Aim To investigate the dynamic changes of neuronal cells at different time points following acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by establishing a model of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were ran-domly divided into six groups:sham group and cere-bral ischemia-reperfusion injury(IR)groups at differ-ent time points.Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established using the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)technique.The Longa sco-ring method was used to assess neurobehavioral scores in rats.After successful model preparation,routine paraffin sections were made,and TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry staining with NeuN antibody were performed to observe cell apoptosis and neuronal cell survival,respectively.Immunohistochemistry stai-ning was also performed to investigate the changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)as a marker for astrocytes,ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBA-1)as a marker for microglia,and CD31 as a marker for endothelial cells at different time points.Results No significant changes were observed in neu-ronal cells of the sham group at different time points.In the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury groups,cell apoptosis was activated at IR3h and increased in quan-tity with morphological damage as time progressed.Ne-uN+neurons showed signs of ischemic injury after IR3h,with abnormal cell morphology.From 12 h,Ne-uN+neurons decreased in a time-dependent manner and reached their peak severity at 24 h.GFAP+astro-cytes decreased significantly after IR3h,while poorly labeled GFAP+astrocytes increased at IR 6 h and al-most disappeared in the infarcted area at 24 h and 48 h.The number of IBA-1+microglia-positive cells de-creased at IR3h,and their volume increased at IR6h.Microglial cell death was observed in the infarcted area at IR12h.CD31+endothelial cells around the infarc-ted cortex and striatum increased significantly after IR3h and persisted until 48 h.Conclusions After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,the number of ap-optotic cells increases with the prolongation of time,and NeuN+neurons exhibit the most severe damage at 24 h.GFAP+astrocytes and microglial cells gradually die over time.The number of CD31+endothelial cells increases significantly around the infarcted cortex and striatum after 3 h of reperfusion and persists until 48 h.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Guso-ngYigu decoction(GSYG)in the treatment of postm-enopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)based on the gut mi-crobiota.Methods Sixty SPF grade SD rats were ran-domly divided into Control group(Control),Model group(Model),GSYG low-dose group(GSYG-L,1.25 g·kg-1),medium-dose group(GSYG-M,2.5 g·kg-1)and high-dose group(GSYG-H,5 g·kg-1)and alendronate group(Al,0.89 mg·kg-1),with 10 rats in each group.The changes of bone histomorpholo-gy were detected by HE staining and the changes of fe-mur tissue structure were observed by micro-CT.The fecal samples from the colon of Control group,Model group,GSYG-H group were taken to extract the DNA of fecal samples.The Illumina Miseq platform was used to carry out high-throughput sequencing.Results Compared with the Control group,bone trabecula in the Model group was sparse,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N and BMD decreased(P＜0.01),while SMI and Tb.Sp increased(P＜0.01);compared with the Model group,the number of bone trabeculae in GSYG-L,GSYG-M,GSYG-H group and Al group increased,the bone microstructure was improved,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N and BMD increased significantly(P＜0.05),and SMI and Tb.Sp increased(P＜0.05).Sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that,compared with the Control group,the gut microbiota diversity of Mod-el group decreased,the flora abundance of Firmicutes decreased,while the Bacteroidetes abundance in-creased.Compared with the Model group,the Firmi-cutes abundance increased and Bacteroidetes abundance decreased in GSYG-H group.Conclusions GSYG can improve bone microstructure and increase bone mineral density,and its mechanism may be related to increasing the diversity of gut microbiota and regulating the structure of gut microbiota.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the genomic characteristics of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) strains circulating in Jilin province from 2010 to 2023.Methods:Vesicle fluid from 78 sporadic cases with VZV infection were collected in Jilin province from 2010 to 2023, after detecting by Real-time PCR, 26 specimens (CT<25) were detected by PCR. Open reading frame 22(ORF22), ORF38 and ORF62 were amplified and analyzed. Genotyping was confirmed by SNPs ORF22 (37902, 38019, 38055, 38081 and 38177) and ORF38 (69424). Vaccine strains were indentified from wild-type strains according to ORF38 (69349) and ORF62 (106262, 107252, and 108111). Sequences were analyzed by homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis.Results:The comparison with Dumas sequence revealed that SNPs (37902, 38055, 38081 and 38177) in ORF22 and ORF38 (69424) have mutations similar to the pOka strain, which belong to clade 2. Compared to the Dumas and Baike strains, all 26 samples were wild-type strains. JL2016-4 strain changes from threonine to asparaginyl at position 38059, JL2021-4 strain changes from arginine to proline at position 37933, from aspartic acid to tyrosine at position 37935, and from aspartic acid at base 38031 to tyrosine. JL2023-1 strain changes from arginine to leucine at position 37933.Conclusions:VZV has been prevalent for 14 years in Jilin province. The main epidemic strains belong to the clade 2. We should strengthen the monitoring of VZV outbreaks and raise the coverage rate of VZV vaccination.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of thalassemia gene types in children in Liuzhou,Guangxi.Methods:A total of 822 children suspected thalassemia aged from 1 day to 14 years who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to April 2022 were collected.Gap-PCR and PCR combined with reverse dot blot hybridization were used to detect α-and β-thalassemia genes.Results:Among 822 children,561 thalassemia carriers were detected,with a detection rate of 68.25％.Among them,303 cases were detected with α-thalassemia,and the most common genotype was--SEA/αα(163 cases),followed by-α3.7/αα(37 cases)and αcsα/αα(26 cases),44 cases with HbH disease.240 cases were detected with β-thalassemia,with a detection rate of 29.20％,and the most common genotype was βCD41-42/β N(112 cases),followed by βCD17/βN(75 cases)and βIVS-Ⅱ-654/β N(11 cases),11 cases with moderate to severe β-thalassemia.18 cases were detected with α β-thalassemia,with a detection rate of 2.19％,and--SEA/αα complex βCD41-42/βN was the most common genotype(4 cases).In Zhuang and Han populations,the detection ratio of-α3.7α/αα in α-thalassemia was the same(both 12.50％).While,the other main types such as--SEA/αα,αCSα/αα and-α4.2α/αα had certain differences.In β-thalassemia,CD41-42 and CD17 were the main genotypes detected in Han and Zhuang.Conclusion:In Liuzhou of Guangxi autonomous region,α-thalassemia is the main type in children,with a detection rate of 68.25％,and--SEA/αα is the most common genotype in mild thalassemia,followed by βCD41-42/βN.The detection rate of moderate to severe α-and β-thalassemia is relatively high.There are certain differences in the distribution of thalassemia among different ethnic groups.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS-PD).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on data of 16 patients who underwent EUS-PD because of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) failure, poor effectiveness or anatomical changes and couldn't undergo the routine ERP in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from June 2018 to July 2022. The technical success of EUS-PD, clinical efficacy and post-procedure adverse events were analyzed.Results:In the 16 patients, there were 14 males and 2 females, with age of 50.69±12.95 years. A total of 19 times of EUS-PD operations were included, 3 of them were rendezvous-assisted endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (RV-ERP), 15 transgastric or transenteric EUS-guided stent placement and 1 was EUS-guided nasopancreatic duct placement. Technical success was achieved in 84.21% (16/19) patients, and among whom 93.75% (15/16) achieved clinical success. The overall incidence of postoperative adverse events was 52.63% (10/19) including 47.37% (9/19) abdominal pain, 15.79% (3/19) fever and 15.79% (3/19) postoperative pancreatitis. All adverse effects were relieved after general conservative treatment and no primary disease or surgery-related death occurred. The mean follow-up was 17.6 (8.2,22.3) months and 93.75% (15/16) of the patients were followed up. By the time of follow-up, 76.92% (10/13) of the patients who had successfully received EUS-PD had no recurrence of abdominal pain or distension.Conclusion:EUS-PD is a safe and effective alternative therapy for those with pancreatic diseases with ERP failure, poor efficacy or anatomical changes.

Aim In this study, a mouse model of psoriasis-like lesions induced by 62. 5 mg imiquimod was used to explore the effect and mechanism of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination for the topical treatment of psoriasis. Methods Firstly, the topical administration of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination for treating psoriasis in progressive and recurrent stages was evaluated by psoriatic mouse model and HE staining. Secondly, immunohistochemistry was used to study the regulatory effects of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination on the pivotal pathological mechanism of psoriasis-the positive feedback loop between the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and skin immune microenvironment. Finally, metabolomics technology was used to explore whether Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination topically treat psoriasis by regulating inflammation-related metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. Results The combination of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae alleviated psoriasis-like lesions in mice. It effectively relieved the recurrence after the cure of psoriatic lesions in mice, and the efficacy is comparable to that of benweimod. The combination of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae inhibited the proliferation of mouse epidermal keratinocytes and reduced the number of T cells in the skin. The potential molecular mechanism was that the combination of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae regulated arachidonic acid metabolism, sphin- golipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. Conclusions The combination of Sophora Flavescens Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae can relieve psoriasis-like lesions in mice by inhibiting the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and reducing the number of T cells in the skin and regulating metabolism to intervene psoriasis recurrence. This study provides a potential topical drug of psoriasis for relieving psoriasis recurrence.

ObjectiveTo study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Pinellia ternata germplasm resources and provide the basis for germplasm identification， variety breeding， and resource conservation. MethodIn this study， 27 P. ternata were used as experimental materials to determine seven phenotypic characters， such as plant height， leaf length， and leaf width. Simple sequence repeats （SSR） primers were designed based on P. ternata transcriptome data， and polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification was performed on 27 P. ternata samples. The genetic diversity of P. ternata germplasm was analyzed by POPGENE32， PowerMarker V3.25， and NTSYS-PC 2.10e software. ResultA total of 10 pairs of highly polymorphic primers （PIC>0.5） and four pairs of moderately polymorphic primers （0.25

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its chronic complications are the main causes of disability and death in diabetic patients.Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of significant curative effect and low recurrence rate.In recent years,the basic research on the treatment of T2DM with traditional Chinese medicine has made significant progress,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signal pathway by traditional Chinese medicine.This paper expounds the relationship between JAK/STAT signaling pathway and T2DM,and summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine extract and compound prescription in the intervention of T2DM by regulating this signaling pathway,in order to provide references for the clinical application of T2DM therapeutics and the development of new drugs.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in SiO2-induced cardiac injury using a mouse model. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally instilled with SiO2 to create a silicosis model.Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and deferoxamine(DFO)were used to suppress ferroptosis.Serum biomarkers,oxidative stress markers,histopathology,iron content,and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins were assessed. Results SiO2 altered serum cardiac injury biomarkers,oxidative stress,iron accumulation,and ferroptosis markers in myocardial tissue.Fer-1 and DFO reduced lipid peroxidation and iron overload,and alleviated SiO2-induced mitochondrial damage and myocardial injury.SiO2 inhibited Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and its downstream antioxidant genes,while Fer-1 more potently reactivated Nrf2 compared to DFO. Conclusion Iron overload-induced ferroptosis contributes to SiO2-induced cardiac injury.Targeting ferroptosis by reducing iron accumulation or inhibiting lipid peroxidation protects against SiO2 cardiotoxicity,potentially via modulation of the Nrf2 pathway.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM).Methods:Data of 40 pediatric patients under 14 with PBM diagnosed and treated by ERCP at Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from November 2012 to September 2022 were collected. PBM types, ERCP-related diagnosis and treatment, adverse events and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Nineteen cases were P-B type (joining of common bile duct with pancreatic duct), 17 were B-P type (joining of pancreatic duct with common bile duct), and 4 were complex type. Forty children with PBM underwent 50 ERCP-related operations, among which 48 procedures succeeded. One case failed during cannulation of ERCP, replaced by rendezvous-assisted endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (RV-ERP) afterwards. There were no serious postoperative adverse events such as bleeding, perforation or death. Thirty-four patients (85%) were followed up successfully, among which 14 underwent further surgery and 20 continued conservative treatment.Conclusion:ERCP is the golden standard to diagnose pediatric PBM, and it is also safe and effective treatment for PBM.