The healing of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction is a complex process,which is influenced by multiple factors.After tooth extraction,the soft and hard tissues surrounding the extraction site undergo remodeling.During this process,systemic factors and local anatomical structure of the extraction site play a significant role.This review provides a detailed discussion of the alveolar socket healing process and its potential influencing factors.It aims to offer clinicians a comprehensive reference when assessing the healing potential of different extraction sites,thereby providing more informed and precise clinical decision-making.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and existing issues of hospital-associated infection manage-ment in non-public medical institutions,so as to provide data for the formulation of hospital-associated infec-tion management policies and the construction of a quality evaluation system for hospital-associated infection man-agement in non-public medical institutions.METHODS A qualitative research method was employed.In Dec.2023,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 directors of hospital-associated infection management depart-ments in primary,secondary and tertiary non-public medical institutions.The interview data were coded and ana-lyzed by Nvivo 12.0 software to refine themes.RESULTS Three themes were refined:the organizational system for hospital-associated infection management in non-public medical institutions had been basically established,but the division of functions and responsibilities was not yet fully clear,hospital-associated infection management had achieved certain results,including collaborating with other departments to standardize and implement infection control measures,enhancing staff awareness of infection control,and promoting the establishment of organization-al systems.There were issues in infection control works such as insufficient funding,personnel allocation not meeting requirements,and difficulties in implementing infection control measures.The most urgent assis-tance needed was to address the training and professional title promotion for full-time and part-time infection con-trol personnel.CONCLUSION Non-public medical institutions should strengthen staffing and training,enhance the pro-fessional capabilities of infection control personnel,and establish hospital-associated infection management standards that are tailored to the characteristics of non-public medical institutions at all levels.

The healing of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction is a complex process,which is influenced by multiple factors.After tooth extraction,the soft and hard tissues surrounding the extraction site undergo remodeling.During this process,systemic factors and local anatomical structure of the extraction site play a significant role.This review provides a detailed discussion of the alveolar socket healing process and its potential influencing factors.It aims to offer clinicians a comprehensive reference when assessing the healing potential of different extraction sites,thereby providing more informed and precise clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the morphology and elasticity of the levator ani muscle(LAM)and stress urinary incontinence(SUI),and to develop a multimodal diagnostic model for SUI based on LAM morphology and elasticity parameters,while evaluating the diagnostic performance of this model.Methods From September 2020 to September 2022,147 female patients with SUI from the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology were enrolled as the SUI group(case group),while 144 women without SUI during the same period were selected as the non-SUI group(control group).Transperineal ultrasonography was conducted to measure the anteroposterior diameter(LH-A1)and transverse diameter(LH-D1)of the levator hiatus at rest,the resting area of the levator hiatus(LA1),as well as the anteroposterior diameter(LH-A2),transverse diameter(LH-D2),and area(LA2)of the levator hiatus during the maximum Valsalva maneuver.Addi-tionally,ultrasonography was used to observe LAM injury(LA-MI)during pelvic muscle contraction.Shear wave elastography(SWE)was also performed transperineally to record the elastic modulus values of the puborectalis muscle at rest(E1)and during pelvic muscle contraction(E3).The differences in ultrasound parameters between the two groups were compared,and a logistic regression model was constructed for multivariate analysis to establish a diagnostic model for SUI.The goodness of fit of the logistic regression model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.The diagnostic performance of individual indicators and the diagnostic model for SUI was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Finally,the clinical utility of the model was assessed using decision curve analysis.Results There were statistically significant differences in age,BMI,LH-A1,LH-D1,LA1,LH-A2,LH-D2,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age,BMI,LH-A1,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 were significantly associated with SUI(P<0.05).Based on these findings,a diagnostic model for SUI was established:PRESUI=0.261×age+0.904×BMI-4.300×LH-A1+1.166×LA2-2.815×LA-MI+0.587×E1-0.631×E3-1.258.The model demon-strated excellent goodness-of-fit(P=0.983).The ROC curve analysis indicated that age,BMI,LH-A1,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 all exhibited diagnostic efficacy for SUI(AUC>0.500,P<0.05).Notably,the AUC of the constructed diagnostic model for SUI was 0.996(95%CI:0.992～1.000),suggesting that the diagnostic accuracy of the model surpassed that of individual indicators.When the cut-off value of the diagnostic model was set at 0.437,the sensitivity reached 98.0%,and the specificity was 97.2%.Furthermore,the decision curve analysis demon-strated that the diagnostic model provided substantial net clinical benefit within the threshold probability range of 0.1 to 1.0.Conclusions The morphology and elasticity of the LAM are significantly altered in women with SUI.The SWE technique demonstrates potential application value for quantitatively assessing the elasticity of the LAM.Furthermore,the diagnostic model constructed based on age,BMI,LH-A1,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 exhibits high clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the morphology and elasticity of the levator ani muscle(LAM)and stress urinary incontinence(SUI),and to develop a multimodal diagnostic model for SUI based on LAM morphology and elasticity parameters,while evaluating the diagnostic performance of this model.Methods From September 2020 to September 2022,147 female patients with SUI from the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology were enrolled as the SUI group(case group),while 144 women without SUI during the same period were selected as the non-SUI group(control group).Transperineal ultrasonography was conducted to measure the anteroposterior diameter(LH-A1)and transverse diameter(LH-D1)of the levator hiatus at rest,the resting area of the levator hiatus(LA1),as well as the anteroposterior diameter(LH-A2),transverse diameter(LH-D2),and area(LA2)of the levator hiatus during the maximum Valsalva maneuver.Addi-tionally,ultrasonography was used to observe LAM injury(LA-MI)during pelvic muscle contraction.Shear wave elastography(SWE)was also performed transperineally to record the elastic modulus values of the puborectalis muscle at rest(E1)and during pelvic muscle contraction(E3).The differences in ultrasound parameters between the two groups were compared,and a logistic regression model was constructed for multivariate analysis to establish a diagnostic model for SUI.The goodness of fit of the logistic regression model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.The diagnostic performance of individual indicators and the diagnostic model for SUI was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Finally,the clinical utility of the model was assessed using decision curve analysis.Results There were statistically significant differences in age,BMI,LH-A1,LH-D1,LA1,LH-A2,LH-D2,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age,BMI,LH-A1,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 were significantly associated with SUI(P<0.05).Based on these findings,a diagnostic model for SUI was established:PRESUI=0.261×age+0.904×BMI-4.300×LH-A1+1.166×LA2-2.815×LA-MI+0.587×E1-0.631×E3-1.258.The model demon-strated excellent goodness-of-fit(P=0.983).The ROC curve analysis indicated that age,BMI,LH-A1,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 all exhibited diagnostic efficacy for SUI(AUC>0.500,P<0.05).Notably,the AUC of the constructed diagnostic model for SUI was 0.996(95%CI:0.992～1.000),suggesting that the diagnostic accuracy of the model surpassed that of individual indicators.When the cut-off value of the diagnostic model was set at 0.437,the sensitivity reached 98.0%,and the specificity was 97.2%.Furthermore,the decision curve analysis demon-strated that the diagnostic model provided substantial net clinical benefit within the threshold probability range of 0.1 to 1.0.Conclusions The morphology and elasticity of the LAM are significantly altered in women with SUI.The SWE technique demonstrates potential application value for quantitatively assessing the elasticity of the LAM.Furthermore,the diagnostic model constructed based on age,BMI,LH-A1,LA2,LA-MI,E1,and E3 exhibits high clinical application value.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and existing issues of hospital-associated infection manage-ment in non-public medical institutions,so as to provide data for the formulation of hospital-associated infec-tion management policies and the construction of a quality evaluation system for hospital-associated infection man-agement in non-public medical institutions.METHODS A qualitative research method was employed.In Dec.2023,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 directors of hospital-associated infection management depart-ments in primary,secondary and tertiary non-public medical institutions.The interview data were coded and ana-lyzed by Nvivo 12.0 software to refine themes.RESULTS Three themes were refined:the organizational system for hospital-associated infection management in non-public medical institutions had been basically established,but the division of functions and responsibilities was not yet fully clear,hospital-associated infection management had achieved certain results,including collaborating with other departments to standardize and implement infection control measures,enhancing staff awareness of infection control,and promoting the establishment of organization-al systems.There were issues in infection control works such as insufficient funding,personnel allocation not meeting requirements,and difficulties in implementing infection control measures.The most urgent assis-tance needed was to address the training and professional title promotion for full-time and part-time infection con-trol personnel.CONCLUSION Non-public medical institutions should strengthen staffing and training,enhance the pro-fessional capabilities of infection control personnel,and establish hospital-associated infection management standards that are tailored to the characteristics of non-public medical institutions at all levels.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore and analyse the factors influencing the acceptability of"Internet medical alliance"among medical staff by UTAUT model,with a view to providing a basis for the sustainable development of"Internet medical alliance".Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among medical staff participating in the"Internet medical alliance"in municipal hospitals,count-level hospitals,township health centers,village clinics and community health service centers.SPSS 20.0 and Amos 17.0 software were used to statistically describe the acceptance of"Internet medical alliance",and a structural equation model with behavioral intention and satisfaction as dependent variables was constructed.Results In the range of independent variables,the 841 follow-up subjects had the highest individual creativity score at(3.88±0.67),followed by social influence at(3.86±0.66)and the lowest perceived risk score at(3.52±0.78).Of the dependent variables,the behavioural intention score was(3.86±0.68)and the satisfaction score was(7.72±1.88).Conclusion Facilitation,individual creativity,self-efficacy,performance expectations,effort expectations,having heard of"Internet medical alliance"education level and perceived risk were key factors in the behavioral intention and satisfaction of medical staff to participate in"Internet medical alliance".

Objective:To standardize the quantitation of 18F-Florbetapir PET SUV ratio (SUVR) to the Centiloid (CL) scale, and analyze the positive rate of β-amyloid (Aβ) in Chinese Preclinical Alzheimer′s Disease (AD) Study (C-PAS). Methods:11C-Pittsburgh compound B(PIB) and 18F-Florbetapir images from public databases " Standard PIB" and " Florbetapir Calibration" were preprocessed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 12, and the transformative formulas from SUVR to CL were derived. Then a total of 942 subjects (357 males, 585 females; age (66.4±8.1) years) from C-PAS who received 18F-Florbetapir PET at the Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from October 2018 to August 2023 were retrospectively included. CL values were calculated and the Aβ positive rates (CL value≤12, Aβ negative; 12< CL value<30, Aβ subtle pathology; CL value≥30, Aβ positive) of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive unimpaired (CU) groups were explored. Data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, Dunn′s test (Bonferroni correction ) and χ2 test. Results:The formula for the 18F-Florbetapir SUVR converted to CL was CL=179.64×SUVR_Florbetapir-186.95. In the C-PAS cohort, the SUVR, CL value, Aβ positive rate (including subtle pathology) of patients with clinically diagnosed AD were 1.29±0.22, 43.97±39.23, 71.80%(140/195), which were 1.04(1.02, 1.14), 1.16(-4.04, 17.14), 28.50%(61/214) for patients with MCI, and 1.04(1.01, 1.08), 0.54(-5.29, 7.69), 15.38%(82/533) for CU subjects, respectively. SUVR, CL value and the ratio of negative, subtle and positive Aβ pathology of the above three groups exhibited statistical differences ( H=148.30, H=148.30, χ2=262.12, all P<0.001). Besides, mixed MCI group exhibited higher CL values ((2.45(-1.54, 46.32) vs -1.58(-6.33, 7.20); H=8.21, P=0.016; z=2.81, P=0.015) and Aβ positive rate (including subtle pathology) (41.18%(14/34) vs 14.64%(6/41); χ2 values: 12.71 and 10.63, both P<0.01), compared to non-amnestic MCI group. The CL values and Aβ positive rates were also increased with age in CU group. Conclusion:This study validates the feasibility of the CL formula with 18F-Florbetapir images and reveals Aβ deposition in C-PAS cohort, which can lay the foundation for multi-center Aβ PET studies in China.