Self-aid and buddy-aid are primary steps in battlefield first aid,offering the timeliest treatment effectiveness.Medications are indispensable key supplies in battlefield first aid,playing a crucial role in the timely treatment of the injured.This review provides an overview of medication preparation for battlefield first aid both domestically and internationally,aiming to provide reference for the medication preparation for self-aid and buddy-aid of naval combat injuries,so as to enhance the Navy's first-aid capability and medical support capability.

Objective To investigate the prescription patterns and potential therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)based on data mining and network pharmacology.Methods The clinical data from 1 016 LPRD patients treated at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between February 1,2012,and December 30,2023 were collected.Frequency analysis,property and flavor analysis,meridian tropism analysis,efficacy classification,association rule mining,and cluster analysis were performed on the effective TCM prescriptions to identify medication rules.Core herbs were screened,and their therapeutic mechanisms were explored using network pharmacology.Results A total of 1 976 prescriptions involving 139 medicinals(23 644 medicinal frequencies)were analyzed.The top five most frequently-used medicinals were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Gancao),Poria(Fuling),Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(Chenpi),Bombyx Batryticatus(Jiangcan),and Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum(Jineijin).The herbs predominantly exhibited sweet flavor and neutral property,with a primary affinity for the lung meridian.The most common therapeutic categories were deficiency-tonifying herbs and phlegm-resolving herbs.The herb combination"Gancao-Chenpi-Fuling"was identified as the core prescription for LPRD.Network pharmacology analysis of this combination revealed 11 shared targets between the core herbs and LPRD,including three key targets.The core herbs may alleviate LPRD by modulating the interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,and cancer-related pathways.Conclusion TCM treatment for LPRD should primarily target the lung,and employs herbs with mild-sweet properties and tonifying effects,supplemented by phlegm-resolving herbs.The core combination"Gancao-Chenpi-Fuling"may exert therapeutic effects by regulating key targets such as IL-1B,TNF,and IL-6,thereby modulating the IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and cancer-related pathways to mitigate inflammatory responses in LPRD.

Cough variant asthma （CVA） is a chronic respiratory disease with cough as its main symptom. The occurrence of CVA is closely related to non-specific airway inflammation， and its pathogenesis involves environmental， genetic， immune， and other factors. In recent years， the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of CVA have attracted the attention of experts and scholars in China and abroad， especially its prominent role in regulating immune balance， relieving cough symptoms in CVA patients， and reducing recurrence. T Helper cells 1 （Th1）， T helper cells 2 （Th2）， T helper cells 17 （Th17）， and regulatory T cells （Treg） are derived from CD4⁺ T cells. Immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is a new hotspot in the pathogenesis of CVA and a potential key target in the treatment of CVA by TCM. Th cell subsets are in dynamic balance under physiological conditions， maintaining respiratory immune homeostasis in which pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines are balanced. Immature helper T cells （Th0） can be differentiated into Th1， Th2， Th17， Treg， and other cell subsets due to cytokine types in the microenvironment in the stage of CVA maturation. The proliferation of Th2 cells leads to eosinophilic airway inflammation. Excessive differentiation of Th17 cells induces neutrophil airway inflammation. Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells are mutually restricted in number and function， and the immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is easy to aggravate the generation of inflammatory response. Restoring immune balance is particularly important for the airway anti-inflammatory therapy of CVA. In this paper， the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg and the pathogenesis of CVA were systematically expounded. Meanwhile， the latest research on the regulation of immune imbalance by TCM compound， single TCM， and its effective ingredients in the treatment of CVA was reviewed. It provides ideas and references for revealing the scientific connotation of TCM regulating immune balance therapy of CVA， as well as the development of clinical treatment and basic research of CVA.

Objective To establish a stable rat model of non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with clinical characteristics.Methods Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)was used to establish a PCOS rat model by subcutaneous injection.Three-week-old female SD rats were divided into a normal group,6 mg/kg DHEA model group,and 60 mg/kg DHEA model group.The model groups were subcutaneously injected with the corresponding dose of DHEA daily,while the normal group was subcutaneously injected with glycerol daily for 21 consecutive days.The model was evaluated with ovarian histopathology as the gold standard to determine the optimal dosage of DHEA to induce a PCOS rat model.On this basis,the optimal DHEA modeling dose was selected,and stop and continue modeling groups were set up to observe the model for 28 days and evaluate its maintenance.The stop modeling group was no longer given DHEA,and the continued modeling group was subcutaneously injected with 60 mg/kg DHEA every 48 h.The evaluation indicators included body mass,estrous cycle,fasting blood glucose,serum insulin,histopathologic morphology of the ovaries,and serum sex hormone levels.Results(1)Compared with the normal group,the 6 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg DHEA model groups showed no significant difference in body mass,and their estrous cycles were irregular.There were more cystically dilated large follicles in the ovaries;fewer mature follicles;reduced layers of granulosa cells,which were arranged in a sparse and disorganized manner;and fewer lutea in the 6 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg DHEA model groups than the normal group.Furthermore,serum T and E2 levels were significantly higher in the 60 mg/kg DHEA model group(P＜0.05)than the normal group.(2)The stop modeling group(A2 group)resumed regular estrous cycles after 2 weeks,various growth follicles and corpora lutea were observed in the ovarian tissues,the number of cystic follicles was reduced,the number of granulosa cell layers increased,mature follicles were visible,oocyte morphology was locally intact,and the levels of E2 and AMH were reduced compared with the normal group(A1 group)(P＜0.05).(3)The continue model group(B2 group)was in the late stage of estrous cycle for a long period,and there were more large follicles with cystic dilatation,fewer mature follicles,fewer layers of granulosa cells with a sparse and disordered arrangement,and significantly fewer corpus lutea in the ovaries compared with the normal group(B1 group).The levels of serum LH,LH/FSH,and T were elevated(P＜0.05).Conclusions Subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg DHEA for 21 consecutive days can be used to successfully construct a non-obese PCOS rat model that possesses clinical characteristics.Subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg DHEA every 48 hours maintains the stability of the model.

Objective:To establish a method for automatic determination of iodine level in salt by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry using an iodine element detector (hereinafter referred to as this method), and to provide reference for in-depth study of salt iodine detection technology.Methods:This method was used to determine the iodine level in salt, and the linear range, detection limit, precision, and accuracy (determination of salt iodine standard substance GBW10006y and GBW10007y, and addition recovery experiment) of this method were determined. The iodine level of 35 salt samples was determined by this method and redox titration method recommended by the national standard, and the results were compared.Results:This method had a good linear relationship within the range of 50 - 600 μg/L standard curve, the absolute value of the correlation coefficients was > 0.999 0, and the detection limit was 5.0 mg/kg. The relative standard deviation of iodine concentration in salt samples with low, medium and high iodine concentrations were all < 6.0%. The determination results of salt iodine standard substance GBW10006y and GBW10007y were within the given value ranges; three iodine concentrations (6.0, 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg) were added to the salt samples, with an average recovery rate of 96.7% to 105.0%, and a total average recovery rate of 100.9%. The method comparison experiment showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the salt iodine determination results of this method and the redox titration method ( t = - 1.54, P = 0.132). Conclusion:This method has the advantages of high accuracy, good precision and wide linear range in determining salt iodine, and is suitable for the detection of large quantities of samples in salt iodine monitoring.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the clinical experience of four sessions of Masters of Traditional Chinese Medicine and two sessions of National Famous Chinese Medicine Practitioners in treating ulcerative colitis （UC）. Data mining and analysis were conducted to clarify the diagnosis and treatment ideas and characteristics of prescription used by these famous doctors in treating UC. MethodsRelevant literature on the treatment of UC by renowned doctors was retrieved from the establishment of the database until March 31， 2023. The literature was collected from databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database， and China Biomedical Literature Database. The data mining techniques including frequency analysis， association rules， and cluster analysis were conducted using the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform V2.3.5. ResultsA total of 157 literatures were included in this study， including 115 clinical case data. The study found that UC can be categorized into 14 types of syndrome patterns for treatment， including large intestine dampness-heat syndrome （75，65.22%）， syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency （23， 20.00%）， spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome （21， 18.26%）. The main affected organs were the spleen （85， 73.91%） and large intestine （75， 65.22%）， and they were closely related to liver （24， 20.87%） and the kidney （21， 18.26%）. The predominant pathogenic factors were dampness （83， 72.17%） ， heat （80， 69.57%） and qi deficiency （65， 56.52%）. The treatment involved 30 kinds of treatment methods， including heat-clearing and dampness-draining method （75， 65.22%）， pleen-tonifying and qi-boosting method （25，21.74%） and spleen-invigorating and dampness-transforming method （23， 20.00%）. The medication involved 187 ingredients， with the most commonly used being heat-clearing herbs （37， 19.79%） and tonifying herbs （27， 14.44%）. The tastes of the herbs were mostly sweet （85， 45.45%） ， bitter （80， 42.78%） ， and pungent （71， 37.97%）. The association rules revealed 16 high-frequency combinations mainly composed of Huanglian （黄连）， Baishao （白芍） and Gancao （甘草） along with Baizhu （白术）， Fuling （茯苓）， Muxiang （木香） and Danggui （当归）. ConclusionFamous doctors are skilled in diagnosing and treating UC based on the differentiation of the zang-fu organs and qi-blood. The key pathological mechanism is “spleen deficiency as the root， and large intestine damp-heat as the manifestation”. The core treatment approach is “heat-clearing， spleen-tonifying， and dampness-draining”， with the inclusion of “regulating qi and blood， and balancing cold and heat”.

Objective To compare the efficiency of multiple etiological techniques for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild mice, so as to provide technical supports to assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk. Methods Wild mice were captured with baited traps at night in Oncomelania hupensis snail-infested settings in schistosomiasis-endemic foci of Anhui Province from October to November, 2022. S. japonicum infections were detected in wild mice using microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mouse mesenteric tissues, microscopy of mouse liver tissue homogenates, miracidial hatching test of mouse liver tissue homogenates, Kato-Katz technique and miracidial hatching test of mouse stool samples alone and in combinations. Identification of S. japonicum eggs or miracidia by any of these six assays was defined as an infection. The sensitivity of six assays alone or in combinations was compared for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Results A total of 1 703 wild mice were captured, with 366 wild mice detected positive for S. japonicum (21.49%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild mice by six assays (Q = 529.33, P < 0.001) and in the sensitivity of six assays for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice (χ² = 527.78, P < 0.001). In addition, the combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and mesenteric tissues, combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and liver tissue homogenates and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues, microscopy of mesenteric tissues, microscopy of liver tissue homogenates and Kato-Katz technique showed 86.61%, 87.16% and 97.27% sensitivities for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice, respectively. Conclusions Diverse etiological assays show various efficiencies for detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice. Combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of mesenteric tissues, and combination of microscopy of mouse liver tissues and microscopy of liver tissue homogenates are potential approaches for field detection of S. japonicum infections in wild mice.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

【Objective】 To identify and propose blood transfusion suggestions for 3 children suspected to have red blood cell T polyagglutination. 【Methods】 According to the RBC reactions with phytohemagglutinin, adult serum and cord blood serum, aggregation test with polybrene reagent and MN antigen phenotype test were carried out on 3 children to confirm the presence of T polyagglutination. The donor serum with negative or weak reactions was selected by minor cross matching for the 3 children who needed therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE). 【Results】 Three cases of RBC T polyagglutination were caused by bacterial infection, with transient appearance of MN antigen; the samples were reactive to peanut agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, adult serum but nonreactive to cord blood serum, and didn′t aggregate after adding polybrene reagent. After receiving timely TPE, the T polyagglutination gradually disappeared. 【Conclusion】 Some bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, may cause polyagglutination of red blood cells. The patients with suspected T polyagglutination should be diagnosed in time. For T polyagglutination patients, the minor matched plasma should be used for avoiding the random plasma with anti-T antibody transfusion.

Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly will seriously reduce their quality of life and life expectancy. For osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, spinal reconstruction is necessary, which should comprehensively consider factors such as the physical condition, fracture type, clinical characteristics and osteoporosis degree. While there lacks relevant clinical norms or guidelines on selection of spinal reconstruction strategies. In order to standardize the concept of spinal reconstruction for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, based on the principles of scientificity, practicality and progressiveness, the authors formulated the Clinical guideline for spinal reconstruction of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in elderly patients ( version 2022), in which suggestions based on evidence of evidence-based medicine were put forward upon 10 important issues related to the fracture classification, non-operative treatment strategies and surgical treatment strategies in spinal reconstruction after osteoporosis thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, hoping to provide a reference for clinical treatment.