Objective To explore the association between cognitive function and non-traditional blood lipid parameters in patients with cerebral small vessel disease （CSVD）. Methods A prospective study was conducted among 376 CSVD patients who were treated in Dongfang Hospital，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，from July 2017 to August 2022. Blood samples were collected from all subjects in the morning after 12 hours of fasting to measure blood lipid parameters，and then non-traditional blood lipid parameters were calculated. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale，the patients were divided into cognitive impairment CSVD group and non-cognitive impairment CSVD group. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between non-traditional blood lipid parameters and cognitive function in CSVD patients，and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess their predictive value. Results A total of 376 CSVD patients were enrolled，among whom there were 250 patients with cognitive impairment and 126 patients without cognitive impairment. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TC/HDL-C （OR=1.454，95%CI 1.147-1.843，P=0.002） and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio （OR=1.457，95% CI 1.109-1.915，P=0.023） were independently associated with cognitive impairment in CSVD patients. The ROC curve analysis showed that TC/HDL-C ratio had an area under the ROC curve （AUC） of 0.606 （95%CI 0.547-0.665） in predicting cognitive impairment in CSVD patients，with a sensitivity of 0.560 and a specificity of 0.659； LDL-C/HDL-C ratio had an AUC 0.617 （95%CI 0.558-0.676） in predicting cognitive impairment，with a sensitivity of 0.552 and a specificity of 0.762； TC/HDL-C ratio combined with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio had an AUC of 0.776 （95%CI 0.726-0.825） in predicting cognitive impairment，with a sensitivity of 0.772 and a specificity of 0.667. Conclusion Increases in TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio are risk factors for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients and thus have a certain predictive value for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients，and the combination of these two ratios has a higher predictive value.

Objective: To explore the effects of protein powder on the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in blood and kidneys of rats and renal function change. Methods: Twenty-four rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the negative control group, PFASs group and protein powder group, with 8 rats (half males and half females) in each group. PFASs included 13 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 8 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), and the mixture was used as a test subject for intervention. The rats in the negative control group were given deionized water at doses of 20 mL/kg·bw, in the PFASs group were given 5 mL/kg·bw of PFASs mixtures and 15 mL/kg·bw of deionized water, and in the protein powder group were given 5 mL/kg·bw of PFASs mixtures and 15 mL/kg·bw of protein powder (0.258 g/mL). After intervention for 28 successive days, body weight and kidney mass were weighed, and the kidney volume index was calculated. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs contents were quantified in blood and kidney using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, and the bioavailability was estimated. Results: There was no significant differences in kidney mass, kidney volume index, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen among the negative control group, PFASs group and protein powder group (all P>0.05). The bioavailability of blood PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs in the protein powder group was not significantly different from the PFASs group (all P>0.05). Compared with the PFASs group, the bioavailability of PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs were significantly increased in kidneys of male rats in the protein powder group (all P<0.05), while were not significant different in those of female rats (all P>0.05). Conclusion Protein powder at the dose of this study can significantly improve the bioavailability of PFASs in kidneys of male rats, while there no obvious effects on the bioavailability of blood PFASs and renal function.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors on the prognosis for survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and to construct a nomogram for predicting the prognosis for survival.Methods:The research was designed as a retrospective study. The subjects were selected from advanced NSCLC patients who visited Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 and received ICIs. The clinical data of patients was extracted through the hospital diagnosis and treatment system. A Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis for survival in patients. Patients were randomly divided into the modeling group and validation group according to a ratio of 7∶3. Using R4.2.1 software, a nomogram was built, and its prediction performance was verified based on the bootstrap repeated sampling method. Patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to the nomogram. The overall survival (OS) of patients was described through Kaplan-Meier curve, and the difference between the 2 groups was compared using the log-rank test.Results:A total of 161 patients with advanced NSCLC were included in the analysis, with an age of (65±8.7) years. Among the 161 patients, 127 were male, 113 had a pathological classification of NSCLC as adenocarcinoma, 86 had an Eastern Coperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) score ≥2, and 113 had ICI combined with other treatments. By December 2022, 81 patients (50.3%) had experienced immune-related adverse events (irAEs), of which 14 had grade 3 or 4 irAEs and 15 had irAEs in multiple systems. Eighty-six patients died. Cox regression analysis showed that advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI)≥29.8 [hazard ratio ( HR)=0.48, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.28-0.85, P=0.011], ECOG PS score ≥2 ( HR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.21-3.90, P=0.009), and having irAEs ( HR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.76, P=0.005) were prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced NSCLC treated by ICIs. The nomogram was established based on factors of age, gender, ECOG PS score, irAEs, and ALI, and the total score of each patient was calculated. The patients were divided into the low-risk group (126 cases) and high-risk group (35 cases) according to the optimal cut-off value (183.82) of the receiver operator characteristic curve. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in OS between the 2 groups ( P<0.00 1). Conclusion:ALI, ECOG PS score, and irAEs are independent factors affecting the prognosis for survival in advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICIs, and the nomogram constructed based on multiple biological indicators can effectively predict patient prognosis for survival.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors on the prognosis for survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and to construct a nomogram for predicting the prognosis for survival.Methods:The research was designed as a retrospective study. The subjects were selected from advanced NSCLC patients who visited Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 and received ICIs. The clinical data of patients was extracted through the hospital diagnosis and treatment system. A Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis for survival in patients. Patients were randomly divided into the modeling group and validation group according to a ratio of 7∶3. Using R4.2.1 software, a nomogram was built, and its prediction performance was verified based on the bootstrap repeated sampling method. Patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to the nomogram. The overall survival (OS) of patients was described through Kaplan-Meier curve, and the difference between the 2 groups was compared using the log-rank test.Results:A total of 161 patients with advanced NSCLC were included in the analysis, with an age of (65±8.7) years. Among the 161 patients, 127 were male, 113 had a pathological classification of NSCLC as adenocarcinoma, 86 had an Eastern Coperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) score ≥2, and 113 had ICI combined with other treatments. By December 2022, 81 patients (50.3%) had experienced immune-related adverse events (irAEs), of which 14 had grade 3 or 4 irAEs and 15 had irAEs in multiple systems. Eighty-six patients died. Cox regression analysis showed that advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI)≥29.8 [hazard ratio ( HR)=0.48, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.28-0.85, P=0.011], ECOG PS score ≥2 ( HR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.21-3.90, P=0.009), and having irAEs ( HR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.76, P=0.005) were prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced NSCLC treated by ICIs. The nomogram was established based on factors of age, gender, ECOG PS score, irAEs, and ALI, and the total score of each patient was calculated. The patients were divided into the low-risk group (126 cases) and high-risk group (35 cases) according to the optimal cut-off value (183.82) of the receiver operator characteristic curve. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in OS between the 2 groups ( P<0.00 1). Conclusion:ALI, ECOG PS score, and irAEs are independent factors affecting the prognosis for survival in advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICIs, and the nomogram constructed based on multiple biological indicators can effectively predict patient prognosis for survival.

Stem cell transplantation has great potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the most widely studied. Studies have shown that BMSCs mainly perform their functions in a paracrine manner, and the exosomes released by BMSCs show biological activities similar to BMSCs. As a cell-free therapy, BMSCs exosomes have made a lot of progress in the field of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the research progress of BMSCs-derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

The traditional-immunological strategies for clinical laboratories often rely on large and expensive instruments and skilled operators, and the measurement time is also long. However, the sensitivity of these strategies is still unsatisfactory. It is urgent to research and develop the point-of-care testing (POCT) featured as a highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid/POCT diagnosis. The Microfluidic chips have multi-advantages that are suitable for the clinical POCT diagnosis: high sensitivity, throughput, and automation. Recently, the Microfluidic-immune chips developed based on the microfluidic technology combined with immune detection have considered not only hotspots in the related research but also benefit to the tumor marker detection, antigen and antibody detection of infectious diseases, autoantibody detection, hormone detection, and other fields. However, there are still many challenges to be overcome during the application of chips, such as more effective microfluidic manipulation, more sensitive collection, and analysis of reaction signals.

Objective To explore the application of multi-tableau format and continuous supervision on medication taking among middle age patients with primary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods A total of 472 patients with primary tuberculosis were averagely allocated into control group ( responsibility system of integrated nursing) and experimental group ( multi-tableau format and continuous supervision on medication based on nursing control group) from the begging of anti-TB treatment till to the end. The compliance and effect of treatment had been observed. Results There was no statistical significance for the percent of medication compliance after one month medication taking (P >0. 05). The cured rate, the compliance percentage of medication taking in 3 months and 6 months were 80. 51%, 86. 86% and 88. 98% in the experimental group better than 71. 61%, 78.81 and 64. 41 of the control group (U/χ2 =2. 564 5, 5. 380 1, 39. 874 6;P <0. 05). Conclusions Multi-tableau format and continuous supervision on medication taking can improve patient medication compliance and cure rate, so this method is worth of promotion in clinical.

In order to explore the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes of asthmatic rats and the relationship between PI-3K and activation of T lymphocytes, 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, asthmatic one-week group, asthmatic two-week group and asthmatic four-week group. T cells were purified from blood of each rat and the expression of PI-3K was observed by immunocytochemical fluorescence staining, the semiquantitative fluorescence intensity was measured by HPIAS-2000 analytic software, and the expression of IL-4 in supernatants was detected by ELISA. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of T lymphocytes in asthmatic groups was significantly higher than that in normal control (P<0.001), indicating that the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes of asthmatic rats was significantly higher than that in those of normal controls, and the difference between acute and chronic stage asthmatic groups was significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-4 protein in supernatants of asthmatic T lymphocytes were significantly higher than those in the normal controls (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes and the IL-4 protein expression in supernatants (r=0.583, P<0.01). It was suggested that PI-3K signal pathway may participate in the processes of activation and other cytological effects of asthmatic T lymphocytes, thus may play an important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.

In order to explore the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes of asthmatic rats and the relationship between PI-3K and activation of T lymphocytes, 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, asthmatic one-week group, asthmatic two-week group and asthmatic four-week group. T cells were purified from blood of each rat and the expression of PI-3K was observed by immunocytochemical fluorescence staining, the semiquantitative fluorescence intensity was measured by HPIAS-2000 analytic software, and the expression of IL-4 in supernatants was detected by ELISA. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of T lymphocytes in asthmatic groups was significantly higher than that in normal control (P＜0.001), indicating that the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes of asthmatic rats was significantly higher than that in those of normal controls, and the difference between acute and chronic stage asthmatic groups was significant (P＜0.05). The expression levels of IL-4 protein in supernatants of asthmatic T lymphocytes were significantly higher than those in the normal controls (P＜0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of PI-3K in T lymphocytes and the IL-4 protein expression in supernatants (r=0.583, P＜0.01). It was suggested that PI-3K signal pathway may participate in the processes of activation and other cytological effects of asthmatic T lymphocytes, thus may play an important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI features of giant cell tumors of the skull. Methods 8 cases of giant cell tumors of the skull proven surgically and pathologically were analyzed retrospectively. CT and MRI(6 cases with post contrast CT and 5 cases with post contrast MRI scans)were performed in all cases. All tumors were excised surgically. Two weeks later,all patients undertook postoperative radiotherapy with the dosage of 4 500-6 000 cGy for five to six weeks. Results CT scan showed bone destruction and calcification. Most of the tumours were well defined with low signal intensities on T1 WI images, T2 WI images showed ununiformity signal. The low signal on T1 WI was still low signal intensity on T2 WI which suggested calcification. All patients had no distinctive change within the follow up period. Conclusion CT is able to clearly show bone destruction and calcification. MRI is superior to CT in demonstrating the outlines of the tumours. CT and MRI are effective methods in the diagnosis of the giant cell tumors. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy are effective methods in the treatment of the giant cell tumors.