ObjectiveTo explore the effect of modified Ditan Decoction （涤痰汤） on chronic intermittent hypoxia cognitive function and the potential function mechanism. MethodsTwenty-four Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， and a modified Ditan Decoction group， with eight rats in each group. Rats in the modified Ditan Decoction group were administered the decoction by gavage at 14.8 ml/（kg·d）， while the normal group and the model group received the same dose of normal saline. Thirty minutes after daily gavage， the rats in all three groups were placed in an intermittent hypoxia chamber. The oxygen concentration for the model group and the modified Ditan Decoction group was adjusted daily for 8 hours using a computer program to establish the model， while the normal group was exposed to the same airflow rate of ambient air. The intervention was continued for 12 weeks to establish a chronic intermittent hypoxia rat model. The Y-maze test was used to evaluate spatial working memory in the rats. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （rs-fMRI） was performed to detect whole-brain regional homogeneity （ReHo） and seed-based functional connectivity （FC）. Brain regions showing significant differences in rs-fMRI were selected for further analysis. Immunofluorescence was used to detect β-amyloid （Aβ） deposition and the number of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （IBA1）-positive microglial cells. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the expression of synaptophysin （SYP）， the excitatory synapse marker vesicular glutamate transporter 1 （Vglut1）， and the inhibitory synapse marker vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid transporter （VGAT）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a reduced spontaneous alternation rate in the Y-maze test. The smoothed Z-score standardized regional homogeneity （SzReHo） value in the left entorhinal cortex significantly increased， and the FC value from this seed point to the left basal forebrain significantly reduced. Additionally， the model group exhibited significantly higher Aβ fluorescence intensity and Iba1 positivity in the left entorhinal cortex， decreased expression of SYP， Vglut1， and VGAT， along with an increased Vglut1/VGAT ratio （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the model group， the modified Ditan Decoction group demonstrated an increased spontaneous alternation rate， a significantly reduced SzReHo value in the left entorhinal cortex， and a significantly increased FC value from this region to the left basal forebrain. Furthermore， this group showed significantly lower Aβ fluorescence intensity and Iba1 positivity in the left entorhinal cortex， increased levels of SYP， Vglut1， and VGAT， and a decreased Vglut1/VGAT ratio （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionModified Ditan Decoction can reconstruct the projection from the left basal forebrain to the entorhinal cortex in chronic intermittent hypoxia， thereby reducing Aβ aggregation and excessive microglial activation in the left entorhinal cortex. This process improves the excitation/inhibition imbalance caused by synaptic remodeling， ultimately enhancing cognitive function in rats of chronic intermittent hypoxia.

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on aortic injury in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arteriosclerosis.Methods:APOE -/- mice were injected with norphytane and high fat diet to establish lupus vascular injury model. Then the mice were divided into normal control group (ND group), high fat diet group (HFD group), high fat diet+ SLE vascular injury group (HFD+ SLE group), high fat diet+ SLE vascular injury+ hydroxychloroquine treatment group (HFD+ SLE+ Hydro group), high fat diet+ SLE vascular injury+ EPCs treatment group (HFD+ SLE+ EPCs group). At the end of the experiment, urine, blood and aortic tissues of mice in each group were collected, and the content of urinary protein and the depth of serum type I interferon (IFN-Ⅰ) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthase/interferon gene stimulating factor/type I interferon (cGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ) pathway, the levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion fractions and chemokines in the aorta of mice in each group were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB). The lipid deposition in the aorta was detected by oil red staining. Results:The results of ELISA showed that the levels of urinary protein and serum IFN-Ⅰ in HFD+ SLE group were higher than those in normal control group. EPCs treatment could reduce the levels of urinary protein and serum IFN-Ⅰ in SLE atherosclerotic mice. WB results showed that the expression of CD19, CD68, CD34, chemokine, cGAS, p-STING, phosphorylated TANK binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1), phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3) and IFN-Ⅰ increased in HFD+ SLE group, and hydroxychloroquine and EPCs decreased the levels of these factors. CGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ signal pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in SLE patients; both EPCs and hydroxychloroquine can inhibit the activation of cGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ signal, thus reducing atherosclerosis in SLE mice.Conclusions:cGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ pathway is involved in the development of SLE atherosclerosis. EPCs can inhibit the activation of cGAS/STING signal, reduce the expression and secretion of IFN-Ⅰ, and then reduce vascular inflammation and inhibit the development of SLE-related atherosclerosis.

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on aortic injury in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arteriosclerosis.Methods:APOE -/- mice were injected with norphytane and high fat diet to establish lupus vascular injury model. Then the mice were divided into normal control group (ND group), high fat diet group (HFD group), high fat diet+ SLE vascular injury group (HFD+ SLE group), high fat diet+ SLE vascular injury+ hydroxychloroquine treatment group (HFD+ SLE+ Hydro group), high fat diet+ SLE vascular injury+ EPCs treatment group (HFD+ SLE+ EPCs group). At the end of the experiment, urine, blood and aortic tissues of mice in each group were collected, and the content of urinary protein and the depth of serum type I interferon (IFN-Ⅰ) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthase/interferon gene stimulating factor/type I interferon (cGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ) pathway, the levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion fractions and chemokines in the aorta of mice in each group were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB). The lipid deposition in the aorta was detected by oil red staining. Results:The results of ELISA showed that the levels of urinary protein and serum IFN-Ⅰ in HFD+ SLE group were higher than those in normal control group. EPCs treatment could reduce the levels of urinary protein and serum IFN-Ⅰ in SLE atherosclerotic mice. WB results showed that the expression of CD19, CD68, CD34, chemokine, cGAS, p-STING, phosphorylated TANK binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1), phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3) and IFN-Ⅰ increased in HFD+ SLE group, and hydroxychloroquine and EPCs decreased the levels of these factors. CGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ signal pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in SLE patients; both EPCs and hydroxychloroquine can inhibit the activation of cGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ signal, thus reducing atherosclerosis in SLE mice.Conclusions:cGAS/STING/IFN-Ⅰ pathway is involved in the development of SLE atherosclerosis. EPCs can inhibit the activation of cGAS/STING signal, reduce the expression and secretion of IFN-Ⅰ, and then reduce vascular inflammation and inhibit the development of SLE-related atherosclerosis.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of self-advocacy between posttraumatic growth and social isolation among female breast cancer survivors, so as to provide reference for the establishing nursing intervention strategies for social isolation.Methods:A random samplingsurvey was conducted, a total of 220 female breast cancer survivors from May to December 2021in Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital were recruited by convenience sampling method. They were investigated by the general information questionnaire, General Alienation Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Female Self-advocacy in Cancer Survivorship, respectively.Results:A total of 203 valid questionnaires were collected. The score of posttraumatic growth was (60.91 ± 12.04) points, self-advocacy was (59.56 ± 12.19) points, social isolation was (36.52 ± 7.79) points of female breast cancer survivors. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory scores of each dimension in female breast cancer survivors were positively correlated with the scores of female self-advocacy of each dimension in cancer survivorship ( r values were 0.219-0.686, all P<0.01); each dimension of the General Alienation Scale scores were negatively correlated with the scores of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Female Self-advocacy in Breast Cancer Survivorship ( r values were -0.804 to -0.202, all P<0.01). The posttraumatic growth of female breast cancer survivors affected social alienation through self-advocacy, which showed the mediating effect of self-advocacy accounts for 32.8% of total effect. Conclusions:Self-advocacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between posttraumatic growth and social isolation. Nurses can improve the level of self-advocacy of female breast cancer survivors and promote posttraumatic growth, so as to decrease social isolation.

Objective To construct a scoring system of combination of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for diagnosis of invasive bacterial diarrhea in children. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized children with acute diarrhea were retrospectively analyzed. All of the children were divided into two groups, invasive bacterial diarrhea group and nonbacterial diarrhea group. The scoring system of combination of two markers for diagnosis of invasive bacterial diarrhea in children was constructed by means of two categories logistic regression analysis using procalcitonin and C- reactive protein as parameters. In addition,receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.Results One hundred ten cases of invasive bacterial diarrhea and 108 cases of nonbacterial diarrhea were included. The levels of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in invasive bacterial diarrhea group were significantly higher than those in nonbacterial diarrhea group, and there were statistical difference(P all<0.05).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of invasive bacterial diarrhea was 0.894 when the established scoring system was used, which was higher than the AUCs when either serum procalcitonin or in C- reactive protein was used (P<0.05). The best diagnostic boundary value for combination of serum procalcitonin and C- reactive protein scoring was 0.52 with a sensitivity at 80.9% and specificity at 88.9%. Conclusions The scoring system of combination of procalcitonin and C- reactive protein has good accuracy in diagnosis of invasive bacterial diarrhea in children, and can assist the early diagnosis of the disease.

Objective:To investigate the effects of TGF-β1 on T lymphocytes of BALB/c mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus( E.granulosus ) in vitro.Methods: The inhibitor group:the spleen cells of BALB/c mouse were co-cultured with E.granulosus and SB525334.The control group:the spleen cells of BALB/c mouse were co-cultured with E.granulosus and PBS.The blank group:the spleen cells of BALB/c mouse were co-cultured with RPMI-1640 medium and SB525334.The lymphocytes were collected at 48 h post-infection.The T lymphocyte subsets, the number of CD4+CD25+T cells, the number of NK cells, and the expression of NKG2D receptor were detected by flow cytometry.The NK cell activity was determined with the lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay(LDH).Results:The inhibition the TGF-β1 receptors resulted in the increase of in the number of CD4+T cells,the decrease in the number of CD8+T cells,the increase of in the ratio CD4+/CD8+T cells,the decrease of in the number of CD4+CD25+T cells,the increase in the expression of the NKG2D receptors,the increase in the lysis rate of Yac-1 cells by NK cells,and a positive cor-relation between the expression of activity receptor NKG2D and killing activity of NK, which were mediated by E.granulosus.Conclusion: The inhibition of TGF-β1 receptors can enhance the immune response of T lymphocytes against E.granulosus infection in vitro.

Objective:To understand the expression levels of Tim-3,a new proinflammatory factor in the early stages of Echinococcus granulosus infection in mice.Methods: BALB/c mice were infected with E.granulosus.Peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells were collected at 1,5,9 and 13 days post-infection.At different time points ,the levels of Tim-3 in peritoneal macrophages and spleen CD3+lymphocyte subsets were detected by FCM , and the relative expression of TLR 4 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR.Results:There was no significant difference in the expression levels of Tim-3 of CD3+spleen lymphocyte subsets between E.granulosus group and control group (P>0.05).The expression levels of Tim-3 of spleen macrophages (9,13 days) and peritoneal macrophage (5,9,13 days) were much higher in E.granulosus infected group than those in control group with statistical significance (P<0.05).The numbers of macrophages were no change.Compared with control groups,the relative expression of TLR4 mRNA at 1 day post-infection was statistically higher in E.granulosus infected group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion:During early stage of E.granulosus infection in mice,the levels of Tim-3 expression are upregulated,while the expression of TLR4 are downregulated,which may inhibit the function of macrophages resulting in host-immunity-defensive-system inhibition and immune tolerance of E.granulosus to host.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of acupoint application combined with Daqinglong Decoction (DD) for children asthma with the syndrome of exterior cold and interior heat. Methods One hundred and five children with mild and moderate persistent asthma were evenly randomized into combination group, DD group and Montelukast group. The three groups were separately given acupoint application combined with oral use of DD, oral use of DD, oral use of Montelukast, respectively. The treatment for the three groups lasted for 12 weeks. The scores of traditional Chinese medical syndromes in the three groups were recorded before and after treatment. The control of asthmatic symptoms, acute asthmatic attack frequency, and the course of disease were evaluated at the end of follow-up week 12. Results (1) At the end of treatment week 4 and 16, the syndrome scores were obviously decreased in the three groups (P<0.05 compared with those before treatment). At the end of treatment week 4, the decrease of syndrome scores in the combination group was superior to that in DD group (P<0.05), but did not differ from that in Montelukast group (P>0.05) . At the end of follow-up week 12, the decrease of syndrome scores in the combination group was superior to that in DD group and Montelukast group (P<0.05). (2) The effect of the combination group on controlling the asthmatic symptoms was superior to that of the other two groups ( P<0.01). ( 3) The combination group had lower acute asthmatic attack frequency and shorter disease course than DD group and Montelukast group ( P<0.01). Conclusion Acupoint application combined with oral use of Daqinglong Decoction is effective for children asthma with the syndrome of exterior cold and interior heat by relieving symptoms, enhancing the control of asthma, reducing acute asthmatic attack frequency and shortening disease course.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the change in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) value and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) level in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and their relationship. METHODS: ABPM and casual blood pressure(CBP) were tested in 114 children with PNS and 12 normal children as a control group. The 24-h urine noradrenaline(NA), adrenaline(A) and dopamine(DA) content were detected through high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical luminescence and the correlation with ABP was analyzed. RESULTS: Among 114 children with PNS, 101 had elevated blood pressure (88.6%), 45 showed high incidence of masked hypertension (39.5%), and 80 non-dipper blood pressure (70.2%). Systolic blood pressure level and blood pressure load were greater than diastolic blood pressure. NA, A, and DA levels of the PNS group were significantly higher than those of the control group, while those of the elevated blood pressure group were significantly higher than those of the normal blood pressure group in PNS children. SNS levels were positively correlated with blood pressure levels and blood pressure load, and negatively correlated with night BP decreasing rates. CONCLUSION Children with PNS have high incidence of hypertension with large proportion of masked hypertension and non-dipper blood pressure. Severe masked hypertension classification should be set up. In PNS children, SNS activity is elevated that might evaluate the blood pressure level and decrease blood pressure circadian rhythm.
Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; complications ; physiopathology ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

The Y118A、Y118F、Y118T、S378A、S378T、H310A、H310R mutants of Candida albicans sterol 14?-demethylase (CACYP51) were constructed and heterologously expressed in D12667, the reconstructed strain with the deletion of CYP51 gene of the Y12667. With the strains obtained and microsome enzymes separated, the western blot and the ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry were used to qualitative and quantitative detect the expressed protein, the GC-MS was used to detect the metabolism activity of the protein. The results showed that, the target protein expressed successfully in the reconstructed strains, with the expression level up to 25% of the total microsome proteins. The results also showed that, the wild type protein had the catalytic activity to its nature substrate. While after alteration the wild gene with Y118A、Y118F、Y118T、S378A、S378T、H310A、H310R by a single base substitution, the catalytic activity of protein markedly decreased respectively. So the wild type and mutation CYP51 were expressed successfully in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the expression products preserved the activity to metabolism their nature substrate.