Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disease of the intestine. Intestinal fibrosis represents a severe co mplication and a potential risk factor for malignant transformation. Gentianopsis paludosa is one of the traditional Tibetan medicines commonly used for treating gastrointestinal disorders such as damp-heat diarrhea and dysentery. Its chemical composition is complex， encompassing xanthones， flavonoids， terpenoids， and other bioactive components， and it exhibits properties such as clearing heat， eliminating dampness， and detoxifying. This article reviews the research progress on the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanisms of G. paludosa against UC and associated fibrosis. Findings suggest that its extracts （e.g.， aqueous extract， ethyl acetate extract） and active constituents （e.g.， 1-hydroxy-3，7，8-trimethoxyxanthone， ursolic acid， swertiamarin， luteolin） may inhibit inflammatory cytokines， combat oxidative stress， suppress cell apoptosis， regulate intestinal microbiota and their metabolites， protect the intestinal mucosal barrier， modulate immune responses， and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition， through modulating relevant signaling pathways， such as nuclear factor-kappa B， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）/Bcl-2-associated X protein， and transforming growth factor-β 1 /Smad， thus exerting therapeutic effects against UC and its related fibrosis via these seven aspects.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease. Modern research indicates that immune dysregulation resulting from disruptions in circadian rhythm is closely associated with its pathogenesis. Both Western chronomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）" treatment based on temporal factors" emphasize the temporal relationship between natural rhythms and human physiology and pathology. The " midnight-noon and ebb-flow " theory represents the concrete application and deepening of TCM " treatment based on temporal factors" within the realm of chronomedicine. This article correlates the onset time of ulcerative colitis with specific periods in the " midnight-noon and ebb-flow"theory：the Mao period（05：00-07：00），when the yangming large intestine meridian of hand is dominant； the Si period（09：00-11：00），when the taiyin spleen meridian of foot is dominant； and the You period（17：00-19：00），when the shaoyin kidney meridian of foot is dominant. According to this perspective，if the disease manifests during the Mao period，the pathogenesis is attributed to dampnessheat accumulation and disorder of qi and blood. Treatment should focus on clearing heat，resolving dampness，and harmonizing qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Shaoyao Decoction or Baitouweng Decoction. If it occurs during the Si period，the pathogenesis involves spleen deficiency with dampness obstruction and disharmony of qi and blood. Treatment should focus on strengthening the spleen，eliminating dampness，and restoring qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Huangya Decoction or Shenling Baizhu Powder. If it presents during the You period，the pathogenesis is characterized by fire failing to warm earth，and consumption resulting in qi and blood leakage. Treatment should focus on warming the kidney and spleen，and securing qi and blood，using modified formulas such as Sishen Pill or Tianhun Decoction. In addition to oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine，comprehensive therapies including acupuncture，herbal enemas，and acupoint application can provide novel insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have shown considerable therapeutic potential across diverse fields such as cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases, with numerous candidates already progressing into clinical trials. More recently, their application in antiviral therapy has been rapidly gaining momentum. This review systematically outlines the mechanistic foundations and design principles of PROTACs, highlights recent advances targeting coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and influenza viruses, and critically assesses key challenges—particularly the limited diversity of E3 ligase ligands, suboptimal oral bioavailability, and the lack of integrated platforms for druggability evaluation. Looking ahead, innovations in ligand discovery, pathway modulation, delivery technologies, and conditionally activated PROTAC designs are anticipated to overcome these barriers, ushering in a new era of precise and effective antiviral therapeutics.

Objective:To explore the relationship between peer neglect and cyberbullying perpetration among middle and high school students.Methods:Totally 1 549 adolescents from a middle and a high school in Hebei province were selected.They were assessed twice with the peer neglect sub-scale ofthe Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents and Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire for evaluating peer neglect and cyberbullying behavior at an interval of 7 months(T1 and T2).AMOS 23.0 was used for cross-lagged regression analysis.Results:The scores of peer neglect were(1.9±0.8)in T1 and(2.1±0.8)in T2.The scores of cyberbullying perpetration were(1.3±0.3)in T1 and(1.3±0.4)in T2.Peer neglect scores were positively related to cyberbullying perpetration scores both in T1 and T2(T1,r=0.12,P＜0.01;T2,r=0.14,P＜0.01).T1 cyberbullying perpetration scores were positively related to T2 peer neglect scores(β=0.15,P＜0.01),but the relation between T1 peer neglect scores and T2 cyberbullying perpetration scores was not significant(β=0.01,P＞0.5).Conclusion:It suggests that cyberbullying perpetration may positively predict peer neglect in middle and high school students.

Objective:The transjugular or transfemoral approach is used as a common method for hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement in current practice. This study aims to confirm the safety and effectiveness of measuring HVPG via the forearm venous approach.Methods:Prospective recruitment was conducted for patients with cirrhosis who underwent HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach at six hospitals in China and Japan from September 2020 to December 2020. Patients' clinical baseline information and HVPG measurement data were collected. The right median cubital vein or basilic vein approach for all enrolled patients was selected. The HVPG standard process was used to measure pressure. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were used to represent medians (interquartile ranges), while qualitative data were used to represent frequency and rates. The correlation between two sets of data was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:A total of 43 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, 41 (95.3%) successfully underwent HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach. None of the patients had any serious complications. The median operation time for HVPG detection via forearm vein was 18.0 minutes (12.3~38.8 minutes). This study confirmed that HVPG was positively closely related to Child-Pugh score ( r = 0.47, P = 0.002), albumin-bilirubin score ( r = 0.37, P = 0.001), Lok index ( r = 0.36, P = 0.02), liver stiffness ( r = 0.58, P = 0.01), and spleen stiffness ( r = 0.77, P = 0.01), while negatively correlated with albumin ( r = -0.42, P = 0.006). Conclusion:The results of this multi-centre retrospective study suggest that HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach is safe and feasible.

Yiyi Fuzi Baijiangsan is scattered from the Essentials from the Golden Cabinet （《金匮要略》） for the treatment of intestinal carbuncles. The whole prescription is composed of Coicis Semen， Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata， and Patrinia scabiosifolia， with the effect of invigorating spleen， warming Yang， clearing heat， removing dampness， and detoxification， which is a commonly used prescription for the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis （UC）. UC is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease with lesions involving the colorectal mucosa， and the etiology is not yet very clear， which is mostly related to genetics， external and intestinal environment， immunity， infection， and other factors. Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that Yiyi Fuzi Baijiangsan have the advantages of multi-target and multi-faceted treatment of UC. At present， the research mechanism of the treatment of UC is mainly focused on reducing intestinal inflammatory response， anti-colorectal cancer effect， alleviating oxidative stress， repairing the intestinal epithelial cell barrier， improving intestinal flora disorder， inhibiting apoptosis， maintaining intestinal immune balance， etc. Clinically， the combination of modified Yiyi Fuzi Baijiangsan and western medicine has a satisfactory effect， which can significantly improve the relevant clinical symptoms of patients with UC， delay the condition， and improve the quality of life of patients， with the advantages of high safety and small side effects. Its related research provides theoretical support and data support for the clinical prevention and treatment of UC and the follow-up exploration of the mechanism of Yiyi Fuzi Baijiangsan in the treatment of UC， and is also of great significance to the research on the treatment of UC with Chinese medicine. This paper reviewed the prevention and control mechanism of Yiyi Fuzi Baijiangsan in the treatment of UC.

Enhancing remyelination after injury is of utmost importance for optimizing the recovery of nerve function. While the formation of myelin by Schwann cells (SCs) is critical for the function of the peripheral nervous system, the temporal dynamics and regulatory mechanisms that control the progress of the SC lineage through myelination require further elucidation. Here, using in vitro co-culture models, gene expression profiling of laser capture-microdissected SCs at various stages of myelination, and multilevel bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrated that SCs exhibit three distinct transcriptional characteristics during myelination: the immature, promyelinating, and myelinating states. We showed that suppressor interacting 3a (Sin3A) and 16 other transcription factors and chromatin regulators play important roles in the progress of myelination. Sin3A knockdown in the sciatic nerve or specifically in SCs reduced or delayed the myelination of regenerating axons in a rat crushed sciatic nerve model, while overexpression of Sin3A greatly promoted the remyelination of axons. Further, in vitro experiments revealed that Sin3A silencing inhibited SC migration and differentiation at the promyelination stage and promoted SC proliferation at the immature stage. In addition, SC differentiation and maturation may be regulated by the Sin3A/histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) complex functionally cooperating with Sox10, as demonstrated by rescue assays. Together, these results complement the recent genome and proteome analyses of SCs during peripheral nerve myelin formation. The results also reveal a key role of Sin3A-dependent chromatin organization in promoting myelinogenic programs and SC differentiation to control peripheral myelination and repair. These findings may inform new treatments for enhancing remyelination and nerve regeneration.
Animals ; Axons ; Chromatin/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism* ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology* ; Rats ; Schwann Cells/metabolism* ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries*

Since the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 occurred in December 2019, the reduction of population mobility has curbed the spread of the epidemic to some extent but also prolonged the waiting time for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Based on fully understanding the different staging characteristics of gastric cancer, clinical departments should develop reasonable out-of-hospital management strategies. On one hand, reasonable communication channels should be established to allow patients to receive adequate guidance out of the hospital. On the other hand, shared decisions with patients should be made to adjust treatment strategies, and education on viral prevention should be implemented to minimize the impact of the epidemic on tumor treatment.

Objective:To explore the effects of health education using new media in nursing outside the hospital among colon cancer patients.Methods:From January 2016 to December 2018, this study selected 86 colon cancer patients at Nanyang Central Hospital as subjects by convenience sampling. A total of 43 patients between January 2016 to June 2017 were in control group, and 43 patients from July 2017 to December 2018 were in observation group. Control group carried out health education outside the hospital, while observation group implemented health education using new media outside the hospital for six months. The effects were compared with the knowledge need questionnaire for cancer patients, Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) and the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH) .Results:Six months after discharge, the scores of knowledge need questionnaire of patients in observation group and control group were (41.24±7.64) and (51.94±9.62) respectively ( t=5.712, P<0.01) ; the score of CHBMS of patients in observation group and control group were (118.10±31.53) and (92.20±28.23) respectively ( t=4.013, P<0.01) ; and the score of SUPPH of patients in observation group and control group were (98.37±17.17) and (80.45±17.45) respectively ( t=4.800, P<0.01) ; the differences were all statistical. Conclusions:The application of health education using new media in nursing outside the hospital among colon cancer patients can improve patients' health knowledge need, rebuild the health belief and increase self-management efficacy.

Objective The objective is to probe into the effects of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) on activity and proliferative function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs),which lays a foundation for further study on the effects of AS-Ⅳ on vascular neovascularization mediated by endothelial progenitor cells.Methods The mononuclear cells were isolated by the density gradient centrifugation in umbilical cord blood of full-term healthy infants,and EPCs were obtained by subculture and cell identification when the cells presented spindle shapes.The obtained EPCs were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.In the experimental group,EPCs were cultured by AS-Ⅳ with different concentration gradients (25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L and 400 mg/L),while in the control group,they were treated with the same amount of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solutions.The effects of AS-Ⅳ on the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells was studied by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) cell proliferation experiment,and the activity rate of EPCs cells was measured at the optimum concentration of EPCs proliferation.Results EPCs were successfully obtained after confirming nuclear staining test of CD31 antibody and 4',6-diamidi-no-2-phenylindole (DAPI).Further study showed that AS-Ⅳ can promote the proliferation of EPCs,and its optimal concentration of EPCs proliferation is 100 mg/L.Compared with the normal control group,the activity rate of endothelial progenitor cells after intervention of AS-Ⅳ was 98.7％,higher than 98.12％ in the control group,with significant difference (x2 =49.59,P ＜0.01).Conclusions AS-Ⅳ can enhance the activity of human EPCs and promote their proliferation in vitro.