Objective:To evaluate the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in long-term cognitive impairment after multiple sevoflurane anesthesia in newborn mice.Methods:Clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 days, were used in this study. Ten mice were divided into 2 groups ( n=5 each) by the random number table method: control group (group C) and sevoflurane group (group S). The animals inhaled 3% sevoflurane for 2 h at 6, 7 and 8 days after birth. The DHA content was detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at 9 days of age. Fifty-two mice were selected and divided into 4 groups ( n=13 each) by a random number table method: control+ normal saline group (group C+ S), sevoflurane anesthesia + normal saline group (group S+ S), control+ DHA group (group C+ D), and sevoflurane anesthesia+ DHA group (group S+ D). The sevoflurane anesthesia method was the same as the one mentioned above. DHA 50 mg/kg was administered by intragastric gavage from postnatal days 6-19 (at 6, 7 and 8 days after birth, 2 h before anesthesia) in C+ D and S+ D groups. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C+ S group and S+ S group. The novel object recognition test was conducted at 37 days of age, and the Morris water maze test was performed at 42 days of age. The corpus callosum and hippocampal tissues were isolated at 47 days of age for examination of the ultrastructure of myelin (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in hippocampal tissues (by Western blot). The G-ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with group C, the content of DHA in hippocampal tissues was significantly decreased in group S ( P<0.05). Compared with group C+ S, the discrimination index was significantly decreased, the percentage of duration of staying at the target platform quadrant and the number of crossing the original platform were decreased, the expression of MBP was down-regulated, and the G-ratio in the original platform and hippocampus was increased in S+ S group ( P<0.05). Compared with group S+ S, the discrimination index was significantly increased, the percentage of duration of staying at the target platform quadrant and the number of crossing the original platform were increased, the expression of MBP was up-regulated, and the G-ratio in the original platform and hippocampus was decreased in S+ D group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism of long-term cognitive impairment following multiple sevoflurane anesthesia may be related to a decrease in the content of DHA, which subsequently leads to myelin structural damage in neonatal mice.

Objective:To evaluate the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in long-term cognitive impairment after multiple sevoflurane anesthesia in newborn mice.Methods:Clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 days, were used in this study. Ten mice were divided into 2 groups ( n=5 each) by the random number table method: control group (group C) and sevoflurane group (group S). The animals inhaled 3% sevoflurane for 2 h at 6, 7 and 8 days after birth. The DHA content was detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at 9 days of age. Fifty-two mice were selected and divided into 4 groups ( n=13 each) by a random number table method: control+ normal saline group (group C+ S), sevoflurane anesthesia + normal saline group (group S+ S), control+ DHA group (group C+ D), and sevoflurane anesthesia+ DHA group (group S+ D). The sevoflurane anesthesia method was the same as the one mentioned above. DHA 50 mg/kg was administered by intragastric gavage from postnatal days 6-19 (at 6, 7 and 8 days after birth, 2 h before anesthesia) in C+ D and S+ D groups. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C+ S group and S+ S group. The novel object recognition test was conducted at 37 days of age, and the Morris water maze test was performed at 42 days of age. The corpus callosum and hippocampal tissues were isolated at 47 days of age for examination of the ultrastructure of myelin (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in hippocampal tissues (by Western blot). The G-ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with group C, the content of DHA in hippocampal tissues was significantly decreased in group S ( P<0.05). Compared with group C+ S, the discrimination index was significantly decreased, the percentage of duration of staying at the target platform quadrant and the number of crossing the original platform were decreased, the expression of MBP was down-regulated, and the G-ratio in the original platform and hippocampus was increased in S+ S group ( P<0.05). Compared with group S+ S, the discrimination index was significantly increased, the percentage of duration of staying at the target platform quadrant and the number of crossing the original platform were increased, the expression of MBP was up-regulated, and the G-ratio in the original platform and hippocampus was decreased in S+ D group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism of long-term cognitive impairment following multiple sevoflurane anesthesia may be related to a decrease in the content of DHA, which subsequently leads to myelin structural damage in neonatal mice.

Objective To observe the intervention effects of Xintongfang on the expression of P-selectin (PS), P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA) and platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMA) in patients of coronary heart disease with carotid artery plaque. Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into Xintongfang group and the control group, with 30 cases in each group. Xintongfang group was given Xintongfang, the control group was given aspirin and atorvastatin calcium for two months. The expression of PS, PSGL-1, PLA and PMA were tested by flow cytometry before and after treatment. Results The expression of PS, PSGL-1, PLA and PMA in two groups were reduced (P<0.01). Xintongfang group had more obvious effects on the expression of PLA and PMA than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Xintongfang can reduce the degree of inflammatory in patients of coronary heart disease with carotid artery plaque by inhibiting platelet-leukocyte interaction.

Objective To study the effect of continous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and mutiple subcutaneous insulin infusion (MSII) on type 2 diabetes mellitus during perioperation. Methods One hundred and eighty surgical patients complicated with Type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups,98 cases in the CSII group (treated with CSII of novolin R) and 82 cases in the MSII group (treated with MSII of novolin R and no-volin N). Blood glucose level,the time to reach normal blood glucose level, the average dosage of insulin, the inci-dence of hypoglycemic,infection rate of incisions and inpatient days were measured in two groups before and after treatment. Results The level of fasting blood glucose after treatment in the CSII group (4.8 mmol/L (SD: 1.6)) was significantly lower than that of the MSII group (6.4 mmol/L(SD :2.1)) (t = 7.74,P < 0.05), and 2-h glucose in the CSII group (7.6 mmol/L(SD :2.3)) was significantly lower than that of the MSII group (9.3 mmol/L(SD: 2.4)) (t = 7.72, P < 0.05). The time to reach normal blood glucose level in the CSII group (4.1 days (SD: 2.9)) was shorter than that of MSII group (6.9 days (SD :2.0)) (t=2.81, P < 0.05). The average dosage of insulin in the CSII group (40.7 U(SD: 10.3)) was lower than that of the MSII group (63.2 U (SD: 17.0)) (t=3.57, P <0.05). The incidence of hypoglycemic in the CSII group (3.05%) was lower than that of the MSII group (9.20%) (χ~2 = 4.92,P < 0.05). The infection rate of incisions in the CSII group (0.0%) was lower than that of the MSII group (10.9%) (χ~2 =4.18, P < 0.05). The inpatient days in the CSII group (15.3 days (SD :7.2)) was shorter than that of the MSII group (22.5 days (SD :9.7)) (t = 3.12, P < 0.05). Conclusions Compared to multiple sub-cutaneous insulin infusion, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is more effective in controlling blood glucose, hypoglycemic and incision infection, thus is recommend to perioperative patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.