This article systematically analyzed the historical evolution of the origin， scientific name， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing， and other aspects of Quisqualis Fructus by consulting the ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books， local literature and combining with the modern literature and standards， summarized and explored the development rules of its medicinal properties and efficacy along with their underlying causes， in order to provide support for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. According to the textual research， Shijunzi was first recorded as Liuqiuzi in Nanfang Caomuzhuang of the Jin dynasty， and the name of Shijunzi was first used in Kaibao Bencao of the Song dynasty， which has been consistently used throughout subsequent dynasties， and there were also aliases such as Junziren， Sijunzi， and Dujilizi. The mainstream source of Quisqualis Fructus used in the past dynasties has been the dried mature fruits of Quisqualis indica， a plant belonging to the family Combretaceae. In modern times， its variety Q. indica var. villosa has also been recorded as the medicinal material of Quisqualis Fructus. In 2007， the Flora of China（English edition） designated Q. indica var. villosa as a synonym of Q. indica. Today， the accepted name of Shijunzi is updated to Combretum indicum. According to ancient herbal records， the producing areas of Quisqualis Fructus were Guangdong， Hong Kong， Macao， Guangxi， Hainan， Sichuan and Fujian， and then gradually expanded to Yunnan， Taiwan， Jiangxi and Guizhou. Since the Song dynasty， two major production regions have gradually emerged in Sichuan， Chongqing and Fujian. Currently， it is primarily cultivated in Chongqing， Guangxi and other areas， with Chongqing yielding the highest output. Since modern times， superior quality has been defined by large size， a purple-black surface， plump grains， and a yellowish-white kernel. According to ancient herbal records， the harvesting period of Quisqualis Fructus was the July and August of the lunar calendar， mostly used raw after shelling or with the shell intact， it underwent processing methods such as cleaning， slicing， mixing， steaming， roasting， stewing， and frying. Currently， the harvesting period is autumn， followed by sun-drying or low-heat drying， with processing methods including cleaning， stir-frying， and stewing. In ancient and modern literature， the records of the properties， functions and indications of Quisqualis Fructus are basically the same， that is， sweet in taste， warm in nature， predominantly non-toxic， belonging to the spleen and stomach meridians. It possesses effects of insecticide， decontamination and invigorating spleen for ascariasis， enterobiasis， abdominal pain due to worm accumulation and infantile malnutrition.The contraindications for use primarily include avoiding consumption by individuals without parasitic infestations， limiting use for those with spleen-stomach deficiency-cold， refraining from drinking hot tea during medication， and avoiding excessive intake. Based on the textual research， it is suggested that the dried mature fruits of Q. indica should be used as the medicinal material for the development of famous classical formulas containing Quisqualis Fructus. Processing methods may be chosen according to prescription requirements， and the raw products is recommended for medicinal use if not specified.

ObjectiveTo optimize the technical parameters of mouse embryo transfer (including oviduct opening method, pseudopregnant recipient body weight, number of embryos transferred per recipient, and unilateral vs. bilateral oviduct transfer), improve the efficiency of embryo transfer (the pregnancy rate of recipient female mice after embryo transfer is used as the evaluation index), and improve the utilization rate of high-quality embryo germplasm resources (the birth rate of mice after embryo transfer is used as the evaluation index). Methods560 SPF-grade ICR mice and 440 C57BL/6J mice were used as experimental animals. 2-cell embryos were obtained through in vitro fertilization. A single-factor controlled variable method was used to systematically investigate the effects of four factors, including oviduct opening method, pseudopregnant recipient body weight, number of embryos transferred per recipient, and unilateral vs. bilateral oviduct transfer, on the pregnancy rate and birth rate of mouse embryo transfer. ResultsThe pregnancy rate of recipients with an opening made in the oviduct using a 26G syringe needle reached 90%, which was significantly higher than the 43% in the group with oviduct openings cut by Vannas scissors (P<0.05). Pseudopregnant recipients weighing 29-35 g exhibited optimal embryo transfer outcomes, with a pregnancy rate of 90% and a birth rate of 44%, and no pups were crushed by the recipient mothers. The highest birth rate of 42% was observed in the group receiving 16-25 embryos per recipient. Transferring 26-35 embryos per recipient achieved a 90% pregnancy rate and maximized embryo utilization efficiency. However, transfer efficiency decreased significantly when more than 35 embryos were transferred. Transfer of 24-26 embryos per recipient balanced relatively high pregnancy and birth rates. Bilateral oviduct transfer of mouse embryos yielded slightly higher pregnancy and birth rates than unilateral transfer, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). ConclusionSelecting pseudopregnant recipient female mice weighing 29-35 g, using a 26G syringe needle to make an opening in the oviduct, and controlling the number of transferred embryos at 24-26 per recipient can effectively improve the success rate of embryo transfer and achieve efficient utilization of high-quality embryo germplasm resources.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of two-port laparoscopic full layer circular closure of the hernia ring for direct inguinal hernia.Methods Between September 2019 and February 2024,9 cases of pediatric indirect inguinal hernia were found to be accompanied by an occult direct inguinal hernia on the right side during two-port laparoscopic inner ring closure.After completing the high ligation of the indirect hernia under laparoscopic monitoring,the bottom of the direct hernia sac was investigated.The needle was held and inserted sequentially from the 4 o'clock direction,crossing the abdominal wall muscle layer through the peritoneum to the subcutaneous layer,and exited at the 8 o'clock direction.The same method was conducted from the 8 o'clock direction in and at the 12 o'clock direction out,and afterwards from the 12 o'clock direction in and at the 16 o'clock direction out(near the previous 4 o'clock insertion point),followed by knotting and closure of the hernia ring.Results Postoperative diagnosis indicated 3 cases of Pantalon hernia(right indirect hernia+right direct hernia)and 6 cases of left indirect hernia+right direct hernia.No extraperitoneal lipoma was found outside the hernia sac.Two-port laparoscopic high ligation of the indirect hernia and laparoscopic circular closure through muscle layer to subcutaneous layer of abdominal wall around the hernia ring was carried out.The operation time was(32.5±3.5)min,and blood loss was less than 1 ml.No intraoperative complications were seen.All the patients were discharged within 6 h after surgery and followed up for 5-13 months(mean,8 months),with 3 cases followed up for more than 12 months.No complications such as incision infection,recurrent hernia,hydrocele,iatrogenic cryptorchidism or testicular atrophy was found.Ultrasound examination of the direct hernia triangular area showed uniform thickness of the abdominal wall and no localized defects observed.Conclusions Laparoscopic circular closure through muscle layer to subcutaneous layer of abdominal wall around the hernia ring is safe and feasible.This procedure supplements the pediatric direct inguinal hernia repair procedure by suturing and closing both peritoneum and abdominal wall muscle layer of direct hernia defect without changing the normal anatomical position of the umbilical fold.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth and identify the susceptible exposure window. At the same time, the interaction between non-optimal temperature and pollutants exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth was analyzed, in order to provide strong clues for the influence of non-optimal temperature exposure during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Methods:A total of 1 852 pregnant women were recruited from September 2021 to June 2023 in Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Center. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and their health records were analyzed. The permanent address of each pregnant woman was matched with Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Reanalysis of the Global Climate and a geo-statistical combination model based on satellite remote sensing data collection, then follow-up for pregnancy outcome was conducted. Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to assess the association between exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy and the risk for preterm birth and a multiplicative interaction model was used to assess the interaction between exposure to pollutants and non-optimal temperatures during pregnancy on the risk for preterm birth.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal age, occupation, Gross Domestic Product of the region, pre-pregnancy preconception BMI, newborn sex, the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme low temperature ( P1, P3, P5) were week 1-22 , and the weekly susceptibility windows of extreme high temperature ( P95, P97, P99) were week 27 and week 32-36. Extreme low temperature [ P1 ( OR=1.147, 95% CI: 1.041-1.265), P5 ( OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.035-1.501)] and extreme high temperature [ P97 ( OR=1.146, 95% CI: 1.039-1.263), P99 ( OR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.099-1.345)] exhibited multiplicative interaction with PM 2.5. Conclusions:Exposure to non-optimal temperature during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth. The susceptible exposure windows of extreme low temperature were mainly in early and mid-pregnancy, and the susceptible exposure windows of extreme high temperature were mainly in late-pregnancy. Exposure to non-optimal temperatures and pollutants during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth.

Renal cell carcinoma in a transplanted kidney is rare, and partial nephrectomy in transplanted kidney is even more uncommon. A patient with papillary transplanted renal cell carcinoma who underwent partial nephrectomy was reported. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to the discovery of transplanted kidney mass, and the enhanced examination of CTU found a lesion in the upper pole of the transplanted kidney in the right iliac fossa, which may be renal cancer, with a diameter of about 2 cm. After open partial nephrectomy of the transplanted kidney, the postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was papillary renal cell carcinoma. The antirejection drugs were used after surgery. During the follow-up period of 16 months, there was no recurrence of transplanted kidney tumor.

Renal cell carcinoma in a transplanted kidney is rare, and partial nephrectomy in transplanted kidney is even more uncommon. A patient with papillary transplanted renal cell carcinoma who underwent partial nephrectomy was reported. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to the discovery of transplanted kidney mass, and the enhanced examination of CTU found a lesion in the upper pole of the transplanted kidney in the right iliac fossa, which may be renal cancer, with a diameter of about 2 cm. After open partial nephrectomy of the transplanted kidney, the postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was papillary renal cell carcinoma. The antirejection drugs were used after surgery. During the follow-up period of 16 months, there was no recurrence of transplanted kidney tumor.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of two-port laparoscopic full layer circular closure of the hernia ring for direct inguinal hernia.Methods Between September 2019 and February 2024,9 cases of pediatric indirect inguinal hernia were found to be accompanied by an occult direct inguinal hernia on the right side during two-port laparoscopic inner ring closure.After completing the high ligation of the indirect hernia under laparoscopic monitoring,the bottom of the direct hernia sac was investigated.The needle was held and inserted sequentially from the 4 o'clock direction,crossing the abdominal wall muscle layer through the peritoneum to the subcutaneous layer,and exited at the 8 o'clock direction.The same method was conducted from the 8 o'clock direction in and at the 12 o'clock direction out,and afterwards from the 12 o'clock direction in and at the 16 o'clock direction out(near the previous 4 o'clock insertion point),followed by knotting and closure of the hernia ring.Results Postoperative diagnosis indicated 3 cases of Pantalon hernia(right indirect hernia+right direct hernia)and 6 cases of left indirect hernia+right direct hernia.No extraperitoneal lipoma was found outside the hernia sac.Two-port laparoscopic high ligation of the indirect hernia and laparoscopic circular closure through muscle layer to subcutaneous layer of abdominal wall around the hernia ring was carried out.The operation time was(32.5±3.5)min,and blood loss was less than 1 ml.No intraoperative complications were seen.All the patients were discharged within 6 h after surgery and followed up for 5-13 months(mean,8 months),with 3 cases followed up for more than 12 months.No complications such as incision infection,recurrent hernia,hydrocele,iatrogenic cryptorchidism or testicular atrophy was found.Ultrasound examination of the direct hernia triangular area showed uniform thickness of the abdominal wall and no localized defects observed.Conclusions Laparoscopic circular closure through muscle layer to subcutaneous layer of abdominal wall around the hernia ring is safe and feasible.This procedure supplements the pediatric direct inguinal hernia repair procedure by suturing and closing both peritoneum and abdominal wall muscle layer of direct hernia defect without changing the normal anatomical position of the umbilical fold.

As the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of gastric cancer deepens and the identification of gastric cancer driver genes advances,drugs targeting gastric cancer driver genes have been applied in clinical practice.Among them,trastuzumab,as the first targeted drug for gastric cancer,effectively inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells by targeting overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2).Trastuzumab has become the standard treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer patients.Ramucirumab,on the other hand,inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)and has been used as second-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer patients.In addition,bemarituzumab targets overexpressed fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2),while zolbetuximab targets overexpressed claudin 18.2(CLDN18.2),significantly extending progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer in clinical trials.This article reviews the roles of tumor driver genes in the progression of gastric cancer,and the treatment strategies for gastric cancer primarily based on targeting HER2,VEGF,FGFR2,CLDN18.2 and MET.This provides a reference for clinical application of targeted therapy for gastric cancer.

Objective·To establish a transgenic zebrafish line Tg(amh:mCherry)for studying gonadal development and related diseases,and to trace and analyze the developmental process of zebrafish gonads.Methods·A recombinant transgenic expression vector pTol2-amh-mCherry was constructed by using the upstream promoter sequence of the zebrafish anti-Müllerian hormone(amh)gene coding region and the gene coding sequence of the red fluorescent protein,and was validated by using Sanger sequencing.The recombinant transgenic expression vector and mRNA of Tol2 transposase were co-microinjected into zebrafish embryos,and fluorescent zebrafish were selected by using fluorescence microscope to screen for a stable inherited transgenic zebrafish line Tg(amh:mCherry).In situ hybridization was used to detect whether the location of the fluorescence signals was consistent with the location of endogenous expression of amh.The red fluorescence of transgenic zebrafish from generation F3 was observed by fluorescence microscopy,and the process of gonadal development was tracked and analyzed.Results·The recombinant transgenic expression vector pTol2-amh-mCherry was successfully constructed,and a stable inherited F3 generation transgenic zebrafish line Tg(amh:mCherry)was successfully established.The results of in situ hybridization showed that the location of the red fluorescence signals in the transgenic zebrafish Tg(amh:mCherry)was consistent with the location of endogenous expression of amh.Through observation and analysis of the fluorescence of transgenic zebrafish from F3 generation,five developmental patterns of zebrafish gonads were found.Conclusion·The successful construction of Tg(amh:mCherry)transgenic zebrafish line facilitates the tracer analysis of zebrafish gonadal development,which provides a better experimental model for the study of gonad-related diseases.