ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the long-term prognosis for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） of yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 371 DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was defined as the exposure factor. Patients were categorized into exposure group （186 cases） and non-exposure group （185 cases） according to whether they received yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy combined with conventional western medicine for 6 months or longer. The follow-up period was set at 48 months， and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） in both groups. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the risk of MACE， and subgroup analysis was performed. Changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） score were compared between groups at the time of first combined use of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy （before treatment） and 1 year after receiving the therapy （after treatment）. ResultsMACE occurred in 31 cases （16.67%） in the exposure group and 47 cases （25.41%） in the non-exposure group. The cumulative incidence of MACE in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the non-exposure group ［HR=0.559， 95%CI（0.361，0.895）， P=0.014］. Cox regression analysis showed that yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was an independent factor for reducing the risk of MACE in DCM patients ［HR=0.623， 95%CI（0.396，0.980）， P=0.041］， and consistent results were observed in different subgroups. Compared with pre-treatment， the exposure group showed decreased TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score， reduced LVEDD， and increased LVEF and LVFS after treatment （P＜0.05）； in the non-exposure group， TCM syndrome score decreased， LVEF and LVFS increased， and LVEDD reduced after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the exposure group had higher LVEF and LVFS， smaller LVEDD， and lower TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score compared with the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionCombining yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy with conventional western medicine can reduce the risk of MACE in DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， meanwhile improving their clinical symptoms， cardiac function， and quality of life.

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+lOL)has become the main treatment for cataracts due to small incision and fast recovery. Phacoemulsification can damage the conjunctiva, cornea and other ocular surface tissues, causing local inflammation, which in turn leads to eye dryness and discomfort after surgery. According to studies, patients who suffer from phacoemulsification most experience dry eye syndrome within 24 h, which gradually worsens and reaches its peak in the following 1 wk, seriously affecting their quality of life. The review aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of preoperative patient physical conditions and local ocular status, intraoperative maneuvers and postoperative treatments on postoperative dry eye, with the expectation of formulating scientific and effective preventive measures for potential dry eye patients after phacoemulsification, and providing a theoretical basis for postoperative dry eye treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors of overall postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries. METHODS: This study was conducted among a total of 1388 elderly patients, who underwent elective gastrointestinal surgeries at 17 centers across China between April, 2020 and April, 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications within 30 days, including procedure-related, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal complications as well as acute kidney injury. Baseline characteristics, preoperative psychological and functional status, intraoperative anesthesia and surgical factors, intraoperative medication, use of nerve block, and postoperative analgesia methods were compared between the patients experiencing one or more postoperative complications and those without complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative complications. The relationship between postoperative acute pain and each type of complication were explored. RESULTS: The incidence of overall postoperative complications was 50.8% (705/1388) in these patients. Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR: 1.026; 95% CI: 1.006-1.046), prognostic nutritional index (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.997-1.000), preoperative EuroQol-5 dimensions score (OR: 0.094; 95% CI: 0.018-0.500), blood loss (OR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001-1.003), and acute postoperative pain (OR: 1.308; 95% CI: 1.033-1.657) were significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications. Specifically, patients experiencing severe postoperative pain had a significantly higher incidence of neuropsychiatric (27.2% vs 19.8%), procedure-related (17.3% vs 10.2%), and cardiovascular complications (3.6% vs 1.7%). CONCLUSIONS An advanced age, a low preoperative nutritional index, a poor quality of life score, a greater volume of intraoperative blood loss, and acute postoperative pain are independent risk factors for postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries. There is a significant association between acute postoperative pain and multi-system complications.
Humans ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; China/epidemiology* ; Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Aged, 80 and over

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect mechanism of Gualou guizhi granule on neurological function and synaptic plasticity in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group and Gualou guizhi granule group （3.6 g/kg）， with 6 rats in each group. The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by the suture occlusion method. Two hours after modeling， the model rats were given relevant medicine or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. After the last medication， the neurological function of rats was evaluated [calculated by modified neurological severity scores （mNSS） and corner turning percentage]； the neuronal apoptosis rate of brain histiocyte in the ischemic side of rats was detected in each group； the positive expressions of growth associated protein 43 （GAP43） and microtubule associated protein 2 （MAP2） were detected； protein expressions of neuron-specific nuclear protein （NeuN）， synaptophysin-1 （Syn-1）， postsynaptic density protein-95 （PSD-95）， peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and tropomyosin receptor kinase B （TrkB）， as well as mRNA expressions of NeuN， Syn-1 and PSD-95 were detected. RESULTS Compared with the model group， mNSS， corner turning percentage and neuronal apoptotic rate were decreased significantly in Gualou guizhi granule group （P＜0.01）； GAP43 represented weak immunoreactivity， and MAP2 represented moderate immunoreactivity； protein expressions of NeuN， Syn-1， PSD-95， PPARγ， BDNF， TrkB and mRNA expressions of Syn-1， NeuN， PSD-95 were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Gualou guizhi granule can promote synaptic plasticity by activating BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway， thus playing a protective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

BACKGROUND:Up to now,there is no literature on the relationship between blood laboratory tests and the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head in different stages.It is necessary to further explore and analyze so as to better clarify the influencing factors of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between blood laboratory indicators and the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by the Association Research Circulation Osseous(ARCO),thus exploring the influencing factors of blood laboratory indicators on the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:This study used a retrospective study design.A total of 2 103 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrieved from Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences database,and 1 075 patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head were ultimately included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patient age,gender,body mass index,and blood laboratory test results were collected.Blood laboratory tests included low-density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein β,apolipoprotein α1,uric acid,total protein quantitative,alkaline phosphatase,activated partial thromboplastin time,prothrombin time,prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio,prothrombin time activity,fibrinogen quantitative,coagulation time of thrombin,D-dimer,total iron binding capacity,and platelet count.The indicators of patients with different age groups and different ARCO stages were compared,and multiple Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of ARCO stages in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were statistical differences in total cholesterol,uric acid,prothrombin time,prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio,and D-dimer among ARCO stages in the young group(P<0.05).Among young patients in ARCO stage II,total cholesterol levels were higher than those in ARCO stage III(P<0.05).Uric acid levels in ARCO stage IV were higher than those in ARCO stage II and III(P<0.05).Prothrombin time and prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio were shorter in ARCO stage IV and II than in ARCO stage III(P<0.05).D-dimer levels were higher in ARCO stage III and IV than in ARCO stage II(P<0.05).(2)There were statistically significant differences in high-density lipoprotein,coagulation time of thrombin,and D-dimer among ARCO stages in the middle-aged group(P<0.05).Among middle-aged patients in ARCO stage IV,high-density lipoprotein levels were higher than those in ARCO stages II and III(P<0.05).Coagulation time of thrombin was shorter in ARCO stage IV than in ARCO stage III(P<0.05).D-dimer levels were higher in ARCO stages IV than in ARCO stages II and III(P<0.05).(3)The uric acid,activated partial thromboplastin time,D-dimer,and platelet count in the elderly group showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The uric acid level in ARCO stage IV was higher than that in ARCO stage II and III patients in the elderly group(P<0.05),while the activated prothrombin time in ARCO stage II patients was shorter than that in ARCO stage III patients in the elderly group(P<0.05).The D-dimer level in ARCO stage III and IV patients was higher than that in ARCO stage II patients in the elderly group(P<0.05).The platelet count in ARCO stage IV was lower than that in ARCO stage III patients in the elderly group(P<0.05).(4)Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that total cholesterol and platelet count may be protective factors for course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head,while D-dimer,uric acid,overweight,and young and middle age may be risk factors for course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.(5)It is indicated that total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,uric acid,prothrombin time,prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio,and D-dimer are statistically significant among patients with different ARCO stages.Total cholesterol and platelet count may be protective factors for the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head,while D-dimer,uric acid,overweight,and middle-aged and young age groups may be hazard factors for the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

ObjectiveTo analyze the exposure-response relationship of peripheral whole blood chromium level and lung function as well as genetic toxicity indicators in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(Ⅵ)] compounds, and to propose a biological exposure limit of whole blood chromium for soluble Cr(Ⅵ) compounds-exposed workers. Methods A total of 515 workers from a dynamic occupational Cr(Ⅵ) compounds-exposed cohort in an enterprise from 2010 to 2017 were selected as the research subjects using a retrospective cohort study. A total of 918 followed-up results of research subjects and baseline data of a cohort were analyzed based on bibliometric analysis. The results include lung function tests, whole blood chromium level detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, peripheral micronuclei frequency (MNF) detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The results of bibliometric analysis showed that domestic and foreign studies on biological monitoring of Cr(Ⅵ) compounds increased year by year in the past 30 years, and whole blood chromium levels had a good correlation with the occupational Cr(Ⅵ) compounds exposure. The geometric mean of whole blood chromium levels in males and females among the occupational Cr(Ⅵ) compounds exposure cohort was 2.77 and 1.79 μg/L, respectively. A turning point appeared in 6.00 μg/L chromium in whole blood of the exposure-response curve of whole blood chromium levels with lung function indicators and genetic toxicity indicators. For each unit increase in the natural logarithm-transformed whole blood chromium level, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) decreased by 0.05 L, the FEV₁/forced-vital-capacity decreased by 0.67%, the peak expiratory flow decreased by 0.15 L/s, the maximal mid-expiratory flow decreased by 0.09 L/s, the MNF increased by 0.149‰, the urinary 8-OHdG increased by 0.090 μg/g, and the mtCN increased by 0.013. When the whole blood chromium level was >6.00 μg/L, there was a significant increase in urinary 8-OHdG, MNF, and mtCN (all P<0.01). Conclusion The level of whole blood chromium can be used as a biomarker for occupational exposure to soluble Cr(Ⅵ) compounds. The preliminary biological exposure limit is set at 6.00 μg/L for whole blood chromium in workers exposed to soluble Cr(Ⅵ) compounds.

Objective This article aims to investigate the association between hypertension and the risk of GSD by conducting a national multicenter study,a systematic review,and a meta-analysis.Methods The study was conducted in three stages.In the first stage,subjects were recruited for health examination in four hospitals in Chengdu,Tianjin,Beijing,and Chongqing,China,from 2015 to 2020,and the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between hypertension and the risk of GSD in each center.In the second stage,Embase,PubMed,Wanfang Data,VIP,and CNKI databases were searched for related studies published up to May 2021,and a meta-analysis was conducted to further verify such association.In the third stage,the random effects model was used for pooled analysis of the results of the multicenter cross-sectional study and the findings of previous literature.Results A total of 633 948 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional study,and the prevalence rate of GSD was 7.844%.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension was positively associated with the risk of GSD(P＜0.05).Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the association between hypertension and GSD between individuals with different sexes,ages,and subtypes of GSD.A total of 80 articles were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis,and the results showed that the risk of GSD was increased by 1.022 times for every 10 mmHg increase in diastolic pressure and 1.014 times for every 10 mmHg increase in systolic pressure.Conclusion Hypertension significantly increases the risk of GSD,and the findings of this study will provide a basis for the etiology of GSD and the identification of high-risk groups.

Objective To investigate risk factors of medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension through Meta-analysis.Methods Literatures on medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension were systematically reviewed across various databases,from inception to September 1st 2023,including CNKI,VIP,Wangfong Database,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library、EMbase.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.Results A total of 19 articles were included,comprising a total of 18 220 patients in sample size.Meta analysis identified 10 risk factors,showed significant association(P<0.05)with:age[OR=1.36,95%CI=(1.00,1.86)],place of residence[OR=1.91,95%CI=(1.33,2.75)],method of payment for medical expenses[OR=1.60,95%CI=(1.38,1.86)],income level[OR=1.68,95%CI=(1.45,1.95)],occupational status[OR=1.79,95%CI=(1.37,2.36)],social support[OR=1.43,95%CI=(1.27,1.60)],comorbidity[CI=0.33,95%(0.19,0.58)],frequency of blood pressure measurement[CI=1.53,95%(1.14,2.05)],disease awareness[OR=1.70,95%CI=(1.44,2.00)]and dedication frequency[OR=1.44,95%CI=(1.16,1.79)].In addition,the number of influencing factors such as gender,marital status,depression,cognitive impairment,and complications was included in<3 articles,and only descriptive analysis was conducted.Conclusion Healthcare providers should focus on the identification and management of the risk factors associated with medication non-adherence in elderly patients with hypertension,therefore to reduce the incidence of medication non-adherence.

Objective:To translate the Wound Symptom Self-Assessment Chart (WoSSAC) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity among patients with malignant wounds in China.Methods:With authorization from the original author, the WoSSAC was translated into Chinese following Brislin's back-translation model, resulting in the Chinese version of WoSSAC. Convenience sampling was used to select 115 oncology patients with malignant wounds who were admitted to Beijing Cancer Hospital from June and December 2022 for a survey to validate the Chinese version of WoSSAC. Item analysis was used for item screening; content validity index and structural validity were used to test the validity of the scale. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability.Results:All 115 distributed questionnaires were completed and returned, yielding a 100% response rate. The Chinese version of WoSSAC consisted of 21 items divided into two parts: the severity of wound-related problems and the degree of impact on daily life. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two common factors from the section on the severity of wound-related problems, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 83.583%, and two common factors from the section on the degree of impact on dailly life, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 81.422%. The content validity index was 0.98 at the scale level and ranged from 0.80 to 1.00 at the item level. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the the section on the severity of wound-related problems was 0.979, with a split-half reliability of 0.924; for the section on the degree of impact on dailly life, Cronbach's α was 0.975, with a split-half reliability of 0.937. The test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.842 for the severity of wound-related problems and 0.903 for the degree of impact on daily life.Conclusions:The Chinese version of WoSSAC demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used for self-assessment of the severity of malignant wound symptoms and their impact on daily life.

Objective To discuss the entries of prognostic factors affecting osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH);To determine optimized and uniform prognostic influences.Methods Through literature pre-search and clinical research,the questionnaire was designed.Experts were selected based on the Delphi method and the questionnaire was distributed to the experts online,and after the questionnaire was recovered,Excel 2016 and SPSS 26.0 software were applied to process the data.The positive coefficients of experts,the degree of authority of experts,the degree of coordination of experts'opinions,the degree of concentration of experts'opinions,and the weight coefficients of the entries were calculated for the evaluation of the importance.Results Totally 116 articles were included.A list of prognostic factors indicators based on original literature was extracted.The first and second rounds of consultation had 30 and 40 experts respectively,and the collected questionnaires were all valid.Finally,10 major prognostic factors affecting ONFH were identified,including whether strictly on crutches,whether in pain(duration of pain),hip mobility,time to confirmation of osteonecrosis,ARCO staging,JIC staging,whether the anterolateral column is preserved,necrotic area,CT supracondylar subchondral fracture zone,and oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusion This article summarizes the relevant factors that affect the progression of ONFH,which can further enhance clinical physicians'understanding of the prognosis of ONFH,and can delay the progression of ONFH by effectively intervening in important factors.