OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Phellodendron amurense polysaccharides （PAP） on improving gouty nephropathy （GN） in rats， and to investigate its mechanism primarily by interfering the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）/nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）/tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）. METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal group （water）， model group （water）， allopurinol group （positive control， 20 mg/kg）， PAP high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups （100， 50， 25 mg/kg， by raw material） after being stratified by body weight， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the other groups were induced to construct GN model by giving 1 500 mg/kg potassium oxazinate and 100 mg/kg adenine intragastrically for 14 days. After modeling， the rats in each group were given relevant medicine/water intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 28 days. After the last medication， the levels of biochemical parameters related to renal function [uric acid， creatinine （Cr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， xanthine oxidase （XOD）] were detected in rats， and the histopathological changes in the rat kidney were observed. The protein expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1），TNF-α and interleukin-6（IL-6） as well as the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 protein were determined in renal tissue of rats. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the model group suffered from the dilatation of renal tubules， structural damage to glomeruli， accompanied by inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis； the contents of uric acid， Cr， BUN and XOD， the protein expressions of MCP-1，TNF-α and IL-6 and the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 protein were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the pathological symptoms of renal tissue in rats had been improved to varying degrees in different dose groups of PAP； the contents of uric acid， Cr， BUN and XOD， protein expressions of MCP-1， TNF-α and IL-6， the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 protein in PAP high-dose and PAP medium-dose groups were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS PAP exhibits an anti-GN effect， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the p38 MAPK/NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathway.

Objective To establish a stable rat model of non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with clinical characteristics.Methods Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)was used to establish a PCOS rat model by subcutaneous injection.Three-week-old female SD rats were divided into a normal group,6 mg/kg DHEA model group,and 60 mg/kg DHEA model group.The model groups were subcutaneously injected with the corresponding dose of DHEA daily,while the normal group was subcutaneously injected with glycerol daily for 21 consecutive days.The model was evaluated with ovarian histopathology as the gold standard to determine the optimal dosage of DHEA to induce a PCOS rat model.On this basis,the optimal DHEA modeling dose was selected,and stop and continue modeling groups were set up to observe the model for 28 days and evaluate its maintenance.The stop modeling group was no longer given DHEA,and the continued modeling group was subcutaneously injected with 60 mg/kg DHEA every 48 h.The evaluation indicators included body mass,estrous cycle,fasting blood glucose,serum insulin,histopathologic morphology of the ovaries,and serum sex hormone levels.Results(1)Compared with the normal group,the 6 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg DHEA model groups showed no significant difference in body mass,and their estrous cycles were irregular.There were more cystically dilated large follicles in the ovaries;fewer mature follicles;reduced layers of granulosa cells,which were arranged in a sparse and disorganized manner;and fewer lutea in the 6 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg DHEA model groups than the normal group.Furthermore,serum T and E2 levels were significantly higher in the 60 mg/kg DHEA model group(P＜0.05)than the normal group.(2)The stop modeling group(A2 group)resumed regular estrous cycles after 2 weeks,various growth follicles and corpora lutea were observed in the ovarian tissues,the number of cystic follicles was reduced,the number of granulosa cell layers increased,mature follicles were visible,oocyte morphology was locally intact,and the levels of E2 and AMH were reduced compared with the normal group(A1 group)(P＜0.05).(3)The continue model group(B2 group)was in the late stage of estrous cycle for a long period,and there were more large follicles with cystic dilatation,fewer mature follicles,fewer layers of granulosa cells with a sparse and disordered arrangement,and significantly fewer corpus lutea in the ovaries compared with the normal group(B1 group).The levels of serum LH,LH/FSH,and T were elevated(P＜0.05).Conclusions Subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg DHEA for 21 consecutive days can be used to successfully construct a non-obese PCOS rat model that possesses clinical characteristics.Subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg DHEA every 48 hours maintains the stability of the model.

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between porcine epidemic diar-rhea virus(PEDV)S1 IgG antibody levels and neutralizing antibody potency in sow sera.Sera from 5 PEDV-infected farms with a clear immune background,5 non-infected farms and 5 infected farms with an unclear immune background,and sera from return-fed reserve pigs,totaling 716 copies,were collected and measured,and the correlation between PEDV S1 IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies was analyzed.The results showed that the PEDV S1 IgG and neutralizing antibodies of sow sera showed highly significant positive correlation,the correlation coefficient was 0.892(P＜0.000 1).Previous studies have shown that the level of PEDV neutralizing antibodies in sow serum correlates with the ability of piglets'maternal antibodies to resist PEDV infection.Therefore,the a-bility of maternal antibodies against PEDV in piglets can be evaluated by detecting PEDV S1 IgG antibodies in the serum of sows.In 10 PEDV-infected farms,the neutralizing antibodies to PEDV in the sera of sows after immunization were generally high,and the S1 IgG antibodies were also high,and their S/P values were higher than 3.5 in 66.9％of the farms(347/519),and the highest anti-body levels were found in the four farms in which PED did not occur,whereas the neutralizing an-tibodies in the immunized sows in the five PEDV-uninfected farms were generally low,and their S1 IgG antibodies were also low,and only 8.1％(13/161)having S/P values higher than 3.5.The re-sults suggest that most sows in PEDV-infected farms can provide good immunoprotection to pig-lets after immunization,while pigs in PEDV-uninfected farms need further immunization if they need to achieve a higher level of immunoprotection.The present study provides a substantial clini-cal basis for the use of PEDV S1 IgG antibody levels to assess the effectiveness of PEDV antibody protection in swine herds.

The aim of this study is to establish a simple and accurate method for vaccine immune e-valuation of porcine pseudorabies virus.In this research,PRV-gD recombinant protein was ex-pressed from mammalian cell HEK-293F as coating antigen,and then the reaction conditions of gD-iELISA were optimized according to checkerboard titration method.The gD-iELISA was used to detect the antibody levels of 211 clinical pig serum samples and the consistency with the neu-tralizing antibody levels wasanalyzed.The results showed that the antigen coating concentration was 0.90 mg/L;the serum to be detected was diluted 1∶100 and incubated at 37 ℃ for 30 min;goat anti-pig IgG-HRP antibody was diluted 1∶55 000 and incubated at 37 ℃ for 30 min;TMB sub-strate was developed at 37 ℃ for 20 min.The method could detect 1∶6 400 diluted PRV positive serum.The results of CSFV,PRRSV,PCV-2,PEDV and FMDV positive sera were all negative by gD-iELISA,and there was no cross-reaction between the method and the above positive sera.The coincidence rate of gD-iELISA and commercial kits was 95.26％,and the intra-and inter-batch co-efficients of variation were both less than 10％.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient(r)between gD antibody level and neutralizing antibody level was significantly greater than that of gB antibody level,and the gD antibody level had a good linear relationship with the neutralizing antibody level.The results indicated that gD-iELISA was more suitable for vaccine im-mune evaluation of PRV than gB-iELISA.Therefore,the method will have a good prospect of ap-plication in the immunization control of the PRV.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly will seriously reduce their quality of life and life expectancy. For osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, spinal reconstruction is necessary, which should comprehensively consider factors such as the physical condition, fracture type, clinical characteristics and osteoporosis degree. While there lacks relevant clinical norms or guidelines on selection of spinal reconstruction strategies. In order to standardize the concept of spinal reconstruction for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, based on the principles of scientificity, practicality and progressiveness, the authors formulated the Clinical guideline for spinal reconstruction of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in elderly patients ( version 2022), in which suggestions based on evidence of evidence-based medicine were put forward upon 10 important issues related to the fracture classification, non-operative treatment strategies and surgical treatment strategies in spinal reconstruction after osteoporosis thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, hoping to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Objective:Through histological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, electrophysiological detection and Sensory and motor function evaluation to investigate the effects of 3D printed hydrogel scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in promoting functional recovery of spinal cord injury.Methods:10% GelMA hydrogel and 10 6 U stem cell suspension were prepared into bioink of appropriate concentration to construct the biomimetic spinal cord scaffold through 3D printing platform. The scaffold was placed in the medium and cultured in an environment of 37 ℃ CO 2 incubator. The microstructure of the scaffolds and the distribution of BMSC in the scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscope. CAM/PI staining and confocal microscopy were used to observe the survival of stem cells in the scaffolds and determine the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of the back of rats, and the subcutaneous tissues were determined by HE staining to detect the immunogenicity of the scaffolds. After the rat model of hemicytoma defect was made, stents were transplanted for treatment, and confocal microscopy was used to evaluate the regeneration of neurons and axons in local area of spinal cord injury. At the same time, BBB score was used to evaluate motor function, mechanical pain score was used to evaluate sensory function, and surface electrode detection method was used to evaluate electrophysiological recovery weekly. Results:The long spindle shaped BSMC were uniformly distributed in the scaffold with a loose reticular structure. The scaffolds had good biocompatibility, and the cell survival rate of the prepared scaffolds reached 96% after 24 hours of printing. After 28 days of subcutaneous transplantation, the immune rejection was mild and immunogenicity was low. It was shown that the regenerated spinal cord tissue in the treatment group was significantly increased compared with the control group, which was widely distributed with cells after 28 days by HE staining. It was confirmed that part of the regenerated spinal cord tissue was neurons by immunohistochemical staining.Compared with the injured group, the regeneration of neurons and axons in the treatment group were significantly increased by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. In the treatment group, the BBB score recovered to 10 points, while the control group only recovered to about 1 point in the first week, which was statistically significant. And it recovered to 17 in the fourth week, while the control group only recovered to about 4 point in the four week, which was statistically significant. The Angle of inclined plate support of the treatment group was restored to 40 degrees, while it was only restored to 22 degrees in the control group. The pain threshold of the treatment group decreased to 18.5 points, which was not statistically different from that of the control group. The latent recovery effect of electrophysiology in the treatment group was the same as that in the sham operation group and better than that in the control group.Conclusion:3D printing hydrogel scaffold with loose network structure is suitable for cell proliferation. It has well biological survival, low cytotoxicity and low immunogenicity, which promoted neurons and axons to recovery and extend so as to effectively promote the recovery of motor function, sensory function and neural signal transmission rate after spinal cord injury.

Since December 2019, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Almost 70% of patients susceptible to 2019-nCoV are over age of 50 years, with extremely large proportion of critical illness and death of the elderly patients. Meanwhile, the elderly patients are at high risk of osteoporotic fractures especially osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). During the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, orthopedists are confronted with the following difficulties including how to screen and protect OVCF patients, how to accurately diagnose and assess the condition of OVCF patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, and how to develop reasonable treatment plans and comprehensive protective measures in emergency and outpatient clinics. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with OVCF diagnosed with COVID-19, the authors jointly develop this expert consensus. The consensus systematically recommends the standardized emergency and outpatient screening and confirmation procedures for OVCF patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and protective measures for emergency and outpatient clinics. Moreover, the consensus describes the grading and classification of OVCF patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to the severity of illness and recommends different treatment plans and corresponding protective measures based on the different types and epidemic prevention and control requirements.

Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause significant yield losses of crops each year. (E)-β-farnesene (EβF), as the main component of the aphid alarm pheromones, can interrupt aphid feeding and cause other conspecies in the vicinity to become agitated or disperse from their host plant. Furthermore, EβF can function as a kairomone in attracting aphid predators. EβF synthase genes, which encode enzymes that convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to the acyclic sesquiterpene EβF, have been isolated and characterized from peppermint (Mentha × piperita and Mentha asiatica), Yuzu (Citrus junos), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita), respectively. Transgenic plant overexpressing EβF synthase genes has been one of the most efficient strategies for aphid management. In this review, the current statuses of transgenic plants engineered for aphid resistance were summarized. The plant-derived EβF synthase genes with their potential roles in aphid management via genetic-modified (GM) approaches were reviewed. The existing problem in GM plants with EβF synthase gene, such as low EβF emission was usually detected in the transgenic plant, was discussed and the development direction in this area was proposed.

OBJECTIVETo discuss radiological characteristics and clinical manifestation of isolated lumbar foraminal stenosis.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to March 2014, 21 patients with isolated degenerative lumbar foraminal stenosis accepted lumbar decompression and fusion in Beijing Luhe Hospital. Intervertebral disc space was evaluated by measuring the position of joint-body line on preoperative X-ray. Bilateral foraminal area of the corresponding segment in CT (sagittal view of 2D reconstruction) and MRI (T2W1 sagittal view) were measured by Surgimap software. For patients with unilateral symptoms, foraminal area of the affected side was compared with that of the contralateral side. Foraminal area of the same segment on CT was also compared with that on MRI. Preoperatively and at the final follow-up, visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.

RESULTSAll patients had a follow-up over 6 months and the average follow-up was 16.8 months (7-42 months). Of the 21 patients (26 segments), 12 segments showed gross narrowing and 14 segments showed slight narrowing. After preoperative measurement on MRI, 6 patients had foraminal stenosis of grade 2, and 15 patients had foraminal stenosis of grade 3, showing no significant difference in clinical outcomes. Compared with the foraminal area of the unaffected side, the affected side showed a decrease of 16% on CT and 28% on MRI, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.453, P < 0.05). The foraminal area measured on CT was larger than that measured on MRI (P < 0.05). Compared with that preoperatively, VAS (back pain), VAS (leg pain) and ODI showed significant improvement at the final follow-up (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRadiological examinations as X-ray, CT, MRI and intervertebral foramen block technique play an important role in the diagnosis of foraminal stenosis. Soft oppression caused by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of transforaminal ligment or joint capsule may be important promoters of degenerative lumbar foraminal stenosis. Lumbar foraminal decompression and interbody fusion can satisfactorily improve preoperative symptoms.

Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; Decompression, Surgical ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Lumbosacral Region ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed