ratio were significantly increased, AFC was decreased, p-ERK expression was up-regulated, Na + -K + -ATPase expression was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of lung tissues were accentuated in group DY. Conclusion:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine alleviates VILI may be related to activating alpha2-adrenergic receptors and inhibiting ERK/Na + -K + -ATPase signaling pathway in rats.

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen, and influence of ibuprofen in hippocampal nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatome and its related products in chronic epilepsy rats models.Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) group and PTZ+ibuprofen group ( n=10). Rats in the PTZ group were intraperitoneally injected with PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every one d, and rats in the PTZ+ibuprofen group were intraperitoneally injected with ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) once every one d 30 min before PTZ injection; rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline every one d. Injection for 15 times was performed. After the last injection, the rats were observed for 10 min, and the latency, seizure level and complete ignition of the rats in each group were recorded. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to detect the abnormal brain discharge in rats. Four h after last injection, HE staining and Nissl staining were used to detect the proportion of damaged hippocampal neurons in each group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the absorbance values of NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-18 positive cells in the hippocampus of rats in each group; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-18 in the hippocampus of each group. Results:(1) As compared with the PTZ group, rats in the PTZ+ibuprofen group had statistically lower incidence of complete ignition, significantly longer latency and significantly lower seizure level ( P<0.05). EEG showed spikes and high amplitude epileptic wave discharge in rats of the PTZ group; EEG showed low amplitude small spiny wave and slow spiny wave in rats of the PTZ+ibuprofen group. (2) As compared with the control group, the proportion of injured hippocampal neurons significantly increased in the PTZ group and PTZ+ibuprofen group ( P<0.05); and the proportion of injured hippocampal neurons in the PTZ+ibuprofen group signficantly decreased as compared with that in the PTZ group ( P<0.05). (3) As compared with those in the control group, the absorbance values of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 positive cells, and the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the hippocampus of the PTZ group and PTZ+ibuprofen group were all significantly increased ( P<0.05); as compared with the PTZ group, the the absorbance values of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 positive cells, and the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the hippocampus in the PTZ+ibuprofen group were all significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ibuprofen can inhibit the expressions of NLRP3 inflammatome, caspase-1 and IL-18, reduce the intensity of seizures, and play a neuroprotective role.