Saliva is an important body fluid in the oral cavity containing lots of biomarkers, whose inherent micro-ecosystem holds significant value for early diagnosis and monitoring of oral diseases. Simultaneously, saliva has particular advantages, such as ease of sampling, painless and non-invasive collection, and suitability for repeated sampling, making it highly appropriate for surveillance and follow-up of diseases. In a series of studies conducted by the research group for preventive dentistry in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, we compared different segments of saliva and those samples collected via different sampling methods using proteomic/peptidomic and microbiomic technologies to explore the stability of saliva samples. Besides, the significance of applying representative salivary biomarkers in early prevention and control of representative oral diseases (e.g. dental caries, periodontal diseases) and systemic conditions (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease) was confirmed as well.
Humans ; Saliva/chemistry* ; Dental Caries/diagnosis* ; Biomarkers/analysis* ; Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis* ; Mouth Diseases/diagnosis* ; Proteomics/methods* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis* ; Microbiota ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control*

Objective: To explore peptidomic changes of peptides in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after treatment of gingivitis. Methods: From January 2017 to September 2017, seventeen participants at the age of 24-62 (6 males and 11 females) at Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology with gingivitis were recruited in the present study. Their clinical parameters were measured and recorded. Saliva and GCF samples were collected from each of the participants at the baseline and 7 days after ultrasonic supragingival scaling, respectively. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was employed to detect the changes of peptidomic profiles, while ano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC/ESI-MS/MS) was performed to identify the possible proteins from which the peptides might derive. Results: Initially, four peptide peaks [mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values: 1 030.6, 1 043.4, 1 053.4 and 1 064.6] were screened out exhibiting a decreasing trend after treatment (P<0.05). Besides, five peptide peaks from gingival crevicular fluid (P<0.05) exhibited differential expression, among which 1 055.5 and 1 168.3 demonstrating a decrease after treatment, while 3 363.7, 3 480.9 and 3 489.5 increased overtime. Certain positive correlations were detected between some peptides and clinical parameters. Principle component analysis using the above mentioned peptide peaks showed a distinct distribution before and after treatment and peptides from GCF showed a slightly better capacity to discriminate patients before and after treatment. The peptides with m/z values of 1 055.5 in GCF and 1 064.6 in saliva were identified to be segments of serum albumin and complement C3, respectively. Conclusions Several differentially expressed peptides were detected in saliva and GCF by MALDI-TOF MS, exhibiting the potentiality to act as biomarkers in gingivitis patients.

Objective To explore peptidomic changes of peptides in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after treatment of gingivitis. Methods From January 2017 to September 2017, seventeen participants at the age of 24?62 (6 males and 11 females) at Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology with gingivitis were recruited in the present study. Their clinical parameters were measured and recorded. Saliva and GCF samples were collected from each of the participants at the baseline and 7 days after ultrasonic supragingival scaling, respectively. Matrix?assisted laser desorption?ionization time?of?flight mass spectrometry (MALDI?TOF MS) was employed to detect the changes of peptidomic profiles, while ano?liquid chromatography?electrospray ionization?tandem mass spectrometry (nano?LC/ESI?MS/MS) was performed to identify the possible proteins from which the peptides might derive. Results Initially, four peptide peaks [mass?to?charge ratio (m/z) values: 1 030.6, 1 043.4, 1 053.4 and 1 064.6] were screened out exhibiting a decreasing trend after treatment (P<0.05). Besides, five peptide peaks from gingival crevicular fluid (P<0.05) exhibited differential expression, among which 1 055.5 and 1 168.3 demonstrating a decrease after treatment, while 3 363.7, 3 480.9 and 3 489.5 increased overtime. Certain positive correlations were detected between some peptides and clinical parameters. Principle component analysis using the above mentioned peptide peaks showed a distinct distribution before and after treatment and peptides from GCF showed a slightly better capacity to discriminate patients before and after treatment. The peptides with m/z values of 1 055.5 in GCF and 1 064.6 in saliva were identified to be segments of serum albumin and complement C3, respectively. Conclusions Several differentially expressed peptides were detected in saliva and GCF by MALDI?TOF MS, exhibiting the potentiality to act as biomarkers in gingivitis patients.

At present, it has been regarded that oral disease was one of the most prevalent problems for people's general health around the world. Oral disease burden study focuses on the pressure and effect of oral diseases to the whole social economy and people's health. Oral disease burden, as a public health problem, needs to be attached importance in China and foreign countries. By means of retrieving the literature, this review article summarizes the progress of domestic and oversea studies on oral disease burden, analyses the epidemiological burden through the indicators such as the prevalence rate, decayed missing and filled teeth, disability adjusted life years, disability weights, and illustrates the economic burden of oral diseases by using part of the data. Results shows that the oral disease burden is obvious in most countries and regions both in China and foreign countries. The study of oral disease burden in China has not been well developed. Giving priority to dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss, the prevalence of oral diseases in China is high. The rate of seeking dental treatments is low and the proportion of self-supporting treatments is high. In general, the epidemiological and economic burden of oral diseases is heavier in China than that in the rest of the world.

Objective To detect the change of exoression level of plasma microRNA‐21(miR‐21) and TGF‐β1 in cardiac remode‐lin affer acute myocardial infarction(AMI) of the pateins .Methods 200 pateints with AMI and 100 normal controls(age ,sex matched) were enrolled .Blood samples were obtained from the normal controls and patients with AMI on the 3 days ,7 days and 14 days .Real‐time PCR was developed to detect the expression of miR‐21 and TGF‐β1 in plasma .Results The expression of miR‐21 was significantly up‐regulation in the 3 days ,7 days and 14 days in MI group than that cntrol group ,0 .74 ± 0 .21 vs .2 .62 ± 0 .23 , vs .3 .67 ± 0 .25 ,vs .4 .13 ± 0 .27 up‐regulation in the 3 days ,7 days and 14 days in MI group than that cntrol group ,0 .98 ± 0 .18 vs .2 .35 ± 0 .24 ,vs .3 .67 ± 0 .25 ,vs .4 .13 ± 0 .27 ,P<0 .05 ,respectively .The expression of miR‐21 and TGF‐β1 were up‐regulation with the change of cardiac function .Positive relationship between miRNA‐21 expression and LVDd (r=0 .757 ,P<0 .05);Positive relationship between TGF‐β1 mRNA expression and LVDd(r=0 .701 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of miR‐21 and TGF‐β1 were up‐regulation in cardiac remodelin affer AMI of the pateins ,which involved in regulation in cardiac remodelin affer AMI .

Objective To study the effect of pioglitazone(PIO) on AdipoR1 and cholesterol ester(CE) in foam cells derived from THP-1-derived macrophages.Methods THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with increasing concentrations of PIO for 24 hours.After co-cultured with low density lipoprotein(LDL),the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometric method.The lipid peroxide within cells was detected by TBARS method,the foam cells were observed by oil red staining.AdipoR1 levels were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the ox-LDL group (0 μmol/L),oil red O-positive cells of the PIO protective groups were greatly reduced.TC,CE,MDA of the PIO protective groups were also obviously decreased.TC (53.6 ± 1.2) μg/mg,CE (30.2 ± 3.6) μg/mg,MDA (3.42 ± 0.06) μg/mg of 5 μμ mol/L PIO group were lower than those of 0μmol/L PIO group[(98.2 ± 3.5),(65.5 ± 6.5),(8.50 ± 1.21)] μg/mg (P ＜ 0.05).TC (25.6 ± 1.8) μg/mg,CE (22.5 ± 4.5) μg/mg,MDA (1.90 ± 0.42) μg/mg of 50 μmol/L PIO group.TC (16.8 ± 2.2) μg/mg,CE(5.9 ± 1.4) μg/mg,MDA (0.65 ± 0.05) μg/mg of 100μmol/L PIO group.Concomitantly,PIO significantly increased AdipoR1 protein expresion,AdipoR1 of 5μmol/L PIO group(0.06±0.05) was higher than that of 0μmol/L PIO group(0.03 ±0.07).AdipoR1 of 50μmol/L PIO group(0.11 ±0.07) was higher than that of 5μmol/L PIO group (0.06 ± 0.05).AdipoR1 of 100 μmol/L PIO group (0.40 ± 0.05) was obviously higher than that of 50 μ mol/L PIO group (0.11 ± 0.07).Conclusion PIO inhibited THP-1-derived formation by up-regulation the expression of AdipoR1,which may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.