[Objective]To discuss the pathogenesis,hierarchy,treatment and medication rules of deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.[Methods]Combining with the medical theory of later physicians,this paper clarifies the pathogenesis and syndrome of deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome,explains the mechanism of Yang deficiency and Yin excess syndrome from the perspective of pathophysiology.This paper also analyzes the differences among the various versions of the text of the Shaoyin Chapter including the variations in disease location,the pathogen nature,stomach Qi and body fluid,and inducts the implicit therapeutic principles in the Shaoyin Chapter.[Results]The principle of differentiation and treatment for deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome is"protecting stomach Qi and preserving body fluids",which can be subdivided into Taiyin damp earth disease,Shaoyin monarch fire disease,and Jueyin wind wood disease.Through careful observation,questioning,smelling and palpation,combined with the pathological and physiological basis of modern medicine,it can accurately diagnose deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome.Shaoyin plays a crucial role in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.The structure of the Shaoyin Chapter is well-organized and can dynamically reflect the changes in the pathogenesis of Shaoyin syndrome,the combination of Shaoyin and Taiyin or Jueyin,or the tri-coordination syndrome of these location.From the text,it can be inferred that the location of the disease begins on the surface and gradually extends to the interior.The treatment methods will include moxibustion,warming the meridians,warming Yang and dredging Yang.The severity of the illness and the presence of phlegm-fluid determine the treatment,which may involve dispersing cold,dispersing fluids,and promoting urination.The degree of exhaustion of bodily fluids may require either reviving Yang for resuscitation or nourishing Yin.[Conclusion]From a pathological and physiological perspective,the mechanisms behind the changes in the primary symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine can be explained.When treating deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome,the selection of herbal prescriptions should be based on factors such as the disease location,the pathogen nature,stomach Qi and body fluids.The treatment principles for deficiency of Yang with hyperactivity of Yin syndrome have instructive significance for the treatment of other syndromes as well.

The"lipid nephrotoxicity"hypothesis introduces the lipid metabolism disorders into the field of kidney disease research.Fatty acids as important components of lipids can be ectopic deposition in various cells of the kidney in pathological status,and are involved in the occurrence and progression of acute kidney in-jury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD).The mechanism of abnormal fatty acid metabolism in tubular epithelial cells(TEC)and its function change are closely associated with kidney injury.This article summa-rized the relationship between fatty acid metabolism in TEC with AKI and CKD,elaborated the specific mech-anism of fatty acid metabolism disorders leading to TEC injury,and discussed the treatment strategies based on regulating fatty acid metabolism disorders to improve kidney injury.

The structure of N-glycans on specific proteins can regulate innate and adaptive immunity via sensing environmental signals. Meanwhile, the structural diversity of N-glycans poses analytical challenges that limit the exploration of specific glycosylation functions. In this work, we used THP-1-derived macrophages as examples to show the vast potential of a N-glycan structural interpretation tool StrucGP in N-glycoproteomic analysis. The intact glycopeptides of macrophages were enriched and analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomic approaches, followed by the large-scale mapping of site-specific glycan structures via StrucGP. Results revealed that bisected GlcNAc, core fucosylated, and sialylated glycans (e.g., HexNAc₄Hex₅Fuc₁Neu5Ac₁, N₄H₅F₁S₁) were increased in M1 and M2 macrophages, especially in the latter. The findings indicated that these structures may be closely related to macrophage polarization. In addition, a high level of glycosylated PD-L1 was observed in M1 macrophages, and the LacNAc moiety was detected at Asn-192 and Asn-200 of PD-L1, and Asn-200 contained Lewis epitopes. The precision structural interpretation of site-specific glycans and subsequent intervention of target glycoproteins and related glycosyltransferases are of great value for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for different diseases.
Humans ; B7-H1 Antigen ; Glycosylation ; Polysaccharides/metabolism*

Macrophages are widely distributed immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis. Human THP-1 cells have been widely used in various macrophage-associated studies, especially those involving pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. However, the molecular characterization of four M2 subtypes (M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d) derived from THP-1 has not been fully investigated. In this study, we systematically analyzed the protein expression profiles of human THP-1-derived macrophages (M0, M1, M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d) using quantitative proteomics approaches. The commonly and specially regulated proteins of the four M2 subtypes and their potential biological functions were further investigated. The results showed that M2a and M2b, and M2c and M2d have very similar protein expression profiles. These data could serve as an important resource for studies of macrophages using THP-1 cells, and provide a reference to distinguish different M2 subtypes in macrophage-associated diseases for subsequent clinical research.
Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Phenotype ; Proteomics ; THP-1 Cells

The etiology of melasma is complicated. Although there are many treatment methods for melasma at present, no definite or satisfactory efficacy has been achieved. In recent years, good therapeutic outcomes have been achieved in the treatment of melasma with intense pulsed light. This review summarizes the progress in the treatment of melasma with intense pulsed light alone or in combination with various lasers, external drugs and systemic drugs in recent years.

Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of NF-κB in oral squamous cell carcinoma and paracancerous tissues. Methods: Cancerous and paracancerous tissues about 5 mm outside the tumor boundary were cut from 47 patients with OSCC. NF-κB expression in these tissues were detected by the immunohistochemical SP method and compared with that in 32 normal oral mucosa tissues. Results : The average optical density (OD value) of immunohistochemical-positive cells in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues was higher than that in normal tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the OD values between cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues (P=0.356). The rate of NF-κB positive expression in cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of NF-κB positive expression between cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues (P=0.117), but the rate of moderate-to-strong positive expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues (P < 0.001). Conclusion NF-κB may be involved in the development of OSCC.

Amyloidosis of salivary glands is a rare disease. The case of a 62-year-old male patient with 20 years of progressive swelling of the floor of the mouth and raising of the tongue that impacted the swallowing, phonation, and tongue movement of the patient is reported in this paper. Clinical examination revealed a large mass in the floor of the mouth. The lip and cheek mucosae had a considerable number of hard, soybean-sized, light-yellow nodules. The surgical removal of the mass under and in front of the tongue was performed. A pathology examination and Congo red staining confirmed the diagnosis of amyloidosis of the submandibular glands and sublingual glands. No recurrence was observed after 5 years of follow-up. The literature on the relevant problems was reviewed.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of dissection in the upper part of parotid gland benign tumor using a tragus edge combined retroauticular hairline incision approach. Methods: 20 cases of upper part of parotid gland benign tumor were resected using the tragus edge combined retroauticular hairline incision approach, the surgery and cosmetic effect were analyzed. Results: Parotid gland tumors were checked by CT before the operation and diagnosed by frozen section analysis during the operation. The tumors were successfully complete resected in all cases. There were no complications of Frey’s syndrome, postoperative bleeding, and flap necrosis, 2 cases showed a temporary earlobe numbness, 1 case of temporary facial nerve paralysis and 1 case of salivary fistula. There were no tumor recurrence after 24 ~ 48 months followed up. Surgical incision cosmetic effect is satisfactory. Conclusion The tragus edge combined retroauticular hairline incision is safe and feasible, with less complications for the upper part of parotid gland benign tumor resecetion.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the intervention efficacy of lamivudine on liver dysfunction in patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with chronic hepatitis B.
 METHODS: Corresponding data were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Database with randomly controlled trials regarding the chronic hepatitis B and tuberculosis by lamivudine. Statistical analysis was performed by Meta-analysis using Stata11.0.
 RESULTS: Fifteen randomly controlled trials including 967 chronic hepatitis B and tuberculosis cases met the inclusion criteria (564 cases in observation group and 403 cases in control group). Meta-analysis showed that the values of ALT, AST, TBIL and HBV-DNA load in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. The values of standardized mean difference (95% CI) were -2.58 (-3.55, -1.60), -2.43 (-3.33, -1.54), -1.56 (-2.18, -0.94) and -6.91 (-8.90, -4.92), while the combined effect of OR values for liver damage was 0.11 (0.06, 0.19). There were significant differences in the combined effect of each value between the two groups (P<0.05).
 CONCLUSION The intervention efficacy of lamivudine on liver dysfunction in patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with chronic hepatitis B patients was good, which can reduce hepatitis B viral load levels.
Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications ; drug therapy ; Viral Load

Objective To analyse effect of Wendan Tang adjuvant therapy on serum immune antibodies and efficacy in patients with phlegm dampness infertility.Methods 52 patients who were diagnosed with phlegm dampness infertility were collected.All patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 26 cases in each group.Patients in control group received treatment with clomifene citrate capsules, patients in experimental group were given Wendan Tang treatment on the basis of control group treatment, after the treatment, the serum levels of Sp17Ab, AcrAb and treatment effect were detected in all patients.Results After treatment, compared with control group, the serum level of Sp17Ab was lower in experimental group(P<0.05); the serum level of AcrAb was lower in experimental group(P<0.05); the pregnancy rate was higher in experimental group(P<0.05).Conclusion The Wendan Tang adjuvant therapy can significantly reduce the serum levels of Sp17Ab and AcrAb in patients with phlegm dampness infertility,improve the pregnancy rate, improve the treatment effect.