Our extensive basic research on photodynamic therapy (PDT) application in models of intracranial malignant astrocytoma led to its clinical application for intracranial malignant astrocytoma in Japan. Having considered the safety and effectiveness of this pathology, we initiate a first-in-human clinical study of PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma. This study has an open-label, single-arm design. The initial follow-up period is 12 months, at the end of which we will quantify survival after PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma as primary objective. The secondary objective is to quantify the overall progression-free survival of treated patients and the percentage of patients surviving 6 months after PDT without recurrence. Twenty patients suffering from spinal cord malignant astrocytoma will be recruited. In particular, 10 of those should be newly diagnosed World Health Organization grade 4. After obtaining consent, each patient will receive a single intravenous injection of talaporfin sodium (40 mg/m2) 1 day before tumor resection. One day after completing tumor removal, the residual lesion and/or resection cavity will be irradiated using a 664-nm semiconductor laser with a radiation power density of 150 mW/cm2 and a radiation energy density of 27 J/cm2. The procedure will be performed 22–26 hours after talaporfin sodium administration. This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee in the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials number, jRCT2021220040).

Our extensive basic research on photodynamic therapy (PDT) application in models of intracranial malignant astrocytoma led to its clinical application for intracranial malignant astrocytoma in Japan. Having considered the safety and effectiveness of this pathology, we initiate a first-in-human clinical study of PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma. This study has an open-label, single-arm design. The initial follow-up period is 12 months, at the end of which we will quantify survival after PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma as primary objective. The secondary objective is to quantify the overall progression-free survival of treated patients and the percentage of patients surviving 6 months after PDT without recurrence. Twenty patients suffering from spinal cord malignant astrocytoma will be recruited. In particular, 10 of those should be newly diagnosed World Health Organization grade 4. After obtaining consent, each patient will receive a single intravenous injection of talaporfin sodium (40 mg/m2) 1 day before tumor resection. One day after completing tumor removal, the residual lesion and/or resection cavity will be irradiated using a 664-nm semiconductor laser with a radiation power density of 150 mW/cm2 and a radiation energy density of 27 J/cm2. The procedure will be performed 22–26 hours after talaporfin sodium administration. This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee in the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials number, jRCT2021220040).

Our extensive basic research on photodynamic therapy (PDT) application in models of intracranial malignant astrocytoma led to its clinical application for intracranial malignant astrocytoma in Japan. Having considered the safety and effectiveness of this pathology, we initiate a first-in-human clinical study of PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma. This study has an open-label, single-arm design. The initial follow-up period is 12 months, at the end of which we will quantify survival after PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma as primary objective. The secondary objective is to quantify the overall progression-free survival of treated patients and the percentage of patients surviving 6 months after PDT without recurrence. Twenty patients suffering from spinal cord malignant astrocytoma will be recruited. In particular, 10 of those should be newly diagnosed World Health Organization grade 4. After obtaining consent, each patient will receive a single intravenous injection of talaporfin sodium (40 mg/m2) 1 day before tumor resection. One day after completing tumor removal, the residual lesion and/or resection cavity will be irradiated using a 664-nm semiconductor laser with a radiation power density of 150 mW/cm2 and a radiation energy density of 27 J/cm2. The procedure will be performed 22–26 hours after talaporfin sodium administration. This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee in the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials number, jRCT2021220040).

Our extensive basic research on photodynamic therapy (PDT) application in models of intracranial malignant astrocytoma led to its clinical application for intracranial malignant astrocytoma in Japan. Having considered the safety and effectiveness of this pathology, we initiate a first-in-human clinical study of PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma. This study has an open-label, single-arm design. The initial follow-up period is 12 months, at the end of which we will quantify survival after PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma as primary objective. The secondary objective is to quantify the overall progression-free survival of treated patients and the percentage of patients surviving 6 months after PDT without recurrence. Twenty patients suffering from spinal cord malignant astrocytoma will be recruited. In particular, 10 of those should be newly diagnosed World Health Organization grade 4. After obtaining consent, each patient will receive a single intravenous injection of talaporfin sodium (40 mg/m2) 1 day before tumor resection. One day after completing tumor removal, the residual lesion and/or resection cavity will be irradiated using a 664-nm semiconductor laser with a radiation power density of 150 mW/cm2 and a radiation energy density of 27 J/cm2. The procedure will be performed 22–26 hours after talaporfin sodium administration. This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee in the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials number, jRCT2021220040).

Our extensive basic research on photodynamic therapy (PDT) application in models of intracranial malignant astrocytoma led to its clinical application for intracranial malignant astrocytoma in Japan. Having considered the safety and effectiveness of this pathology, we initiate a first-in-human clinical study of PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma. This study has an open-label, single-arm design. The initial follow-up period is 12 months, at the end of which we will quantify survival after PDT for spinal cord malignant astrocytoma as primary objective. The secondary objective is to quantify the overall progression-free survival of treated patients and the percentage of patients surviving 6 months after PDT without recurrence. Twenty patients suffering from spinal cord malignant astrocytoma will be recruited. In particular, 10 of those should be newly diagnosed World Health Organization grade 4. After obtaining consent, each patient will receive a single intravenous injection of talaporfin sodium (40 mg/m2) 1 day before tumor resection. One day after completing tumor removal, the residual lesion and/or resection cavity will be irradiated using a 664-nm semiconductor laser with a radiation power density of 150 mW/cm2 and a radiation energy density of 27 J/cm2. The procedure will be performed 22–26 hours after talaporfin sodium administration. This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee in the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials number, jRCT2021220040).

We report a case of Marfan's syndrome in a patient who, 20 months after undergoing Cabrol's operation, underwent beating coronary artery bypass grafting without the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass for ostial stenosis of the left main coronary artery after acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed. The patient was a 31-year-old woman who had undergone Cabrol's operation for annulo-aortic ectasia at 29 years of age, and whose course thereafter was uneventful. On May 26, 2000, she complained of chest pain, and was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. On June 17 of the same year, a 90% ostial stenosis of the left main coronary artery was detected by coronary angiography. She subsequently underwent beating coronary artery bypass grafting without the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass, using left internal thoracic artery (LITA) anastomosis to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) via median sternotomy. The LAD was so much displaced laterally and pericardial adhesion was so dense on the apical aspect that good visualization of the LAD could not be obtained by the conventional percardiotomy. Therefore, the pericardium over the contemplated LAD anastomosis was resected circularly, and the LITA was anastomosed to the LAD through the pericardial opening. Postoperative angiography showed a widely patent LITA, although the stenotic lesion of the left main coronary ostium was totally occluded.

We reevaluated our heparin and protamine administration protocol during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In 12 patients who underwent cardiac surgery using a heparin-coated circuit under mild hypothermia, heparin concentration was measured with the Hepcon^®/HMS. Before initiating CPB, 1.5mg/kg of heparin was given to maintain the activated clotting time (ACT) at more than 400sec. Patients were divided into two groups. In group I (n=6), heparin was neutralized with an empirical dose of protamine (1.5mg protamine/mg initial heparin). In group II (n=6), the protamine dose was determined by the residual heparin concentration, measured with the Hepcon^®. Patients in group II received a lower dosage of protamine than group I (1.7±0.0 vs. 3.6±0.4mg/kg, p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding and activated clotting time between the groups. By determining the appropriate protamine dosage, this heparin analysis system may be useful in managing CPB.

We report two emergency mitral valve replacements performed successfully on 16-week and 29-week pregnant women for infective endocarditis in the active phase. The first patient was in severe acute heart failure on admission, and the fetus was already dead. Induced abortion was performed uneventfully 6 days after mitral valve replacement. The second patient presented with several episodes of systemic embolization. An echocardiography revealed giant movable vegetation on the mitral valve. The patient had emergency mitral valve replacement just after the Caesarian section. Both the patient and her baby weighting 1, 374g had an uneventful good courses with no complication. We concluded that in emergency operations in pregnancy, saving the mother's life should have priority over all else, but we should find the way to rescue the fetus life if at all possible. Therefore, depending on the situation, we should not hesitate about doing a simultaneous operation, Caesarian section and heart surgery, for that purpose.

Objective. We investigated whether the aging-related decrease in gap junction expression affects myocardial response against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rabbit myocardium. Methods. Isolated aged (≥135 weeks) or mature (15-20 weeks) rabbit hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution via a Langendorff apparatus, and were divided into five groups as follows: 7 mature hearts served as mature controls (Group A), 7 mature hearts underwent ischemic preconditioning (IPC) consisting of two cycles of global ischemia for 5min followed by reperfusion for 5min (Group B), 7 aged hearts served as aged control (Group C), 7 aged hearts underwent IPC (Group D) and 7 mature hearts received 1mM of gap junction uncoupler heptanol for 5min (Group E). Then, all hearts were subjected to 1h of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 1h of reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure, ischemic zone monophasic action potential and coronary flow were measured throughout the experiment and the infarct size (IS) was determined at the end of the experiment. Gap junction expression was investigated by the electron microscopy. Results. The IS of Group A was 39.1±3.8 (%) and that of Group B was 26.9±3.8 (%)^* (^*p<0.05 vs. Group A). The IS of Group C was 19.3± 1.6(%)^*. That of Group D was 43.6±5.8 (%)^# (^#p<0.05 vs. Group C). IS of Group E was 24.3±1.6 (%)^*. Electron microscopic findings demonstrated that gap junction expression in aged hearts was less prominent than in mature ones. Conclusion. These data suggested that aged myocardium might be more tolerant of ischemic insult than that of mature heart, and that the mechanism might be related to the aging-related change of gap junction expression.

Between January 1981 and December 1996, we performed valve replacement in 281 patients using bileaflet prosthetic valves in mitral and/or tricuspid positions. Thrombosed valve were seen in 10 patients (7 in mitral, 3 in tricuspid positions). In 5 patients, coumadin had been stopped for several reasons (pacemaker implantation, melena, drug allergy), but in the other 5 patients, anticoagulation was within the therapeutic range at the time of presentation. For thrombolytic therapy urokinase or tissue plasminogen activator were used. The treatment was successful in 5 patients (4 mitral, 1 tricuspid), and unsuccessful in 5 patients (3 mitral, 2 tricuspid). Three of the 5 unsuccessful patients were treated surgically (3 with re-mitral valve replacement, 1 with thrombectomy). Prompt surgical treatment can be used as the first line of therapy for thrombosed valves. Thrombolytic therapy may be useful in some cases of bileaflet valve thrombosis without critical hemodynamic collapse. Doppler echocardiographic assessment of increasing peak velocity and pressure half time is useful for detecting thrombosed valves.