Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Colony Stimulating Factor-1(CSF1)inhibits apoptosis in neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD).Methods Primary rat cortical neurons were divided into the OGD damaged neuron model group(OGD group),the rh-CSF1 intervention group(rh-CSF1 group),and control group.The sample size for each group was 3.After intervention with recombinant human CSF1(rh-CSF1),neuronal apoptosis rate and intracellular ATP content,reactive oxygen species levels,mitochondrial membrane potential,and mitochondrial DNA copy number were measured.The content of malondialdehyde within mitochondria and the activity of superoxide dismutase were also assessed.Results Intervention with rh-CSF1 increased mitochondrial membrane potential(0.55±0.03 vs.0.43±0.06,P<0.01),mitochondrial DNA copy number(0.88±0.05 vs.0.72±0.06,P<0.05),ATP content[(15.70±0.99)mmol/mg vs.(11.70±1.00)mmol/mg,P<0.01)],and superoxide dismutase[(18.47±1.38)U/mg vs.(14.78±1.81)U/mg,P<0.05)]activity in neurons injured by OGD.It also reduced levels of rectivereactive oxygen species(3.64±0.21 vs.4.45±0.33,P<0.05)and malondialdehyde within mitochondria[(2.13±0.19)mmol/mg vs.(2.78±0.20)mmol/mg,P<0.05)],and inhibited neuronal apoptosis(10.12±0.78 vs.17.04±1.23,P<0.01)Conclusion rh-CSF1 may alleviate the damage in neurons induced by OGD by improving mitochondrial function,reducing oxidative stress,and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Purpose To investigate the effect of MYD88 gene overexpression on the proliferation and apoptosis of human diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)cells,and to prelimi-narily explore the mechanism of MYD88 gene action.Methods PEGFP-C2-MYD88 overexpressing MYD88 L265P gene was transfected into DLBCL cells by plasmid transfection.The exper-iment was divided into blank control group,negative control group and MYD88 L265P overexpression group.The fluores-cence expression of MYD88 L265P after overexpression was ob-served under inverted fluorescence microscope.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expres-sion of MYD88 L265P,IRAK4,NF-κB and BCL2 in DLBCL cells before and after overexpression of MYD88 L265.CCK8 method was used to detect DLBCL cells proliferation and Ho-echst staining was used to detect DLBCL cells apoptosis.Re-sults After overexpression of MYD88 L265P,compared with the blank control group(0.670 4±0.017 5)and the negative control group(0.715 3±0.019 6),the MYD88L265P overex-pression group(1.157 2±0.010 2)increased significantly,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05).After overexpression of MYD88 L265P,compared with the blank control group(0.69 ±0.04)and the negative control group(0.81±0.07),the MYD88L265P overexpression group(0.48±0.05)was signifi-cantly decreased,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05).After overexpression of MYD88 L265P,compared with the blank control group(mRNA:1.0158±0.0115,0.987 3±0.010 2,1.007 6±0.015 3,protein:0.183 4±0.058 9,0.096 8± 0.015 7,0.147 5±0.0418)and negative control group(mR-NA:0.9132±0.0098,1.0032±0.0156,0.9327± 0.011 2,protein:0.187 9±0.042 3,0.088 9±0.0513,0.134 8±0.050 1),the mRNA(3.243 2±0.013 6,2.976 6 ±0.0213,1.585 9±0.019 8)and protein expressions(0.452 7±0.052 4,0.218 9±0.047 5,0.301 4±0.059 8)of IRAK4,NF-κB and anti-apoptosis protein BCL2 in MYD88L265P overexpression group were significantly increased,which was statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion After overexpression of MYD88 L265P,the apoptosis rate of DLBCL cells decreased and the cell proliferation rate increased.The mechanism may be related to the mutation of MYD88 L265P gene,activation and amplification of NF-κB pathway,and pro-motion of the overexpression of antiapoptotic protein BCL2.

Fragile X syndrome(FXS)is caused by abnormal duplication and amplification of the FMR1 gene CGG.This article reports a pair of brothers diagnosed with FXS by genetic testing.Two patients,aged 15 and 14 years old respectively,both had clinical manifestations such as language disorders,intellectual disabilities,attention deficit disorder,autism spectrum disorder,and FXS's characteristic facial features.The proband had a rare late-onset epileptic seizure,which was well treated with levetiracetam,while his younger brother had no electroencephalogram abnormalities after repeated follow-up.This pair of cases suggests that the clinical phenotype of FXS has diversity and heterogeneity.

Objective:To automatically synthesize Al 18F-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, perform PET/CT imaging in vivo, and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy on tumors. Methods:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was produced in All-in-one automatic synthesis module and its quality control was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a radioactive detector. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging was performed in normal BALB/c mice ( n=3) and 4T1 breast cancer models ( n=3) to determine its biodistribution. Then Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were performed in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient (male, 51 years old). Results:The synthesis time of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was about 35 min, and the radiochemical yield was (25.2±1.9)% (attenuation correction, n=3). The product was colorless transparent solution with pH value of 7.0-7.5, and the specific activity was (46.11±3.07) GBq/μmol (attenuation correction, n=3). The radiochemical purity was above 99.0% and was still above 98.0% at room temperature after 6 h. PET/CT imaging in mice showed that physiological uptake of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was mainly in biliary system and bladder, and Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 highly concentrated in tumor xenografts. PET/CT imaging in the patient showed that Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 obtained high tumor background ratio (TBR) values of 4.1, 8.9, 5.4, 4.8, 2.2 in parasternal lymph nodes, anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes, hilar lymph nodes, pancreaticoduodenal ligament lymph nodes, abdominal aortic lymph nodes, respectively, while TBR values were 1.0, 2.8, 5.0, 2.1, 1.1 by 18F-FDG. Conclusions:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 can be synthesized with short time, high radiochemical yield and good stability using All-in-one module. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging has high contrast and excellent diagnostic efficacy on tumors.

Objective:The investigation and research on the application status of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) is very important to understand the real situation and future development of this technology in China.Methods:This study comprehensively investigated the basic situation of HVPG technology in China, including hospital distribution, hospital level, annual number of cases, catheters used, average cost, indications and existing problems.Results:According to the survey, there were 70 hospitals in China carrying out HVPG technology in 2021, distributed in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central Government). A total of 4 398 cases of HVPG were performed in all the surveyed hospitals in 2021, of which 2 291 cases (52.1%) were tested by HVPG alone. The average cost of HVPG detection was (5 617.2±2 079.4) yuan. 96.3% of the teams completed HVPG detection with balloon method, and most of the teams used thrombectomy balloon catheter (80.3%).Conclusion:Through this investigation, the status of domestic clinical application of HVPG has been clarified, and it has been confirmed that many domestic medical institutions have mastered this technology, but it still needs to continue to promote and popularize HVPG technology in the future.

Objective To examine the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with Tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) combined with mild hypothermia therapy on patients with acute cerebral infarction and further investigate under?lying mechanism for the treatment of cerebral infarction. Methods Sixty cases of cerebral infarction patients were random?ly divided into three groups with 20 patients in each group:①The control group was given rt-PA intravenous thromboly?sis;②The treatment group 1:intravenous thrombolytic therapy combined with local mild hypothermia treatment for 12 h;③The treatment group 2:intravenous thrombolytic therapy and local mild hypothermia in the treatment of 24 h. We col?lected NIHSS score before and after thrombolytic therapy, patient monitoring (ICP) changes during thrombolytic therapy, March (MRS) score and complications during follow-up after thrombolysis, The serum levels of SOD and MDA were as? sessed before and after thrombolytic therapy. Results NIHSS score was lower in both treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 than in the control group (P<0.05) at 72 h, 7 d, 14 d after thrombolysis. MRS was lower in both treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 than in the control group (P<0.05) at 3 months after thrombolytic therapy. MRS were lower in treat?ment group 2 than in the treatment group 1 (P<0.05). ICP in treatment group 1 and the concentration of MDA in treat?ment group 2 were lower, compared with control group (P<0.05) at 24 h, 72 h and 7 d after thrombolysis. ICP was lower in treatment group 2 than treatment group 1 at 7d after thrombolysis. The concentration of SOD was higher in treatment groups than in control group (P<0.05) at 24, 72 h and 7d after thrombolysis. ICP and MDA concentration were lower in treatment group 2 than in treatment group 1(P<0.05) at 72h and 7d after thrombolysis. The concentration of SOD was higher in treatment group 2 than in the treatment group 1 at 7 d after thrombolysis (P<0.05). There was no significant dif?ference in adverse events and mortality among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis combined with mild hypothermia treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction without increasing the inci?dence of adverse reactions. In addition, thrombolysis combined with mild hypothermia 24 h has better effect than with mild hypothermia 12 h. The beneficial effects may be accomplished by reducing oxidative stress reaction.

Objective To provide a powerful and conclusive result for the association between the GGN polymorphic repeats in androgen receptor (AR)gene and prostate cancer (PCa)risk.Methods CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,PubMed/Medline,Embase and The Cochrance Library electronic database were used to retrieve the eligible publications addressing the association between the AR gene GGN polymorphic repeats and prostate cancer risk.16 GGN polymorphism repeats were used as cut off value,meta-analysis was ap-plied to the study on the association between the length of polymorphism repeats and prostate cancer risk.Results 9 cases of con-trol studies were included in this meta-analysis and a total of 2 438 cases and 1 968 controls were included.People with ≤16 GGN polymorphism repeats displayed a higher risk of prostate cancer(OR =1.15,95%CI :1.00 -1.31,P =0.04).Conclusion ≤16 GGN polymorphism repeats polymorphism associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of transient plateau factor on acute lung injury induced by phosgene poisoning in rabbits.Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,aged 2.0-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),plateau factor group (group H),phosgene poisoning group (group P),and phosgene poisoning and plateau factor group (group HP).In group H,the rabbits were exposed to a simulated altitude of 33000 m for 2 h.In group P,the rabbits were exposed to phosgene for 3 min only.In group HP,the rabbits were exposed to phosgene for 33 min and then to a simulated altitude of 3000 m for 2 h.Respiratory rate (RR) was recorded and blood samples were taken before exposure to phosgene (T1),after exposure to phosgene (T2),and at 0,1 and 6 h after onset of exposure to a simulated altitude of 33000 m (T3-5) for determination of PaO2 and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated.The chests were opened at T5 and lungs removed for determination of lung water content (LC) and for microscopic examination.Lung coefficient (LC) was calculated.Results Compared with C group,RR was significantly increased at T3 in group H (P ＜ 0.05),and RR was increased and OI was decreased at T2-5 in P and HP groups (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with P group,RR was increased and OI was decreased at T3-5 in HP group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).LW and LC were significantly higher in P and HP groups than in group C,and in HP group than in group P (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The microscopic examination showed that pathological changes were observed in P and HP groups,however,the changes were severer in HP group.Conclusion Transient plateau factor can obviously aggravate the degree of acute lung injury induced by phosgene poisoning in rabbits.

Objective To investigate the architectural features of temporalis and offer anatomic basis for the clinical application . Methods In eight cadavers ,the gross anatomy ,muscular architecture study of temporalis were performed on anterior ,middle and posterior portion .Results The wet muscle weight of the above portions was (13 .17 ± 3 .41) ,(12 .30 ± 3 .59) ,(9 .68 ± 2 .50)g ;their muscle length was (91 .28 ± 5 .93) ,(100 .15 ± 3 .64) ,(110 .53 ± 6 .18)mm ;and their physiological cross-sectional area in muscle was (485 .90 ± 124 .36) ,(396 .59 ± 110 .05) ,(313 .31 ± 75 .72)mm2 ,respectively .Conclusion These results indicated that the anterior portion of temporalis muscle is designed for tension production ,but the posterior and middle for velocity production .Posterior and middle portion of temporalis muscle could quantifying transfer for the dynamic correction of facial paralysis according to the physio-logical cross-sectional area .

Objective To study the feasibility, safety and clinical effects of spleen and splenic vessel-preserving distal pancreatectomy. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 26 patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for benign or low grade malignant disease with splenectomy (n = 13) or splenic preservation (n = 13 ) at the First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong General Hospital from May 2002 to April 2009. Results All 26 pancreatectomy with splenectomy or splenic preservation were performed successfully. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in average operative time[(172±47) min vs. (157±52) min, P ＞ 0.05 ], intraoperative estimated blood loss [( 183 ± 68 ) ml vs. ( 160 ± 51 ) ml, P ＞ 0.05 ], incidence of noninfectious and infection complication and postoperative hospital stay [(10.1±2.2) d vs. ( 12. 1 ± 4. 6 ) d, P ＞ 0.05 ]. The platelet counts examined one week after operation were significantly higher in the distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy group than that in spleen-preserving group [(37.3 ± 12.8)×109/L vs. (54.7 ± 13.2) × 109/L, P＜0.05 ]. Conclusions Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy appears to be a feasible and safe procedure in selected cases of benign or low-grade pancreatic malignant disease necessitating a distal pancreatectomy.