OBJECTIVE To screen the primary processing methods of Ligusticum sinense slice based on differential metabolites， and provide theoretical basis for the scientific processing of L. sinense. METHODS Using 13 groups of L. sinense slice processed by fresh-cutting or traditional methods as samples， UHPLC-QE-MS was employed for metabolite identification. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to screen differential metabolites among the 13 sample groups， analyzing the effects of washing， soaking， drying methods， and drying cycles on both the relative expressions of differential metabolites and the contents of carboxylic acids and their derivatives in the samples （to reflect the total amino acid content）. RESULTS Principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis both showed significant intergroup differences among the 13 sample groups. A total of 688 differential metabolites were screened from the 13 sample groups， with carboxylic acids and their derivatives showing the highest proportion. The relative expression levels of phosphatidylcholine significantly increased after washing treatment， while tryptophan expression significantly decreased after soaking treatment. Samples dried at 50-60 ℃ showed significantly increased expression of psoralen， whereas those dried at 40 ℃ showed significantly decreased expression of methyl -p- methoxycinnamate. Both washing and soaking treatments significantly reduced the total amino acid content in samples， while secondary drying significantly increased it. The three controlled-temperature drying methods maintained relatively stable total content of amino acids in samples. CONCLUSIONS The optimal processing protocol for L. sinense slice is as follows: fresh L. sinense slice should be freshly cut at the production site， undergo quick washing after soil removal， and be dried twice at 40 ℃ （before and after slicing）.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

The modernisation of Chinese-style all-round and full-cycle health service system is an important guarantee to meet the growing health needs of the residents,and it is also a necessary way to promote the construction of a healthy China and achieve universal health coverage.Through literature and logical analysis and other research methods,on the basis of analysing the connotation and characteristics of the modernisation of the Chinese-style comprehensive and full-cycle health service system,the following optimisation progression is proposed:(1)policy leadership-constructing a comprehensive policy system and building a solid health cornerstone;(2)science and technology empowerment-strengthening the application of scientific and technological innovation to drive the development of health;(3)service upgrading-improving the quality of the service process to optimize the health experience;(4)conceptual innovation-changing the traditional concept of health and improving health literacy.

L-asparaginase (L-ASN) is widely applied in the treatment of malignant tumor and low-acrylamide food production, however, the low expression level hampers its application. Heterologous expression is an effective strategy to increase the expression level of target enzymes, and Bacillus is generally used as the host for efficient production of enzymes. In this study, the expression level of L-asparaginase in Bacillus was enhanced through optimization of expression element and host. Firstly, five signal peptides (SP_SacC, SP_AmyL, SP_AprE, SP_YwbN and SP_WapA) were screened, among which SP_SacC showed the best performance, reaching an activity of 157.61 U/mL. Subsequently, four strong promoters (P43, P_ykzA-P43, P_Ubay and P_bacA) from Bacillus were screened, and tandem promoter P_ykzA-P43 showed the highest yield of L-asparaginase, which was 52.94% higher than that of control strain. Finally, three Bacillus expression hosts (B. licheniformis Δ0F3 and BL10, B. subtilis WB800) were investigated, and the maximum L-asparaginase activity, 438.3 U/mL, was reached by B. licheniformis BL10, which was an 81.83% increase compared with that of the control. This is also the highest level of L-asparaginase in shake flask reported to date. Taken together, this study constructed a B. licheniformis strain BL10/P_ykzA-P43-SP_SacC-ansZ capable of efficiently producing L-asparaginase, which laid the foundation for industrial production of L-asparaginase.
Bacillus licheniformis/metabolism* ; Asparaginase/genetics* ; Bacillus/genetics* ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics* ; Bacillus subtilis/genetics* ; Bacterial Proteins