Objective:To investigate the prevalence of brucellosis patients combined with Mycobacterium tuberculosis( M. tuberculosis) and diagnostic efficiency of different tuberculosis immunological methods in screening brucellosis patients complicated with tuberculosis. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to collect medical records of hospitalized patients diagnosed with brucellosis in the Department of Infectious Diseases 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023, who had tuberculosis interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) examination records. The incidence of M. tuberculosis co-infection in brucellosis patients with different characteristics, as well as the diagnostic efficiency of different tuberculosis immunological methods were compared. Results:A total of 233 patients with brucellosis were included, and 63 patients with combined with M. tuberculosis infection were detected, with a combined M. tuberculosis infection rate of 27.0%. According to different characteristics, the incidence of M. tuberculosis co-infection in brucellosis patients aged > 45 years (31.9%, 52/163) was significantly higher than that in patients aged ≤45 years (15.7%, 11/70), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 6.51, P = 0.011). Among different tuberculosis immunological methods, the positive rates of IGRA, tuberculosis antibody and tuberculin skin test (TST) were 21.0% (49/233), 5.3% (12/226), and 4.9% (9/185), respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (χ 2 = 38.92, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The proportion of brucellosis patients combined with M. tuberculosis infection is relatively high, and middle-aged and elderly brucellosis patients are the key population for complicated infections. When screening brucellosis patients combined with M. tuberculosis infection, the diagnostic efficiency of IGRA is significantly better than that of tuberculosis antibody and TST testing.

Objective:To learn about the incidence of brucellosis in China from 2003 to 2024 and its ranking changes in the national notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, providing theoretical basis for improving brucellosis prevention and control strategies.Methods:Using retrospective analysis method, data on notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports from 2003 to 2024 were collected from the official websites of the National Health Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics, along with annual national population data. The number of brucellosis cases in each year was counted, the incidence rate was calculated, and its ranking in the annual notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports was determined to analyze ranking changes.Results:From 2003 to 2024, the annual reported cases of brucellosis in China were 6 448, 11 472, 18 416, 19 013, 19 721, 27 767, 35 816, 33 772, 38 151, 39 515, 43 486, 57 222, 56 989, 47 139, 38 554, 37 947, 44 036, 47 245, 69 767, 71 437, 70 439, and 67 418 cases, respectively. Among them, the lowest incidence rate in 2003 was lowest (0.50/100 000, national population: 1 292.27 million), and the incidence rate in 2022 was highest (5.06/100 000, national population: 1 411.75 million). The incidence rate in 2022 was 10.12 times that in 2003. From 2003 to 2024, the brucellosis incidence rate increased year by year (χ 2trend = 21 483.18, P < 0.001). From 2003 to 2005, the annual reported cases of brucellosis did not rank in the top 10 in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, ranking 12th, 17th, and 16th, respectively. From 2006 to 2024, it consistently ranked in the top 10, with the lowest rankings in 2006 and 2007 at 10th place, and the highest rankings in 2021 and 2023 at 5th place; In 2024, it ranked 6th place. Conclusions:From 2003 to 2024, the incidence rates in China have showed an increasing trend, with its ranking in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports gradually rises from 12th in 2003 to 6th in 2024. Healthcare professionals need to continue to pay attention to the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention and control of brucellosis.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of brucellosis patients combined with Mycobacterium tuberculosis( M. tuberculosis) and diagnostic efficiency of different tuberculosis immunological methods in screening brucellosis patients complicated with tuberculosis. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to collect medical records of hospitalized patients diagnosed with brucellosis in the Department of Infectious Diseases 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023, who had tuberculosis interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) examination records. The incidence of M. tuberculosis co-infection in brucellosis patients with different characteristics, as well as the diagnostic efficiency of different tuberculosis immunological methods were compared. Results:A total of 233 patients with brucellosis were included, and 63 patients with combined with M. tuberculosis infection were detected, with a combined M. tuberculosis infection rate of 27.0%. According to different characteristics, the incidence of M. tuberculosis co-infection in brucellosis patients aged > 45 years (31.9%, 52/163) was significantly higher than that in patients aged ≤45 years (15.7%, 11/70), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 6.51, P = 0.011). Among different tuberculosis immunological methods, the positive rates of IGRA, tuberculosis antibody and tuberculin skin test (TST) were 21.0% (49/233), 5.3% (12/226), and 4.9% (9/185), respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (χ 2 = 38.92, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The proportion of brucellosis patients combined with M. tuberculosis infection is relatively high, and middle-aged and elderly brucellosis patients are the key population for complicated infections. When screening brucellosis patients combined with M. tuberculosis infection, the diagnostic efficiency of IGRA is significantly better than that of tuberculosis antibody and TST testing.

Objective:To learn about the incidence of brucellosis in China from 2003 to 2024 and its ranking changes in the national notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, providing theoretical basis for improving brucellosis prevention and control strategies.Methods:Using retrospective analysis method, data on notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports from 2003 to 2024 were collected from the official websites of the National Health Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics, along with annual national population data. The number of brucellosis cases in each year was counted, the incidence rate was calculated, and its ranking in the annual notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports was determined to analyze ranking changes.Results:From 2003 to 2024, the annual reported cases of brucellosis in China were 6 448, 11 472, 18 416, 19 013, 19 721, 27 767, 35 816, 33 772, 38 151, 39 515, 43 486, 57 222, 56 989, 47 139, 38 554, 37 947, 44 036, 47 245, 69 767, 71 437, 70 439, and 67 418 cases, respectively. Among them, the lowest incidence rate in 2003 was lowest (0.50/100 000, national population: 1 292.27 million), and the incidence rate in 2022 was highest (5.06/100 000, national population: 1 411.75 million). The incidence rate in 2022 was 10.12 times that in 2003. From 2003 to 2024, the brucellosis incidence rate increased year by year (χ 2trend = 21 483.18, P < 0.001). From 2003 to 2005, the annual reported cases of brucellosis did not rank in the top 10 in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports, ranking 12th, 17th, and 16th, respectively. From 2006 to 2024, it consistently ranked in the top 10, with the lowest rankings in 2006 and 2007 at 10th place, and the highest rankings in 2021 and 2023 at 5th place; In 2024, it ranked 6th place. Conclusions:From 2003 to 2024, the incidence rates in China have showed an increasing trend, with its ranking in notifiable Class A and B infectious disease reports gradually rises from 12th in 2003 to 6th in 2024. Healthcare professionals need to continue to pay attention to the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention and control of brucellosis.

Bone defects caused by different causes such as trauma, severe bone infection and other factors are common in clinic and difficult to treat. Usually, bone substitutes are required for repair. Current bone grafting materials used clinically include autologous bones, allogeneic bones, xenografts, and synthetic materials, etc. Other than autologous bones, the major hurdles of rest bone grafts have various degrees of poor biological activity and lack of active ingredients to provide osteogenic impetus. Bone marrow contains various components such as stem cells and bioactive factors, which are contributive to osteogenesis. In response, the technique of bone marrow enrichment, based on the efficient utilization of components within bone marrow, has been risen, aiming to extract osteogenic cells and factors from bone marrow of patients and incorporate them into 3D scaffolds for fabricating bone grafts with high osteoinductivity. However, the scientific guidance and application specification are lacked with regard to the clinical scope, approach, safety and effectiveness. In this context, under the organization of Chinese Orthopedic Association, the Expert consensus for the clinical application of autologous bone marrow enrichment technique for bone repair ( version 2023) is formulated based on the evidence-based medicine. The consensus covers the topics of the characteristics, range of application, safety and application notes of the technique of autologous bone marrow enrichment and proposes corresponding recommendations, hoping to provide better guidance for clinical practice of the technique.

Infectious bone defect is bone defect with infection or as a result of treatment of bone infection. It requires surgical intervention, and the treatment processes are complex and long, which include bone infection control,bone defect repair and even complex soft tissue reconstructions in some cases. Failure to achieve the goals in any step may lead to the failure of the overall treatment. Therefore, infectious bone defect has been a worldwide challenge in the field of orthopedics. Conventionally, sequestrectomy, bone grafting, bone transport, and systemic/local antibiotic treatment are standard therapies. Radical debridement remains one of the cornerstones for the management of bone infection. However, the scale of debridement and the timing and method of bone defect reconstruction remain controversial. With the clinical application of induced membrane technique, effective infection control and rapid bone reconstruction have been achieved in the management of infectious bone defect. The induced membrane technique has attracted more interests and attention, but the lack of understanding the basic principles of infection control and technical details may hamper the clinical outcomes of induced membrane technique and complications can possibly occur. Therefore, the Chinese Orthopedic Association organized domestic orthopedic experts to formulate An evidence-based clinical guideline for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique ( version 2023) according to the evidence-based method and put forward recommendations on infectious bone defect from the aspects of precise diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, operation procedure, postoperative management and rehabilitation, so as to provide useful references for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique.

Objective: To study the constitutional features of diseases spectrum of inpatients with liver disease in infectious diseases department of three comprehensive hospitals to provide resource allocation proposition for the construction of Department of Infectious Diseases. Methods: Inpatients data were extracted from the department of infectious diseases of three comprehensive hospitals (Kunming General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Yuxi People's Hospital and Dali People's Hospital) between January 2010 to December 2015, and were retrospectively analyzed. The distribution of patients with viral hepatitis (A, B, C, E) and severe liver disease (Severe hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer) was further analyzed in hospitalized patients. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. A chi-squared test was used for comparison between groups. The change trends of disease constituent ratio in different years were checked by 2 test. Results: Liver disease, tuberculosis and AIDS were the three common diseases of three comprehensive hospitals in Yunnan, accounting for 58.61% of all admissions. However, an inpatients with liver diseases (17.25%, 3555/20606, 95% CI 16.73%-17.77%) were significantly lower than tuberculosis inpatients (33.98%, 7002/20606, 95% CI 33.34%-34.62%). An observations from different hospitals and at different time points showed that the proportion of patients with liver disease was lower than that of tuberculosis patients. The proportion of inpatients with HBV infection showed a downward trend (P < 0.001), whereas the proportions of inpatients with HCV and severe liver diseases showed an increased trend over time (P < 0.001). Conclusion The proportion of inpatients with liver diseases was lower than tuberculosis inpatients in the Department of Infectious Diseases of three comprehensive hospitals. Hence, the paucity of the disease spectrum should be considered for resource allocation in the construction of infectious disease department.

Tuberculosis patients with positive antibody to hepatitis C virus (TB-HCV patients) are often seen in clinical practice, and these TB-HCV patients include those with HCV infection. That makes the clinical management and diagnosis/treatment of TB-HCV difficult. This article introduces the prevalence of TB-HCV around the world, and analyzes the potential issues in the diagnosis and treatment of TB-HCV patients, such as drug-drug interactions, drug-induced liver injury, HCV reactivation, and TB reactivation. Through this review, it is recommended that the management should be strengthened and the appropriate therapeutic regimen should be selected in the diagnosis and treatment of TB-HCV patients.

Patients with abnormal renal function complicated by positive HBV serum markers are commonly seen in clinical practice,with a variety of diseases involved,such as patients with nephropathy complicated by HBV infection (including acute and chronic HBV infection) and those with chronic HBV infection complicated by renal injury (such as HBV - related nephropathy,hepatorenal syndrome,Fanconi syn-drome,and renal injury induced by interferon therapy). This article elaborates on how to analyze the association between nephrology and HBV infection in clinical practice and points out that clinicians should improve the antiviral therapy for such patients and develop monitoring and management measures.

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine mainly secreted by activated CD4+ T cells and natural killer T cells and has multiple effects.It is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses.Recent studies have shown that IL-21 can promote functional activation of various immune cells in the process of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,and the gene polymorphisms of IL-21 is associated with the susceptibility to HBV.In addition,the expression of IL-21 is closely associated with HV genotype,HBV clearance,HBeAg seroconversion,HBV-related liver cirrhosis,liver failure,liver cancer,and autoimmune disease.This article reviews the research advances in clinical trials with reference to the aspects above.