This study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of 4'-O-methylbavachalcone(MeBavaC), an active compound from Psoraleae Fructus, in regulating white matter neuroinflammation to improve vascular cognitive impairment. Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, model group, high-dose MeBavaC group(14 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-dose MeBavaC group(7 mg·kg~(-1)). The rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion(CCH) was established using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of the rats. Luxol fast blue staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of the white matter myelin sheaths, axon integrity, the morphology and number of hippocampal neurons, and the loss and activation of glial cells in the white matter. Transcriptome analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanisms of white matter injury induced by CCH. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) assays were conducted to measure the expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), absent in melanoma 2(AIM2), gasdermin D(GSDMD), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1(caspase-1), interleukin-18(IL-18), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), erythropoietin(EPO), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the white matter of rats. The results showed that compared with the model group, MeBavaC significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of rats with CCH, improved the damage of white matter myelin sheath, maintained axonal integrity, reduced the loss of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes in the white matter, inhibited the activation of microglia and the proliferation of astrocytes in the white matter, and suppressed the NLRP3/AIM2/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly reduced, while EPO expression and the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway were notably elevated. In conclusion, MeBavaC can alleviate cognitive impairment in rats with CCH and suppress neuroinflammation in cerebral white matter. The mechanism of action may involve activation of EPO activity, promotion of endogenous antioxidant pathways, and inhibition of neuroinflammation in the white matter. This study suggests that MeBavaC exhibits antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, showing potential application in improving cognitive dysfunction.
Animals ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; Rats ; Chalcones/administration & dosage* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism* ; Humans ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/genetics*

OBJECTIVES: To explore the mediating role of sleep duration in the relationship between depression symptoms and myopia among middle school students. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional research conducted using a stratified cluster random sampling method. A total of 1 728 middle school students were selected from two junior high schools and two senior high schools in certain urban areas and farms of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Questionnaire surveys and vision tests were conducted among the students. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between depression symptoms, sleep duration, and myopia. The Bootstrap method was employed to investigate the mediating effect of sleep duration between depression symptoms and myopia. RESULTS: The prevalence of myopia in the overall population was 74.02% (1 279/1 728), with an average sleep duration of (7.6±1.0) hours. The rate of insufficient sleep was 83.62% (1 445/1 728), and the proportion of students exhibiting depression symptoms was 25.29% (437/1 728). Correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations between visual acuity in both eyes and sleep duration with depressive emotions as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (with correlation coefficients of -0.064, -0.084, and -0.199 respectively; P<0.01), as well as with somatic symptoms and activities (with correlation coefficients of -0.104, -0.124, and -0.233 respectively; P<0.01) and interpersonal relationships (with correlation coefficients of -0.052, -0.059, and -0.071 respectively; P<0.05). The correlation coefficients for left and right eye visual acuity and sleep duration were 0.206 and 0.211 respectively (P<0.001). Sleep duration exhibited a mediating effect between depression symptoms and myopia (indirect effect=0.056, 95%CI: 0.029-0.088), with the mediating effect value for females (indirect effect=0.066, 95%CI: 0.024-0.119) being higher than that for males (indirect effect=0.042, 95%CI: 0.011-0.081). CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration serves as a partial mediator between depression symptoms and myopia in middle school students.
Humans ; Myopia/etiology* ; Male ; Female ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Sleep ; Adolescent ; Students ; Child ; Time Factors ; Sleep Duration

BACKGROUND: Children's respiratory health demonstrates particular sensitivity to air pollution. Existing evidence investigating the association between short-term ozone (O₃) exposure and childhood pneumonia remains insufficient and inconsistent, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHOD: To provide more reliable and persuasive evidence, we implemented a multi-city, time-stratified case-crossover design with a large sample size, using data from seven representative children's hospitals across major geographical regions in China. To avoid the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, individual-level medical records of inpatient children under 6 years of age diagnosed with pneumonia during 2016-2019 were collected. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted for each city, and city-specific estimates were pooled through a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. RESULTS: In total, the study included 137,470 pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions. The highest pooled estimate for O₃ occurred at lag0-1, with a 10 µg/m³ increase in O₃ associated with a 1.57% (95% CI: 0.67%-2.48%) higher risk of pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions. Stratified analyses indicated that the effects of O₃ were robust across different sexes, age groups, and admission seasons. We also observed a statistically significant increase in risk associated with O₃ concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines (WHO-AQGs). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a significant positive association between O₃ and pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions. Our findings substantially strengthen the evidence base for the adverse health impacts of O₃, underscoring the importance of O₃ pollution control and management in reducing the public health burden of pediatric pneumonia.
Humans ; Ozone/analysis* ; China/epidemiology* ; Pneumonia/chemically induced* ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Cross-Over Studies ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data* ; Child ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Infant, Newborn ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects*

This article summarizes the domestic and international research progress of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone(rFSH).According to relevant guidelines and application cases,the general requirements and common problems for non-clinical evaluation of rFSH are summarized.The clinical development prospects of long-acting rFSH products which is a hot research topic in recent years are analyzed and corresponding suggestions are given in order to provide reference for related work.

The breakage pattern of unit particles during the production of oral solid dosage forms (OSD) is closely related to the quality of intermediate or final products. To accurately characterize the particles and study the evolution law of particle breakage, the Bonding model of the discrete element method (DEM) was used to investigate the breakage patterns of model parameters, particle shape and process conditions (loading mode and loading rate) on the dynamic breakage, force-time curve, breakage rate, maximum breakage size ratio and fracture strength of particles. The results showed that the particle breakage force was positively correlated with normal strength and bonded disk scale, negatively correlated with normal stiffness per unit area and tangential stiffness per unit area, and weakly correlated with tangential strength. The particle breakage rate was negatively correlated with the aspect ratio of the particles, and the maximum breakage size ratio was positively correlated with the aspect ratio of the particles; among the three loading modes, the breakage rate of compression breakage model was the largest, the breakage rate of shear breakage model was the second largest, and the breakage rate of wear breakage model was the smallest; the maximum breakage size ratio was positively correlated with the loading rate, the loading mode and the loading rate had no mutual influence on particle breakage rate, but had mutual influence on the maximum breakage size ratio. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the shift of OSD from batch manufacturing to advanced manufacturing.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and effect of applying spherical fitting technology in CT three-dimensional reconstruction in preoperative planning of the resection range of Cam-type femoral acetabular impingement (FAI).Methods:46 Cam-type FAI patients who underwent arthroscopic femoroplasty in the Department of Sports Medicine in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from July 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled in the spherical fitting group, including 26 females and 20 males, with an average age of 38.4±15.2 years (range of 24-53 years). The preoperative planning was performed using spherical fitting technology in CT three-dimensional reconstruction. Another 42 Cam-type FAI patients who underwent arthroscopic femoroplasty from July 2018 to June 2020 were enrolled in the observation group, including 25 females and 17 males, with an average age of 43.6±18.4 years (range 24-61 years). The preoperative planning was performed using CT three-dimensional reconstruction observation method. This study evaluated the impact of femoroplasty planned by spherical fitting technique on patients' prognosis though comparing the differences of postoperative α angle, femoral head-neck offset ratio, modified Harris hip score (mHHS), and visual analog score (VAS) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months between two groups.Results:The average follow-up time was 11.8±0.6 months in spherical fitting group and 11.3±0.8 months in observation group. There was no significant difference regarding α angle, femoral head-neck offset ratio, mHHS, and VAS between two groups preoperatively ( P>0.05). The mHHS in two groups increased gradually, while VAS decreased sequentially at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. The postoperative mHHS and VAS were significantly better than those before surgery ( P<0.05). The mHHS was 83.2±14.8 vs. 70.5±11.2 in spherical fitting group and observation group at the followup of 9 months with significant difference ( t=4.471, P=0.007). It was 85.7±13.3 vs. 73.2±12.5 at the followup of 12 months with significant difference ( t=4.596, P=0.008). No significant difference was found in α angle, femoral head-neck offset ratio or mHHS at 3 and 6 months postoperatively ( P>0.05), and no significant difference was found in VAS at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively between two groups. Conclusion:The spherical fitting technology in CT three-dimensional reconstruction could assist surgeons with planning of the resection range of Cam deformity preoperatively, and achieve a smooth progress of arthroscopic femoroplasty intraoperatively; after short term follow-up, we found that patients who underwent femoroplasty using this technology achieved satisfactory outcomes.

ObjectiveTo screen out the transcriptomes related to the intervention of Wuzi Yanzongwan on the spermatogenic function of semi-castrated male mice， and to explore its potential mechanism in the intervention of the progress of low spermatogenic function. MethodBalb/c mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group， model group， testosterone propionate group（0.2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， intramuscular injection） and Wuzi Yanzongwan group（1.56 g·kg^-1·d^-1， intragastric administration） according to body weight， with 12 mice in each group. The right testicle and epididymis were extracted from the model group and the drug administration group to construct the semi-castrated model of low spermatogenic function， while the fur and the right scrotum of the sham-operated group were only cut and immediately sterilized and sutured. At the end of the intervention， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the histopathology of testis， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of serum testosterone（T）， luteinizing hormone（LH） and follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）. The sperm count and motility of epididymis were measured by automatic sperm detector of small animal. Transcriptomic microarray technology was used to detect the mRNA expression level of testicular tissue in each group， the transcriptome of genes related to the regulation of Wuzi Yanzongwan was screened， and three mRNAs were selected for Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） to verify the transcriptome data. Through the annotation analysis of Gene Ontology（GO） and the signaling pathway analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， the related functions of drugs regulating transcriptome were analyzed. ResultCompared with the sham-operated group， the testicular tissue of mice in the model group showed spermatogenic injury， contraction and vacuolization of the seminiferous tubules， reduction of spermatogenic cells at all levels， widening of the interstitial space， obstruction of spermatogonial cell development and other morphological abnormalities， and serum T significantly decreased， LH significantly increased（P<0.01）， and FSH elevated but no statistically significant difference， the count and vitality of epididymal sperm significantly decreased（P<0.01）. There were 882 differentially expressed mRNAs in the testicular tissues， of which 565 were up-regulated and 317 were down-regulated. Cluster analysis showed that these differentially expressed mRNA could effectively distinguish between the sham-operated group and the model group. Compared with the model group， the damage to testicular tissue in the Wuzi Yanzongwan group was reduced， the structure of the seminiferous tubules was intact， vacuolization was reduced， and the number of spermatogenic cells at all levels was significantly increased and arranged tightly. The serum T significantly increased， LH significantly decreased（P<0.01）， and FSH decreased but the difference was not statistically significant. The count and vitality of sperm in the epididymis were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Moreover， Wuzi Yanzongwan could regulate 159 mRNA levels in the testes of semi-castrated mice， of which 32 were up-regulated and 127 were down-regulated， and the data of the transcriptome assay was verified to be reliable by Real-time PCR. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the transcriptome functions regulated by Wuzi Yanzongwan were involved in the whole cell cycle process of sperm development such as sex hormone production of interstitial cells in testis， renewal， differentiation， metabolism， apoptosis and signal transduction of spermatogenic cells， and were closely related to the biological behaviors of signaling pathways such as spermatogenic stem cell function， endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and metabolic program. ConclusionWuzi Yanzongwan can effectively improve the low spermatogenic function of semi-castrated male mice， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of testicular transcriptional regulatory network， the synthesis of sex hormones in testicular interstitial cells， the function of spermatogenic stem cells， the whole cell cycle process of spermatogenesis， as well as the expression of endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and metabolic program related genes transcription.

Objective:To discuss the anti-fatigue effect of Wujia Shengmai Yin,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Thirty-six male ICR mice were randomly devided into control group(equivalent volume of distilled water),Shengmai Yin group(500 mg·kg?1 of Shengmai Yin),and Wujia Shengmai Yin group(600 mg·kg?1 of Wujia Shengmai Yin).The body weights of the mice in various groups were detected every 7 d,and the mental states were observed.The rotating rod test and exhaustive swimming test were used to detect the duration on the rod and the swimming time to exhaustion of the mice in various groups,respectively;the levels of urea nitrogen(BUN)and lactate(LA),and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in serum,the levels of liver glycogen(LG),muscle glycogen(MG),and malondialdehyde(MDA),and activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in muscle tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by kits;the expression levels of glucose metabolism-related proteins in liver tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by Western blotting method.Results:Compared with before experiment,the body weights after experiment of the mice in various groups showed a increasing trend but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The rotating rod test results showed that compared with control group,the duration on the rod of the mice in Wujia Shengmai Yin group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The exhaustive swimming test results showed that compared with control group,the swimming time to exhaustion of the mice in Shengmai Yin group and Wujia Shengmai Yin group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the levels of BUN in serum of the mice in Shengmai Yin group and Wujia Shengmai Yin group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the activities of LDH were significantly increased(P<0.01);the level of LA of the mice in Wujia Shengmai Yin group was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with Shengmai Yin group,the levels of BUN and LA in the serum and LDH activity of the mice in Wujia Shengmai Yin group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the levels of LG in liver tissue and the levels of MG in muscle tissue of the mice in Shengmai Yin group and Wujia Shengmai Yin group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with Shengmai Yin group,the level of LG in liver tissue and the level of MG in muscle tissue of the mice in Wujia Shengmai Yin group were increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in muscle tissue of the mice in Shengmai Yin group and Wujia Shengmai Yin group were significantly increased,and the levels of MDA in Shengmai Yin group and Wujia Shengmai Yin group was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with Shengmai Yin group,the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in muscle tissue of the mice in Wujia Shengmai Yin group were significantly increased and the level of MDA was decreased(P<0.01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p-PI3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT),phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(p-GSK3β),and glycogen synthase(GS)proteins in liver tissue of the mice in Shengmai Yin group and Wujia Shengmai Yin group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with Shengmai Yin group,the expression levels of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-GSK3β,and GS proteins in liver tissue of the mice in Wujia Shengmai Yin group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Wujia Shengmai Yin enhances the anti-fatigue effect by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK3β)signaling pathways,and improves the body's antioxidant capacity,and increases the glycogen synthesis.

With the aging population in China,health issues among the elderly are becoming increasingly prominent,leading to a rapidly growing demand for health interventions for the elderly.Exergames are one of the important emerging methods in the field of health interventions for the elderly,widely used and yielding positive results.While research on exergames is well-established abroad,it is still in its infancy in China,lacking reports on the types,interaction forms,intervention content,application status,and effectiveness of exergames.Exergames are suitable for widespread use among the elderly in China,and there is a need to accelerate the development and application of exergames in the field of health interventions for the elderly in China.