Objective:To observe any relationships among the nutritional status, the social abilities, and the eating and drinking ability of children with severe cerebral palsy.Methods:A total of 334 children with cerebral palsy, classified as level IV or V according to the gross motor function classification system, were enrolled. Their social ability, and their eating and drinking performance were assessed using the eating and drinking ability classification system (EDACS) or the mini-EDACS classification, and their nutritional status was also evaluated. Logistic regressions were evaluated seeking any useful inter-relationships.Results:The incidence of nutritional deficiency among the children was estimated at 71.5%, with 4.5% overweight or obese. 80.5% of the children exhibited mild to profound impairment in their social abilities, with another 15.0% on the borderline. The eating and drinking ability of 57.5% was rated as mildly to moderately dysfunction, with another 13.5% of severe dysfunction. The boys had a higher rate of nutritional deficiency and excess compared to the girls ( OR=2.41, P≤0.05). And eating and drinking ability was observed to improve with age ( OR=2.41, P≤0.05), while the average standard score for social ability improved ( OR=1.21, P≤0.05). Those nutritionally deficient or in excess had a significantly higher rate of impaired social ability compared to healthy children ( OR=1.38, P≤0.05). A higher standard score for social living ability was associated with a lower risk of severe eating and drinking dysfunction ( OR=0.45, P≤0.05). Conclusions:Malnutrition, impaired social ability, and impaired eating and drinking ability are common in children with severe cerebral palsy, and these three factors are inter-related. Boys have a significantly higher rate of nutritional deficiency or excess compared to girls. However, eating and drinking ability improves with age.

Blood-bi-syndrome is primarily characterized by localized numbness and mild pain in the limbs.Records about the diagnosis and treatment of blood-bi-syndrome are scattered throughout classical medical literature.According to the theory of Yindan and Yangdan formulas in the classical prescription system,when the body's ascending function of qi movement is insufficiency,Yangdan formulas which contain Astragali Radix can be used for warming and uplifting yang qi.Conversely,when the descending function of qi movement is insufficiency,Yindan formulas which contain containing Bupleuri Radix can be used for astringing,descending,clearing and purging.This article,based on the principles of Yindan and Yangdan formulas,analyzed the fundamental pathogenesis of blood-bi-syndrome developing from the transmission of superficial syndromes,as well as its clinical manifestations during the transmission and change between taiyin disease and yangming disease.And the therapeutic strategies for blood-bi-syndrome were also summarized.It is proposed that taiyin blood-bi-syndrome arises in individuals with constitutionally deficient cold after the attack of pathogenic factors,resulting from fluid depletion,blood insufficiency,and stomach deficiency,which should be treated by Yangdan Formulas with pungent-sweet-warm properties for warming and uplifting yang qi.For the treatment of patients with taiyin blood-bi-syndrome characterized by exterior syndrome,Astragali Radix-containing classical prescriptions like Astragali Radix and Cinnamomi Ramulus Five-Component Decoction(Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction)can be chosen;for the treatment of patients with taiyin blood-bi-syndrome characterized by interior syndrome,Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens-containing classical prescriptions like Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Bambusae Caulis in Taenia Decoction(Jupi Zhuru Decoction)is adopted.Conversely,yangming blood-bi-syndrome occurs in individuals with constitutionally excessive heat after the attack of pathogenic factors,resulting from the internal accumulation of blood stasis and heat and the impairment of the fluid and blood,which should be treated by Yindan Formulas with pungent-sweet-cold or sour-cold properties for astringing,descending,clearing and purging.For the treatment of patients with yangming blood-bi-syndrome characterized by exterior syndrome,Puerariae Lobatae Radix-containing classical prescriptions like Phyllostachydis Henonis Folium and Puerariae Lobatae Radix Decoction(Zhuye Gegen Decoction)can be used;for the treatment of patients with yangming blood-bi-syndrome characterized by interior syndrome,Paeoniae Radix Alba-containing classical prescriptions like Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga Decoction(Dahuang Zhechong Wan)is recommended.

Objective To explore the syndrome differentiation rules of the Yin Dan and Yang Dan method,and summarize Professor Yang Zhimin's valuable experience in the treatment of insomnia.Methods The case data of 11390 insomnia patients treated by Professor Yang Zhimin was retrospectively analyzed,and the distribution of symptoms,signs,pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation rules of insomnia patients was examined based on latent structure analysis.Result A total of 44 symptoms and signs can explain the overall situation of insomnia patients,showing the characteristics of both excess and deficiency,cold and heat.A total of 36 hidden categories(symptom clusters and pathogenesis)was composed.Symptoms and signs such as fear of wind and cold can explain the overall situation of insomnia patients with cold syndrome due to weakness of Wei Qi,symptoms and signs such as pale eyelid can explain the overall situation of insomnia patients with heat syndrome due to weakness of Ying Xve,and established diagnostic criteria for insomnia patients with cold syndrome due to weakness of Wei Qi and heat syndrome due to weakness of Ying Xve.Conclusion Based on the Yang Dan and Yin Dan method to distinguish and treat insomnia from the perspective of disharmony between Ying and Wei,it is in line with the basic understanding of the pathogenesis of insomnia in the classics of traditional Chinese medicine.The pattern differentiation rules obtained through the latent structure analysis method are helpful to summarize valuable clinical experience and provide a certain reference and basis for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the syndrome differentiation rules of the Yin Dan and Yang Dan method,and summarize Professor Yang Zhimin's valuable experience in the treatment of insomnia.Methods The case data of 11390 insomnia patients treated by Professor Yang Zhimin was retrospectively analyzed,and the distribution of symptoms,signs,pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation rules of insomnia patients was examined based on latent structure analysis.Result A total of 44 symptoms and signs can explain the overall situation of insomnia patients,showing the characteristics of both excess and deficiency,cold and heat.A total of 36 hidden categories(symptom clusters and pathogenesis)was composed.Symptoms and signs such as fear of wind and cold can explain the overall situation of insomnia patients with cold syndrome due to weakness of Wei Qi,symptoms and signs such as pale eyelid can explain the overall situation of insomnia patients with heat syndrome due to weakness of Ying Xve,and established diagnostic criteria for insomnia patients with cold syndrome due to weakness of Wei Qi and heat syndrome due to weakness of Ying Xve.Conclusion Based on the Yang Dan and Yin Dan method to distinguish and treat insomnia from the perspective of disharmony between Ying and Wei,it is in line with the basic understanding of the pathogenesis of insomnia in the classics of traditional Chinese medicine.The pattern differentiation rules obtained through the latent structure analysis method are helpful to summarize valuable clinical experience and provide a certain reference and basis for clinical practice.

Objective:To observe any relationships among the nutritional status, the social abilities, and the eating and drinking ability of children with severe cerebral palsy.Methods:A total of 334 children with cerebral palsy, classified as level IV or V according to the gross motor function classification system, were enrolled. Their social ability, and their eating and drinking performance were assessed using the eating and drinking ability classification system (EDACS) or the mini-EDACS classification, and their nutritional status was also evaluated. Logistic regressions were evaluated seeking any useful inter-relationships.Results:The incidence of nutritional deficiency among the children was estimated at 71.5%, with 4.5% overweight or obese. 80.5% of the children exhibited mild to profound impairment in their social abilities, with another 15.0% on the borderline. The eating and drinking ability of 57.5% was rated as mildly to moderately dysfunction, with another 13.5% of severe dysfunction. The boys had a higher rate of nutritional deficiency and excess compared to the girls ( OR=2.41, P≤0.05). And eating and drinking ability was observed to improve with age ( OR=2.41, P≤0.05), while the average standard score for social ability improved ( OR=1.21, P≤0.05). Those nutritionally deficient or in excess had a significantly higher rate of impaired social ability compared to healthy children ( OR=1.38, P≤0.05). A higher standard score for social living ability was associated with a lower risk of severe eating and drinking dysfunction ( OR=0.45, P≤0.05). Conclusions:Malnutrition, impaired social ability, and impaired eating and drinking ability are common in children with severe cerebral palsy, and these three factors are inter-related. Boys have a significantly higher rate of nutritional deficiency or excess compared to girls. However, eating and drinking ability improves with age.

Objective To investigate the expressions of glycolysis-related factors and changes in Notch1 signaling in endometrial tissues of adenomyosis(AM)and Ishikawa cells to explore the pathogenesis of AM.Methods Eutopic endometrial tissues were collected from 8 patients with AM and 8 patients with uterine fibroids matched for clinical characteristics(control group).The expressions of Notch1 signaling proteins and glycolysis-related factors in the collected tissues were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blotting,and the levels of glucose and lactic acid were determined.An Ishikawa cell model with lentivirus-mediated stable Notch1 overexpression was established for assessing cell survival rate with CCK-8 assay,cell migration and invasion abilities with Transwell migration and invasion assays,and glycolytic capacity by determining the extracellular acidification rate.Results Compared with those in the control group,the endometrial tissues in AM group showed significantly increased expression level of carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),increased mRNA expression levels of Notch1,HK2 and PDHA and protein expressions of Notch1,GLUT1,HK2,PKM and PDHA,lowered glucose level and increased lactate level.The Ishikawa cell models with stable Notch1 overexpression exhibited significantly increased cell survival rate with attenuated cell migration and invasion abilities and decreased glycolysis capacity and reserve.Conclusion The Notch1 signaling pathway participates in the pathogenesis of AM possibly by regulating the proliferation,migration,invasion and glycolysis of endometrial cells.

Objective To investigate the expressions of glycolysis-related factors and changes in Notch1 signaling in endometrial tissues of adenomyosis(AM)and Ishikawa cells to explore the pathogenesis of AM.Methods Eutopic endometrial tissues were collected from 8 patients with AM and 8 patients with uterine fibroids matched for clinical characteristics(control group).The expressions of Notch1 signaling proteins and glycolysis-related factors in the collected tissues were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blotting,and the levels of glucose and lactic acid were determined.An Ishikawa cell model with lentivirus-mediated stable Notch1 overexpression was established for assessing cell survival rate with CCK-8 assay,cell migration and invasion abilities with Transwell migration and invasion assays,and glycolytic capacity by determining the extracellular acidification rate.Results Compared with those in the control group,the endometrial tissues in AM group showed significantly increased expression level of carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),increased mRNA expression levels of Notch1,HK2 and PDHA and protein expressions of Notch1,GLUT1,HK2,PKM and PDHA,lowered glucose level and increased lactate level.The Ishikawa cell models with stable Notch1 overexpression exhibited significantly increased cell survival rate with attenuated cell migration and invasion abilities and decreased glycolysis capacity and reserve.Conclusion The Notch1 signaling pathway participates in the pathogenesis of AM possibly by regulating the proliferation,migration,invasion and glycolysis of endometrial cells.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Stigma Maydis Palysaccharide(SMPS)on ATP synthesis in kidney mitochondria of D-galactose-induced aging mice, and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:The aging mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose solution in the back of the neck.The 48 SPF male mice were randomly divided into normal control group(control group), D-galactose model group(D-Gal group), SMPS low-dose group and SMPS high-dose group(n=12 for each). The control group was subcutaneously injected with 150 mg/kg normal saline on the back of the neck every day, while the other three groups were subcutaneously injected with 150 mg/kg of D-gal solution on the back of the neck every day.SMPS-L and-H dose groups were given 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of SMPS solution by gavage at the same day of D-Gal injection.The control group and D-GAL group were given the same volume of normal saline daily by gavage for 42 days.Blood samples were collected from the eyeball under general anesthesia after 42 days of intervention for the detection of serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and MDA.After harvesting the kidney tissue, various tests were used to detect ATP content, the mRNA expression levels and protein expression levels in kidney.Luciferase assay was used to detect ATP content in renal tissue.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)of complex Ⅱ, cytochrome C reductase(Cycs)of complex Ⅲ, complex Ⅳ(COXⅣ)and ATP5b in ATP synthase in mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 2(MFN2), dynamin-related protein1(DRP1)and mitochondrial autophagy related protein P62 in renal tissues of each group.Results:Compared with control group, the activities of serum of SOD(116.53±10.01)U/mg and GSH-Px(127.58±8.74)μmol/L were significantly decreased in D-GAL group(both P< 0.01), and serum MDA content(15.42±0.91)μmol/L increased significantly in D-GAL group( P<0.01). Compared with D-GAL group, the activities of SOD(152.80±9.29)U/mg and GSH-Px(274.07±10.73)μmol/L were significantly increased in SMPS intervention group( P< 0.01), while the MDA content(8.10±0.66)μmol/L decreased significantly in SMPS intervention group( P< 0.01). Compared with control group, the content of ATP(178±4)10 -4 μmol in D-gal group was significantly decreased( P<0.01), the mRNA expression levels of SDH, Cycs and COXⅣ were not significantly changed in D-gal group, and the mRNA expression level of ATP5b(0.67±0.01)was down-regulated in D-gal group( P<0.01), the expression of MFN2 protein(0.29±0.02)was significantly decreased in D-gal group( P<0.01), and the expression of DRP1 and P62 protein(0.31±0.02 and 0.21±0.01)was significantly increased in D-gal group(both P<0.01). Compared with the D-gal group, the ATP content(193±1)10 -4 μmol in the kidney tissue of the mice was significantly increased in SMPS intervention group( P< 0.01), and the ATP5b mRNA expression and MFN2 protein expression(0.87±0.05 and 0.71±0.08)were significantly increased in SMPS intervention group(both P< 0.01), DRP1 and P62 protein expressions(0.20±0.01 and 0.10±0.01)were significantly down-regulated in in SMPS intervention group(both P< 0.01). Conclusions:SMPS can improve the mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis disorder in aging mice by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, up-regulating the expression of ATP5b mRNA and MFN2 protein, down-regulating the expression of DRP1 and P62 protein, and promoting the generation of mitochondrial ATP in D-gal-induced aging mice kidney tissue.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of sexuality education knowledge in kindergarten teachers in rural areas of Sichuan and its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for sex education capacity improvement among rural teachers. Methods: With multi stage stratified cluster sampling method, 162 teachers selected from 16 rural kindergartens in rural areas of Sichuan Province to conduct questionnaires related to early childhood sex education. Results: The awereness of early childhood sex education foreskin care in rural areas in Sichuan was 73.8%. Knowledge regarding foreskin care(58.8%)", "the function of the family includes rest and entertainment functions(65.6%)", "girls need to clean the reproductive truets from the front to back (68.8%)". Multivariate non conditional Logistic regression analysis results showed that teaching experience>4 years(OR=4.16, 95%CI=1.74-9.98), notice of young children with sexual related behaviors(OR=2.97, 95%CI=1.19-7.40), the number of sources of sexual knowledge sources ≥5(OR=3.39, 95%CI=1.42-8.13) were associated with high awareness of preschool sex education knowledge. Conclusion The preschool sex education knowledge awareness among Sichuan rural kindergarten teachers needs to be improved. A variety of sex education channels should be constructed to encourage teachers, especially those who are newly employed, to acquire more relevant knowledge, pay attention to children’s sex related behaviors, and improve their ability in sex education.

Objective: To analyze the level of sex-related knowledge and behavior and related factors among children in senior grade of kindergarten in rural areas, and to provide the evidence for early childhood sexuality education. Methods: Multi-state stratified sampling method was adopted. From March to May 2019,a total of 324 students and their parents from 16 kindergartens of rural areas in Sichuan Province were enrolled, self-developed questionnaire was used to collect the basic demographic characteristics, information of sexuality education knowledge and sex-related behavior. Results: The average score of sexuality education knowledge was 5(4,6) point, and the awareness rate was 33.6%(109). The qualified sex-related behavior was observed in 75.0%(243 of all the children), while 25.0%(81) needed to be improved. Multivariate analysis showed that,compared with children were aware of the sexuality education knowledge, children who were unaware of the sexuality education knowledge were more likely to have good sex-related behavior, with the OR(95%CI) value was 2.06(1.14-3.72). The possibility of having good sex-related behavior among those children with more than 2 members in the family parents carring out sexuality education was higher than children without sexuality education in the family, with the OR(95%CI) value being 2.40(1.17-4.89). Conclusion The level of sexuality education knowledge among children in senior grade of kindergarten of rural areas in Sichuan is low, and most children s behavior needs to be improved. Children s awareness of sexuality education knowledge and the number of family members who have carried out sexuality education are related to the occurrence of children s sex-related behavior.